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| Term Paper # 95475 |
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Sexuality and Consumerism, 2006.
An analysis of the relationship between exposure to fashion magazines and sexual attitudes of young women.
6,147 words (approx. 24.6 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 144.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal to investigate the possible correlations between exposure to fashion magazines and young women's romantic beliefs, sexual attitudes and the actual quality of their romantic relationships. The paper discusses these issues with regards to the impact that magazines have on self-image in general.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Romance
Sex
Processing the Magazines' Distorted Values
Theoretical Framework
Factors on Readers' Vulnerability
Appearance-Oriented: Beauty and the Perfect Body
Research Design
Sample
Data Collection
Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
Research Questions/Hypotheses & Limitations
Conclusion
Appendix
From the Paper
"Cosmopolitan and Glamour, the two best-selling fashion magazines in the world, sell sex in their content more than anything else (McCleneghan 2003). Their main profit comes from advertisements of cosmetic products, not the actual sales. In 2000, a supposedly flat year for magazine advertising, their ads revenue has grown more than 5% (McCleneghan 2003). Marchand (1985) suggests America has entered a "consumption ethic" where the media is sending cultural messages to construct individuals' desires through changing their self-concept (McCracken 1992); and that desire is commodified and sold back to the individuals. In the fashion discourse, magazines target 17-24 year-old young women in promoting sex and their beauty products because they are single and they are in relationships; they have more disposable income for clothing, beauty products, entertainment and magazines (McCleneghan 2003). Along with the increasingly explicit sexual content in the magazines, correlated or not, is a "sexual revolution" in the past two decades (Netting 1992). There are several trends in single youths' sexual behavior: the increased premarital sexual activity in North America; decrease in age of first intercourse; and the rise in number of premarital partners (Netting, 1992). In 1980, 41% of women had no prior sexual experience; in 1990, the percentage of these sexually-inexperienced women dropped to 21%. Extensive studies have attempted to show the impact--mostly negative--on young women who are exposed to the sexually-explicit fashion magazines--their self-esteem, body image and attitudes towards sex (Attwood 2005; David 2005; Jackson 2005; Lindner 2004; Machin & Thornborrow 2003). In this review, the aim is to extend on the impact of magazines beyond the personal level, showing the possible effects it brings to these young women's romantic relationships: their romantic/relationship beliefs, their sexual attitudes and in turn the satisfaction of their love life."
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Marginalized Sexual Groups and Consumerism, 2006.
A paper suggesting that the capitalist society we live in created the gay and lesbian market in order to create new consumers in the market.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
We live in the capitalist society characterized by consumerism. Every day we are offered various goods and services through various ads to the extent that we almost do not note them and take them as a part of our everyday life. In order to maintain and enlarge the profits new markets must be found. This essay attempts to show that one of these new markets was the gay and lesbian market. By creating this new market the capitalistic society recognized gays and lesbians as consuming subjects, as citizens of means and taste.
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Consumerism, 2004.
An analysis of how consumerism affects our behavioral patterns.
1,048 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how many feel that consumerism is a pattern of behavior that may be destroying our environment, financial health, and our self-esteem. It attempts to answer the question of whether we should be buying more or less and whether we shop because that is what humans were meant to do, even though manufacturers, retailers, and advertisers feel we as a nation should buy more. It details the opinions of three authors, Michael Schudson, Elayne Rapping, and Juliet B. Shors, in regard to these questions. It shows how each of these authors has an opinion or view about the topic of consumerism and how, within their essays, they point out both the good and the bad and how they feel we, as a society, should consider consumerism.
From the Paper
"As our society puts in more hours at work and has less of a home life, one must consider the questions of why we humans sacrifice so much for something that is actually not enjoyable and are we over shopping? As the Christmas trees yearn for newly wrapped presents throughout America, we should all wonder do we really need all of that new stuff? Harvard economics professor Juliet B. Schor thinks not. In her opinion, we Americans have been and will continue to be tricked into thinking that we as a nation need more of everything. The car has a few too many miles on it, well, we need a new one. If Schor is right, who created this consumerist need for more goods and services in us? Consumerism, based on Schors? thinking, has been created by the capitalists who need to manufacturer goods and services. Once made, those items need to be sold."
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Consumerism and Advertising, 2005.
This paper discusses the effects of advertising on consumerism.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The following assignment is for a second year business and society course. The topic of this paper is the effect of advertising on consumerism. Using an article from Heath, it is argued that advertising and consumerism are not closely related. The writer maintains that increased consumerism is the result of competition and not advertising. The writer concludes that the other argument is wrong. "
From the Paper
"Consumerism has been a topic of interest for a number of years. Many researchers believe that consumerism is a negative thing. These critics usually link the rise of consumerism to advertising. However, there are some critics that argue that consumerism and advertising have little to do with each other. In 'The Efficient Society' Joseph Heath's theory is that consumerism and advertising are not intimately connected. In fact, Heath's argument suggests that competition and social status are the driving force behind the increase in consumerism. For example, Heath states, 'Thus comparative consumption can easily become competitive consumption'."
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Consumerism, 2004.
Discusses the role of consumerism in society.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role of consumerism in society. The paper attempts to address several issues regarding the prevalence of consumer culture, advertising, and marketing in media. It looks at the spread of consumerism and the growth of a consumption society.
From the Paper
"Consumerism sets each person against themselves in an endless quest for happiness made possible only by acquiring more things. Consumerism is manifested in a never-ending cycle of purchasing of new goods and services. Consumers are programmed to pay little attention to their true needs or to the durability of the product or its origin or the environmental consequences of manufacture and disposal. Consumerism is driven by huge amounts of money spent on advertising intended to spur demand..."
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Consumerism, 2005.
A discussion on consumerism in modern society, focusing on the advertising industry.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the role and limitations of consumerism in modern society. The paper suggests that as the advertising industry becomes an omnipotent shaper of social reality, it will become a hardier beast as we move towards unfettered capitalism with globalization targeting the least-educated peoples during an era where the richest country on earth carries on with the ethical airs.
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The Curse of Consumerism, 2004.
A discussion on late 20th century consumerism in Caryl Churchill's "Serious Money" and Mark Ravenhill's "Shopping and Fucking".
2,421 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper analyses the moral values (or lack thereof) of consumerism and discusses its impact on personal and social relationships as well as issues of identity in Caryl Churchill's "Serious Money" and Mark Ravenhill's "Shopping and Fucking". It provides an analysis of both plays and makes extensive references to contemporary cultural theory such as those of Jean Baudrillard. It looks at how "Serious Money" is a portrayal of the hedonistic greed of the 1980s and how "Shopping and Fucking" could easily be described as the nasty ?morning after? during the 1990s.
From the Paper
"The world of stock market trading in Caryl Churchill?s 1987 play Serious Money is presented as a microcosm where money and the desire to make profit take absolute priority over any other social and moral values. Friendship, loyalty and even family relationships are affected by market movements and if deemed unprofitable, quickly discarded. Compared to money, ?matters of life and death c[o]me a poor second? , as illustrated by the reactions of Jake?s colleagues to his death, which can be summed up as ?The deal is the priority? . Even his sister Scilla who suspects Jake was murdered and starts investigating his death is motivated by greed (?Would either of them be likely to kill Jake? Or more important still could they tell me about his bank account? Which bank is it in? / And what?s the total amount?? )"
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The Role and Limitations of Consumerism, 2006.
A study on consumerism that evaluates the problems of mass markets and the global problem of consumer exploitation.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In a discussion on the role and limitations of consumerism, the author of this paper argues that we need to be smart (and strong) enough to know when to say no, while teaching the same to our children and more impressionable members of society. Only by assessing the root of the urge to consume can we free ourselves, thereby worrying less about surface matters. By advocating education and rational analysis of the advertised products now before us, perhaps a less greedy and more humane society will emerge.
From the Paper
"To say advertising is everywhere is to say something all consumers can agree on. Sports events, movies, even the God-given right of ad-free cable television has been trampled over. So if you cannot escape spots pushing shakes that will make you slimmer and sugar-based cereals that will make your kids fatter, the appropriate (and most realistic) role of the consumer is being true to one's self by supporting companies for human and environmental standards as much as quality control."
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Consumerism, 2006.
This paper examines the phenomena of consumerism in relation to happiness within the current popular culture.
1,215 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the conflicting theories that money can't buy happiness and yet the importance placed on material goods and the gratification from them as a source of happiness. The author points out that, within modern culture, consumerism has become a sort of micro-culture of its own with a set of beliefs and values and a way of life, which places the obtaining of material possessions and the actual process of obtaining them as the top priority. The paper states that people must not become materialistic buying machines but rather enhance their lives through the joys of human interactions.
From the Paper
"There is a great deal that can be said about happiness as an element of pop culture as it relates to consumerism. Within the complex, dollar-driven world of modern America, happiness is often measured by the size of the vehicle in one's driveway, or the memory that their I-Pod contains. Happiness is a commodity that seems to be able to be bought as an accessory with every item that is piled into the home or locked away in the personal storage lockers of people from coast to coast. The instant gratification that comes with material possessions..."
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Doublethink and Consumerism, 2002.
Shows how George Orwell's prediction of a media dominated world is coming true in the present-day trends of globalization and consumerism.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In "1984" George Orwell foresaw political domination and exploitation following government control of the media. In fact corporate control of the media has promoted consumerism and globalization and it is transnational corporations that have come to dominate the world.
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Consumerism and New Technologies, 2006.
A discussion regarding "consumerism" as a phenomenon.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the popular issue of "consumerism". A brief review of mass media indicates that this issue is usually discussed in either economic or environmental terms (i.e., the role of the consumer in supporting or not supporting continued economic growth; consumption in terms of its contribution to pollution via landfills, air pollution etc.). This essay argues that these perspectives are flawed in that they are addressing the effects of consumption rather than the phenomenon itself.
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British Consumerism, 2002.
A discussion of British consumerism during the period between the World Wars.
1,953 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the period between the two world wars was seen by many in Britain as a period of stagnation and general economic depression, even before the Great Depression, but in fact there were many developments in retail trading during this period. The paper examines the revolution in consumer spending during this time and the integration of retailing and manufacturing. It also looks at the development of the concept of the department store and its effect on the working class and the economy.
From the Paper
"Falling prices encouraged the expansion of working-class purchasing power, and some industries grew rapidly. New opportunities were appearing as new means of distribution and new forms of retail selling developed. Of the three types of mass marketers then in Britain, only the department stores, particularly those in London, were oriented toward the middle-class shopper. British department stores developed in much the manner of American department stores. They were concentrated largely in urban areas and were usually dry goods shops grown large. Whiteley's and other British department stores in the beginning expanded the scope of their operations by adding to their original lines of dry goods and apparel with items such as carpets, draperies, cabinets, beds, and various household furnishings. Department stores in the city attracted middle-class customers, while outside of London the new stores tried to attract working class customers. By the beginning of this century, however, these stores were concentrating on the upper end of the market (Chandler 256)."
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Consumerism and the Dominant Ideology, 2002.
Examines how the dominant marketing ideologies of the western world affect consumerism.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
Concepts discussed include McDonaldization, cathedrals of consumption, middle class practices, ideologies, consumerist ideologies, meritocracy, Intelligence testing, inequality, race-class-gender and others.
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Corporate Consumerism and Government Power in the 21st Century, 2002.
Argues that consumerism, encouraged by corporations and government, iss creating a society devoid of values.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Summary: In this paper I will explore how human society has been transformed, by the media, as well as by government and corporations, into a consumerist collective whose only purpose is ever-increasing consumption at the expense of all other values.
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