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Family and Sexual Orientation, 2008.
This paper discusses the family impact on sexual orientation and looks at discrimination in this regard.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the term "sexual orientation" has become the phrase used to identify a class of protected rights in law and in business and presumably includes all forms of sexual orientation. In practice, though, the writer points out, the term is a way of assuring some protection for homosexuals without actually using the term. When speaking about majority sexual orientation, meaning heterosexuality as the norm, there is no need to speak about orientation. The writer maintains that it is the basic role of government to protect each citizen from other citizens, and so protections on the basis of sexual orientation are needed no matter what the source of a different orientation might be. The writer concludes that protecting the class is a legal question and does not depend on the other elements to be in force.
From the Paper
"Yet punishing people for a "crime" that is not a crime at all is un-American, and there is no reason for the government to be involved in an effort on the part of segments of society to force other segments to bend to their will. Some critics claim that there is a reason in that the government should be promoting so-called family values, while homosexuality is detrimental to those values. The recent battle in Congress was framed in part as a battle between the Employment Non-Discrimination Act on the one hand and the Defense of Marriage Act on the other, an act which defines marriage so as to eliminate homosexual partnerships. The title of the latter act shows the belief that marriage is under attack by homosexuals and so that heterosexuals can rally and defend themselves. Differential treatment of homosexuals thus becomes defense rather than discrimination."
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Unified Approach in Sexual Orientation, 2005.
Argues for the need to approach sexual orientation studies from a joint nature-nurture perspective.
1,234 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
Current researchers have approached the question of sexual preference and its causes from a biological as well as a psychological and sociological point of study. Both types of researchers would agree that the various areas of influence are not necessarily exclusive of one another, and that no single area dominates the decision as to what determines sexual orientation. The paper shows that some researchers have demonstrated a biologic or genetic component of human sexual orientation. Others dispute this claim, stating that sexuality is largely an environmentally-influenced preference. In conclusion, this paper argues that it is clearly necessary to approach the causes of sexual orientation from a point of view that includes both biologic and environmental factors.
From the Paper
"Blanchard and Klassen have hypothesized that the Y-linked minor histocompatiblity antigens, or H-Y antigens, are involved in sexual development. Their study shows that some mothers experience a progressive immunization to the antigen, and that this change may increase the effects of H-Y antibodies on the sexual differentiation of the brain in male children that are born later in the birth order within a family. According to the authors, this information is consistent with the fact that there is a correlation between sexual orientation in men and the number of older brothers they have. Each older brother increases the odds of homosexual preference by nearly 33% in the younger siblings."
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Sexual Orientation, 2004.
A discussion about what influences a person's sexual orientation.
904 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the determinants of sexual orientation. The paper defines the sexual orientation categories of homosexual, bisexual, and heterosexual, and discusses some of the complex issues surrounding these labels.
From the Paper
"According to Emily Cameron in "New Moon", some girls like boys, some girls like girls, and some girls just like people without worrying whether they're girls or boys. Whom you like romantically is called sexual orientation. It's usually divided neatly into groups of homosexuals being attracted only to people of the same sex, bisexuals being attracted to both sexes and heterosexuals being attracted only to people of the opposite sex. In reality the issue is more complex than these labels..."
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Sexual Orientation Discrimination.
This paper discusses sexual orientation discrimination in the workplace.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that sexual orientation discrimination in the workplace is demonstrated not only by poor treatment of these employees but also in financial ways: Although equally qualified, male homosexuals are earning about twenty-two percent less than heterosexual men. The author points out that the Congress is considering the "Employment Non-Discrimination Act". The paper concludes that sexual discrimination could be reduced, if not eliminated, if employers trained and educated employees on sexual orientation, provided benefits for gay partners and allowed employees to form unions to voice their opinion.
From the Paper
"Gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender employees are discriminated against everyday in the working world. Although personal information, such as sexual orientation, should not be questioned in the workplace, employers are using this information to discriminate against certain people. Even employers that intend to help people have been known to discriminate. The Salvation Army is a perfect example of this. The Salvation Army in New York would pull its business out of the state rather than provide health insurance benefits to partners of gay employees. A law that will soon be enforced in New York states that all employers must provide health benefits to gay partners. Since the Salvation Army considers itself an "evangelical Christian church," it is against it's religion to promote homosexuality."
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Television and Sexual Orientation, 2008.
This paper discusses how race, sexual orientation, social class, gender and class are portrayed on television.
1,417 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that television is arguably our most pervasive mass medium, and reaches millions of viewers, often for many hours per day. As such, it is reasonable to expect that it may play a substantial role in forming and moulding public opinion. This essay examines how race, sexual orientation, social class, gender and class are portrayed on television, with specific reference to four very popular television series: 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer'; 'Ellen'; 'Frasier' and 'Friends'. It is argued that the relationship between television and the masses is becoming increasingly interactive, with the latter increasingly impacting the former, and both exerting a moulding action upon one another.
From the Paper
"First, it must be conceded that there is abundant evidence of television moulding our current society, conveying a view of the world that reinforces the current status quo. Take for example the enormously popular television series Friends. This series features four fabulously shallow, attractive, white, heterosexual, gender-role-conforming, slim, reasonably affluent, utterly self-centred thirty-somethings living in a US city. These characters surely represent the current patriarchal North American status quo. None of them transgresses any societal norms, and all devote themselves with indefatigable vigour to the most important social virtue of our time - consumption. Indeed, much of the action takes place in a coffee shop, where the characters simply spend their time spending money and being amusing. This is reminiscent of the television series Frasier, where the characters also appear to have a bottomless capacity for expensive coffee (as well as fine wine and good food)."
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Sexual Orientation, 2004.
This paper is a literature review and a research proposal to study the biological determinants of sexual orientation.
2,740 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper reveals that, while many studies suggest a strong genetic and biological basis to sexual orientation, there is little causal evidence to support this claim; therefore, this research proposal attempts to resolve conflicting evidence that male homosexuality is correlated with similarities in the genetic markers from region Xq28 of the X chromosome. The author points out that, interestingly, female homosexuals have not been shown to exhibit a similarity in a specific genetic locus. Studies on the Xq28 region showed that the Xq28 region of the X chromosome was similar in only male homosexuals and not female homosexuals. The paper stresses that this proposed study attempts to address many of the common methodological problems that have been associated with research into the genetic basis of homosexuality in the past, including common use of self-selecting samples, small sample sizes, and problems with the definition of homosexuality.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Proposed Research
Materials, Methods, and Procedures
Statistical Analysis
Expected Findings and Relevance
From the Paper
"Sexual orientation has also been linked to hormonal changes during pregnancy. The probability that a male child will have a homosexual sexual orientation as an adult increases nearly 33% for each older brother that the child has, while older sisters have no effect on the sexual orientation of a younger, male sibling. An immune response within the mother during pregnancy may account for this effect. Specifically, the mother may produce anti-H-Y antigens during pregnancy that affect aspects of sexual differentiation that occur during development. In addition, homosexual males who have older brothers weigh less at birth than heterosexual males with older brothers who in turn weigh less than heterosexual males with older sisters."
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Sexual Orientation and Gender Roles, 2002.
This paper discusses in depth the social construction of sexual orientation and gender roles.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
It discusses biological, psychological, and sociological opinions of this theory, and concludes that all elements of sexual orientation: biological/genetic, psychological, and socially constructed, are essential to the way in which it operates in Western society, and that growing tolerance for minority groups and opinions will increase the acceptance of "sexual deviants."
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The Right to Privacy: Sexual Orientation and Celebrities, 2002.
A discussion of whether gay celebrities have an obligation to reveal their sexual orientation.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
After an outline and introductory paragraph, the author starts the piece by describing the traditional Christian view of sexuality. Then, the author describes the sexual revolution of the 1960s and how both views paradoxically exist in modern society. Using this scizophrenic view of sexuality as a backdrop, the author then discusses America's obsession with celebrities and how that obsession makes it dangerous for gay celebrities to reveal their sexuality. The author then argues that all celebrities are entitled to their privacy and while gay celebrities should be commended for asserting their sexuality, no one has the right to demand that they disclose such private matters.
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Human Sexuality, 2006.
A discussion of sexual orientation and sex identity.
4,600 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the independent nature of attributes like sexual orientation, gender expression and sex identity. The paper looks at their expression along a continuous spectrum, in contrast to conventional "either/or" constructs. The paper explains that this conventional construct can be confining and even psychologically harmful. The analysis maintains these attributes run a range of expression and seldom fit within social "norms" that define them.
From the Paper
"Sex is generally a term that denotes anatomy and other biological considerations like chromosomes and hormones. Gender is generally a term that denotes appearance, behavior, roles and identity. Many people consider there to be two separate..."
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Human Sexuality, 2006.
This paper analyzes the independent nature of attributes such as sexual orientation, gender expression and sex identity.
3,450 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that attributes like sexual orientation, gender expression and sex identity are expressed along a continuous spectrum in contrast to conventional "either/or" constructs of these attributes. The author points out that these "either/or" constructs can be confining and psychologically harmful. The paper maintains that these attributes run a range of expression and seldom fit within social norms that attempt to define them.
From the Paper
"Sex is generally a term that denotes anatomy and other biological considerations like chromosomes and hormones. Gender is generally a term that denotes appearance, behavior, roles and identity. Many people consider there to be two sexes."
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Identity and Sexuality, 2006.
This paper examines how sexual identity helps to define one's identity regardless of sexual orientation.
1,765 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper explores how one's sexual identity begins to develop at an early age but may differ greatly depending on gender and culture. This paper also explores the role the social environment plays in the development of a sexual identity. This paper also discusses the term sexual orientation which presumes a person aligns themselves with certain categorical labels such as heterosexual, homosexual or lesbian.
From the Paper
"Sexual identity varies so greatly from person to person and depends on so many factors and circumstances. Some people may not know their sexual identity for man years, largely due to social pressures and fears. It is important for people to understand that sexual identity does not have to remain aligned to any sexual preference for all their lives."
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Sexual Hate Crimes, 2004.
This paper discusses that hate crimes, harassment, and belittlement based on sexual orientation are a part of life in America; murder is not common.
1,265 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the concept of 'otherness', or stigma, as a proponent of discriminatory practices dates back to the beginning of human history; stereotyping is associated with stigma in which contention is often based on a misrepresentation of the individual and the group. The author reviews ?The Laramie Project?, a play based on homosexual Matthew Shepard?s death and the aftermath of the hate crime. The paper relates that men tend to fear gay males as a threat to their definition of masculinity; thereby, the stigma of homosexuality is inflated in light of accepted stereotypes and misconceptions resulting in discriminatory practices, including murder.
From the Paper
"In 1995 Derek Henkle started his sophomore year at Galena High School in Washoe County, Nevada. He was openly gay, appearing on a local community access channel ?in a discussion about the experiences of gay high school students. Soon thereafter, several students approached Henkle at school, calling him "fag," "butt pirate," "fairy," and "homo." They lassoed him around the neck and suggested dragging him behind a truck. He escaped to a classroom and used an internal phone to report the incident to Denise Hausauer, a vice principal? (Zirkel 412). In a democratic world based on equality, such as what is supposed to exist in the United States, it would be expected that Derek would be provided with protection and the students involved would suffer some sort of disciplinary measure. Instead, the administrator, after arriving two hours after being informed, laughed, reported the incident to the principal and the matter was dropped."
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Orientalism and 19th Century Views of Sex in the Orient, 2002.
Explores traditional European views of the Orient, expeciallly with regard to views of sexuality.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
The political concept of "Orientalism" is discussed in this essay, and is examined in connection to historical contexts of 19th century Europe. This essay considers how "Orientalism" enables white Europeans to perceive themselves racially and culturally superior, and to render Asian and Middle-Eastern cultures as exotic, and as a commodity that can be consumed. The ideal of exotic Asians persists today in the form of the Asian sex-trades, and in this essay the role of sex, sexuality, and difference is critically analysed in relation to theory-work by Edward Said, and other cultural critics.
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Orientation, 2003.
A discussion of the different types of orientation in business.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses production orientation, product orientation, selling orientation and marketing orientation, including when it is appropriate to use each of these depending on the product life cycle, competition and the economic environment.
From the Paper
"The market orientation that a firm adopts varies depending on the product life cycle the level of competition within the market and external factors such as the economic environment. Companies are likely to modify their market ..."
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Organizational Learning Orientation, 2007.
This paper investigates the correlation between corporate learning orientation and profit.
2,228 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that it has long been known that corporations with a positive learning orientation develop the knowledge contained within their organization better than others, and that their employees have generally more satisfaction in their jobs. The writer points out that many companies, such as HP and Dell, have leveraged organizational learning to create measurable profit. The writer maintains that what is not known, generally, is how well different learning orientations translate to the bottom line. The writer claims that it is important to discover this relationship, because organizations have choices to make concerning the learning orientation they will adopt, and should be given some guidance as to the estimated return on investment for each learning orientation. This research project is directed towards discovering this relationship between organizational learning orientation and corporate profit.
Outline:
Introduction
Organizational learning: Learning orientation
From the Paper
"In order to investigate the correlation between learning orientation and the bottom line, we must first define learning and then identify and define the various learning orientations of corporate organizations. By amalgamating the various theories of learning with a functionalist approach, we can simplify it and define it as acquired knowledge, both domain and procedural, which is applicable to solving current problems and transferable to future problems of the same or different types. In other words, we learn when we acquire information in human usable form (knowledge) which can be used to solve a current problem, or be applied to future problems, or when we become able to initiate a particular set of actions to resolve a current problem or future problems."
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