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"Sex, Diet, and Debility in Jacksonian America", 2005.
An Examination of Stephen Nissenbaum's "Sex, Diet, and Debility in Jacksonian America: Sylvester Graham and Health Reform".
976 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In the early 20th century, Sylvester Graham developed a dietary regimen that sought to strike a balance between emotions, naturalism, and spirituality. While many of his concepts, particularly concerning sexual excesses contributing to ill health, have since been debunked, some of these approaches to health maintenance have been refined and expanded in the years since and remain influential today. This paper provides a review of Nissenbaum's book, "Sex, Diet, and Debility in Jacksonian America: Sylvester Graham and Health Reform:", as well as the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature, to determine what Graham's concepts involved, the social reform efforts that emerged during this period in American history, and the impact that these trends had on the American consciousness. A summary of the research and salient findings are presented in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Summary
Evaluation
Extension
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The main purpose of Stephen Nissenbaum's book is to describe Sylvester Graham's impact on the healthcare reforms taking place during this period of American history. In this book, Nissenbaum links the beginnings of physiological theory and the new commercial economy of Jacksonian American with the later Victorian healthcare reforms. Like his Kellogg cereal counterpart in the movie, "Wellville," Graham was responsible for bringing the wholesome graham cracker snack to the American public, and ultimately creating a multi-billion dollar cereal industry in the United States. The American obsession with "six-pack abs" did not start with Graham, but he was the creator of the graham cracker and believed that dietary and sexual excesses were the primary causes of disease. "
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Sex and Love in "She Being Brand" and "Sex Without Love", 2001.
Compares the two poems for style, themes, and use of language.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the combination of sex and art, looking at two poems where the poets have made an attempt to work out where sex and love connect. The erotica of Sharon Olds' poem "Sex Without Love" is explored, as well as E.E. Cummings' sensual poem "She Being Brand".
From the Paper
"Two terms seeming to often coincide, making love and poetry. The act of making love, sex, and sensuality are greatly utilized topics in writing, painting and even music. However, some may argue that this combination, sex and art, is odd in our media drenched America. Today, Eros parallels pornography and explicit sexual content, both ?located on a continuum of erotic desire and dread? (Ostriker 327). Many poets have made an attempt to conquer the tangles and complications of sex and love, drawing connections between love of bodies and love of mind, leaving the abstract to the sensuous and the logical to the emotional. Sharon Olds, author of the poem ?Sex Without Love,? presents her audience with physically and sexually charged poetry. From no angle do her poems disguise erotic desires."
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Dieting, 2002.
This paper looks at the relationship of diet humor to diet culture.
21,400 words (approx. 85.6 pages), 41 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper examines diet jokes and the Israeli women's attitude towards the diet culture. An analysis of jokes connected to dieting. An examination of the attitudes of women towards the pressures of dieting by relating to the themes revealed in diet jokes. The thesis is supported by interviews with Israeli women and participation in an Israeli weight watchers group.
Contents
Chapter 1:
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Origins of the ?Diet Culture?
1.3 Diet Culture Ideology
1.4 Feminist Critique of the ?Diet Culture?
1.5 Studying Culture through Humor
1.6 Overview of Following Chapters
Chapter 2: Field Methods:
2.1 The Field
2.2 The Research Population
2.3 Participant Observation as a ?Native Anthropologist?
2.4 Text Analysis
Chapter 3: Diet Humor
3.1 The Difference between Diet Jokes and Fat Jokes
3.2 Themes in Diet Humor:
A. Diet Rules and Practice
B. Diet Products
C. Diet Culture Ideology
D. Clothes and Fashion
E. Diet Culture, Food and Social Interaction
Chapter 4: Discussion and Conclusions
4.1 Diet Humor as Resistance
4.2 Diet Humor as Solidarity between Women
4.3 Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix
From the Paper
"This M.A. thesis is an ethnographic study of humor produced and used by young Israeli women who are part of the Israeli ?diet culture?. The goal of this thesis is to answer the questions: what is ?diet humor?? How does it relate to ?diet culture?? What impact does it have on the everyday lives of young women in Israel and to answer the additional question: does the appearance of ?diet humor? signify a form of resistance to the prevailing ?diet culture?? As I will discuss further on in this chapter, ?diet culture? is very closely linked to consumer culture (Bordo, 1995, Featherstone, 1991) and the capitalist market (Turner, 1982). Advertisers and the mass media, which are financed by advertising, construct its images. Purchasing and using a range of aggressively marketed diet ?products? carry out its practices. In Israel, that seems to idealize American culture, many diet culture images and products have been imported from the USA and are currently being marketed by Israeli companies."
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Sex Offender Rehabilitation, 2007.
A review of literature looking at the success of using victims of sex offenses in sex offender treatment programs.
6,033 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 29 sources, MLA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
The literature review presented in this paper, focuses primarily on the historical origins of using victims in sex offender treatment programs. The paper further explores the nature of empathy, guilt and shame and the relationships shared among each of these variables. The intent of the review is to provide valuable feedback related to the efficacy of concurrently using each of these variables in treatment programs geared toward sex offenders.
Outline:
Introduction
Historical Overview Using Victims In Sex Offense Rehabilitation
Theories of Empathy
Theories of Guilt and Shame
Relationship of Guilt/Shame and Empathy: Effects on Intervention
Concurrent Use of Empathy, Guilt and Shame in Therapeutic Intervention
Literature Review Summary
Discussions/Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"Guilt and shame are often intimately tied to criminal acts involving sex offenses. There is a body of research suggesting that the presence of guilt and shame among sex offenders may inhibit any efforts toward building empathy within the scope of a rehabilitative treatment program. Kubany & Watson (2003) for example suggest that the construct of guilt has received relatively little attention from researchers but may have a negative impact on programs designed to help build empathy among sex offenders. They propose a multi-dimensional model to measure the magnitude of guilt one may experience after a negative event, suggesting that the more guilt a sex offender feels the more likely the guilt is to affect their ability or capacity to express empathy."
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More than Two Sexes, 2001.
This paper explains that although Western culture recognizes only two sexes, other sexes exist as well.
1,830 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 2 sources, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the possibilities of more than two sexes from a biological and sociological viewpoint. The paper points out the problems faced by those who do not fit into the two sex definition.
From the Paper
"The definition of intersexuality sets a basis to be able to group Sterling?s ?five sexes? into their own subgroups. The standard medical definition of intersexuality or intersex refers to the three major subgroups with some mixture of male and female characteristics, which include: the ?herms,? ?ferms,? and ?merms.? The hermaphrodites or ?herms,? posses one testis and one ovary, the productive gonads. In some cases, with the true hermaphrodites, the testis and ovary grow separately but bilaterally. In other people, they grow together within the same organ, forming an ovo-testis. ?Usually the sperm cells or eggs function quite well, along with the production of sex hormones such as: estrogen and androgen.? (Taylor 99-101)"
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Diet Ads, 2002.
Explores deceptions in advertisements for diets and the effects on public health.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
Advertising has long been associated with unreasonable claims, in fact, we have come to expect them. Advertisements quite often imply qualities about the products and people within the context of the ad that are simply impossible. Over the long-term, our culture has grown to accept advertisements as a fiction into which we are drawn for 30 seconds. During that time, the viewer suspends disbelief because of the formula at play and simply accepts the fiction that surrounds the product. In the realm of diet advertising, however, such fictions have turned out to be potentially dangerous or even deadly. Diet product and diet advertising has long made irrational claims about enormous changes in the body over impossibly short periods of time. Research shows that the level of false advertising in commercials for diets and diet products is staggeringly high. The FTC found that 55 percent of weight-loss ads make claims that lack proof or very likely are false (Eggerton, 2002). In fact, this problem has been ongoing since one of the first false-advertising in diet commercials claims was made; in 1993, the Federal Trade Commission charged that five of the nation's largest commercial diet-program companies have misled consumers by making unsubstantiated weight-loss claims and by using deceptive testimonials ("FTC Accuses Five Diet Programs of Deceptive Advertising", 1993; Cordes, 1993). It is proposed that research will demonstrate that the effect of false advertising (and thus false expectations) about diets and diet products has resulted in a greater health crisis in relation to weight than ever before.
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Diet Ads, 2002.
Discusses deceptive diet ads and their effect on public health.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 10 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Advertising has long been associated with unreasonable claims, in fact, we have come to expect them. Advertisements quite often imply qualities about the products and people within the context of the ad that are simply impossible. Over the long-term, our culture has grown to accept advertisements as a fiction into which we are drawn for 30 seconds. During that time, the viewer suspends disbelief because of the formula at play and simply accepts the fiction that surrounds the product. In the realm of diet advertising, however, such fictions have turned out to be potentially dangerous or even deadly. Diet product and diet advertising has long made irrational claims about enormous changes in the body over impossibly short periods of time. Research shows that the level of false advertising in commercials for diets and diet products is staggeringly high. The FTC found that 55 percent of weight-loss ads make claims that lack proof or very likely are false (Eggerton, 2002). In fact, this problem has been ongoing since one of the first false-advertising in diet commercials claims was made; in 1993, the Federal Trade Commission charged that five of the nation's largest commercial diet-program companies have misled consumers by making unsubstantiated weight-loss claims and by using deceptive testimonials ("FTC Accuses Five Diet Programs of Deceptive Advertising", 1993; Cordes, 1993). It is proposed that research will demonstrate that the effect of false advertising (and thus false expectations) about diets and diet products has resulted in a greater health crisis in relation to weight than ever before.
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Deviant Behavior & Sex, 1987.
Sociological study of extramarital, premarital & marital sex, sex research & abortion.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"Sociological theory has identified behavior that is outside the norms of a society to be deviant behavior. This report will present the major theories of deviant behavior and will discuss premarital sex. The major sex therapists will be identified in part three, and the controversy of abortion will be presented in part four.
Theories of Social Deviance
Social living is, by definition, living according to the regulations of a group (Horton and Leslie, 1982). Those regulations may be formal, as the codified laws of a society, or informal norms, such as the customs and expectations of a society. Deviant behavior occurs when a person or group of people violate the norms of a society. There are several theories regarding why deviant behavior occurs."
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Fad Diets, 2004.
An examination of the effect of fad diets on heart disease.
1,528 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This work briefly discusses the effects of fad diets on heart disease. Low-carbohydrate diets or all protein diets, such as the Atkins diet, are addressed, as their recent popularity among dieters is significant. The paper also analyzes diets that remove a great deal of fat from the diet, all carbohydrate diets, and combination protein and carbohydrate diets. The paper focuses on the cardiovascular reaction to these diets.
From the Paper
"Within this small body if knowledge there are many conjectures about the lack of long-term results associated with fad diets such as the low-carbohydrate, high protein diets other than by those who profess that they work as a rout that seriously contradicts the view of many health care professionals, including doctors and nutrition specialists. These professionals obviously demonstrate a marked level of disregard for fad diets of any kind as they often do not represent a diet that offers the individual a balanced selection of food. Yet, those with the most the say contradict the all protein diets as the potentially most damaging to the body. "You will lose weight in the first week on these diets, but past that, they lack essential nutrients, and it is an unbalanced way of eating. It lacks fruits and vegetables and whole grains. Eating high-fat and high-cholesterol increases the risk of heart disease and tests the kidneys." (Goff 1)"
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Vegetarians and the Atkins Diet, 2002.
A paper investigating the effect of low-carbohydrate diets, specifically the Atkins diet, on vegetarians.
1,628 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This essay focuses on the vegetarian aspects of the Atkins diet, specifically the consequences of this diet on vegetarians. The paper discusses how the the diet is a successful option for meat eaters who wish to loose weight within a short period of time but could be potentially detrimental to vegetarians. The paper focuses on how a vegetarians can accomplish the induction period of the diet, and the problems that vegetarians face attempting low-carbohydrate diets, which omnivores do not have to worry about. It illustrate some of the better known consequences of this diet from scientific findings, opinions of those who have tried it and from personal experience. The paper concludes with some ideas of how a better diet could be created for vegetarians who do wish to lose weight using some of the basics of the science found in the Atkins diet.
From the Paper
"To be on the Atkins diet involves an induction period of two weeks. In this initial two weeks, which is known as the ?kick start? to the diet, the dieter is to take in less then 20 grams of carbohydrates a day. This means absolutely no wheat or grain products, no sugar or candy of any kind, and no fruit, just to name of few of the product groups forbidden during induction. The scientific purpose of induction includes, breaking certain food addictions, making the switch within your body from carbohydrate burning to fat burning, as well as stabilizing the body?s blood sugar levels. ?The name Induction signifies that its purpose is to induce weight loss by changing your body's chemistry so that you will achieve lipolysis and the secondary process of ketosis.? The rules of induction are fairly simple, and the basics are eat regular meals, eat liberally, and watch for hidden carbohydrates. Most importantly it suggests following the acceptable food lists provided by Dr. Atkins."
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Sex Trafficking in Vietnam, 2005.
Focuses on sex trafficking and slavery involved in the Vietnamese sex trade industry.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This report focuses on the sex trafficking and slavery involved in the sex trade industry in Southeast Asia, with a particular emphasis on sex trafficking in Vietnam. Also included are reasons why sex trade has become a commercial economy in the country and recommendations for putting an end to child sex trade and the risk of the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted disease. The paper includes a discussion of how sex trafficking involves the Vietnamese American community.
From the Paper
"Prostitution in Southeast Asia primarily due to sex trafficking and slavery has grown so rapidly in recent decades annually that the sex business has assumed the dimensions of a commercial sector ..."
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Single-Sex High Schools, 2005.
Research proposal for studying how students that attend single-sex high schools are affected by the lack of contact with the opposite sex.
1,016 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This research proposal addresses the impact that single-sex high schools have on those who attend them. The proposal includes a discussion about the problems associated with single-sex schools, as well as an examination of single-sex schools and co-ed schools. The paper examines the consequences of attending a single-sex high school and then moves on to a co-ed college in terms of academic, relationship, and human nature issues. The paper also discusses some of the drawbacks expected from attending a single-sex school and asks what the outcomes of those assumptions are. Relevant literature is reviewed and a method of study is proposed.
From the Paper
"When students enter college they are expected to have both the experience and maturity to handle the venture. Students are expected to be able to interact with many different types of people from both genders. They are expected to understand how to have a platonic relationship with the opposite sex so that teams, projects and other things can be fully experienced by all of the students. It is presumed that attending coed schools leading up to the college years will prepare the students for the college experience. During high school students get crushes, learn to study with and participate in class activities with the opposite sex and generally by the time they attend college they have moved past the giggly girls of middle school or the boys who become tongue tied when faced with female companionship."
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Sex and Commitment, 2005.
This paper contends that sex should involve some form of commitment.
1,698 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Relationships are complex and can be complicated by a longing for a lasting commitment. For this reason, many have opted to simply have sex without any type of commitment (sex with no strings attached). Others hold the belief that sex is a pledge to be committed. The purpose of this discussion is to explain why sex must involve commitment.
Outline
Introduction
Sex Without Commitment
Definition of Sex From a Noncommittal Point of View and Differences Between Men and Women
Sexual Freedom
Sex with Commitment
Definition of Sex from a Committal Point of View
Adverse Affects of Noncommittal Sex
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another reason why some believe that sex should be committal is the adverse effects of noncommittal sex. They assert that there are social, physical and emotional ramifications to noncommittal sex.(Mathewes-Green) The social ramifications have to do with the stigma that is attached to people (mainly women) that engage in noncommittal and or promiscuous sexual acts. In addition, noncommittal sex can lead to unwanted pregnancies, which increase the number of individuals that are dependent upon the welfare system. (Mathewes-Green) Unwanted pregnancies also increase the number of abortions that are performed and the overall being of our society is jeopardized when unwanted children are born to mothers that are immature and not ready to parent. "
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Anne Fausto-Sterling: The Five Sexes System, 2002.
An overview of Anne Fausto-Sterling's five-sex system of the society as presented in her book "Sexing the Body".
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the five-sex system of the society, which was presented by Anne Fausto-Sterling. Her book, "Sexing the Body" discusses the two-gender system and shows how and why it should be replaced with five sexes system. She maintains that society consists of more than two genders and it is important to include three more sexes to the list as that would help in creating a more balanced and less confused society.
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Sex Has Been Gender All Along, 2007.
An examination of the re-framing of the concepts "sex" and "gender".
1,686 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper re-frames the concepts of "sex" and "gender". In this paper the term "sex" refers primarily to biological traits, while the term "gender" refers to the behaviors associated with a particular biological sex, rather than merely the biological sex itself. The paper shows that the existentialist Simone de Beauvoir was one of the trailblazers who opened up this field, while Judith Butler completely re-framed the concepts of "sex" and "gender." The paper then points out that Butler's re-framing moved the spotlight from a subject self with a biological sex/gender, to a performance of gender. The paper also looks at how this re-framing of "sex" and "gender" has had the consequence of freeing gender expression from previous restrictions - at least theoretically. The writer concludes that no gender positions are natural, or entirely dictated by biology. Rather, they are all constructed.
From the Paper
"Up until around the middle of the 20th century, it was almost universally believed that gender is assigned by biology, so that maleness inevitably implies masculinity, and femaleness inevitably implies femininity. It was also widely assumed that all infants are born clearly and indisputably either one sex or the other, and that once they reach sexual maturity they will inevitably and universally wish to choose a sexual partner of the opposite sex. This group of assumptions is sometimes referred to as biological essentialism (Butler; Fausto-Sterling, Sexing the Body; Salih)."
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