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Segregation and Health, 2002.
A research proposal to examine residential segregation in terms of health factors.
2,423 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study to examine some of the literature developed on the interaction of segregation, discrimination and health. Its hypothesis is that segregation creates a life-long pattern of lowered resistance to both physical and mental health problems, even if the person has a positive attitude toward life and seems accepting of social conditions. It attempts to show that individuals who are most bruised by segregation in terms of self-esteem, are even more vulnerable, as are several categories of African-Americans, including rural blacks early in the century and African-Americans in more segregated locales.
Outline
Introduction
Literature Review
Methods
Results
Discussion
From the Paper
"There are a number of studies in the literature looking at residential segregation in terms of health factors. For example, Jackson et al. (2000) reported on the relationship of residential segregation to all-cause mortality. Her research group used data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study for analysis, concluding that minority residential segregation may indeed increase mortality risk for both black and white residents. They noted that after adjusting for family income, age-adjusted mortality risk increased with increasing minority residential segregation among blacks aged 25 to 44 years and non-blacks aged 45 to 64 years. They also noted, that for most age/race/gender groups, the highest and lowest mortality risks occurred in the highest and lowest categories of residential segregation. In other words, increased mortality rates were associated with increased segregation, while decreased mortality rates were associated with decreased segregation. It is important to remember that this is after adjustment for family income, which is one factor that might immediately come to mind as an explanation for these figures."
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Crime and Residential Segregation, 2006.
This paper studies the correlation between crime and segregated and non-segregated neighborhoods.
2,267 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the theory that segregation of a neighborhood is a strong correlating factor determining the rate of crime in that area. Researching in a strong criminologist mindset, the paper touches on economic deprivation, the influence crime has on social change, social organization, adversity in black neighborhoods and police action in different segregated areas. The paper concludes that the higher the segregation in a neighborhood, the higher the rate of crimes and arrest.
Outline:
Economic Deprivation
Crime Influences Social Changes
Rising From the Ghetto
Social Organization
Adverse to Black Neighbors?
Police Action in Different Segregated Areas
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Subsequent research demonstrates that at any given point in time the racial composition of an individual suburban community or of a suburban region is a strong independent predictor of its level of violent crime" (Liska et al, 1998). As embarrassing as it may be, it is safe to say that segregation still exists in the United States. Minorities in America have been given many rights since the 1960's and 1970's and many eyes have been opened to embrace being blind to the color of a person's skin. Unfortunately much of the country is segregated, mainly whites from non-whites. How does this segregation affect crime? What is the correlation between crime and segregated and non-segregated neighborhoods?
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Residential Segregation, 2006.
An in-depth analysis of how racial residential segregation effects Latino communities in the U.S.
5,900 words (approx. 23.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 140.95
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Abstract
This paper covers the issue of racial residential segregation with a focus on how it effects the Latino community in the United States. This paper addresses the major issues surrounding racial residential segregation including the supposition that neighborhoods (property) inhabited by blacks and Hispanics decrease property value and discriminatory gate keeping behaviors.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Racial Residential Segregation in the United States Since the 1968 Fair Housing Act
Reasons for Racial Residential Segregation
Racial Residential Segregation and Hispanics in the United States
Effects of Racial Residential Segregation on Hispanics in the United States
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Sociologists and policymakers have long viewed racial residential segregation as a key aspect of racial inequality, implicated in both intergroup relations and in larger processes of individual and group social mobility" (Charles, 2003, p. 167). Charles' (2003) research indicates that where a person lives affects their proximity to good employment opportunities, quality education and safety from crime. The product of where one lives will be seen in the quality of education and employment via their socioeconomic status."
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Inner City Segregation, 2002.
A comparative analysis of inner city segregation in "American Apartheid" by Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton and ?When Work Disappears? by William Julius Wilson.
1,084 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how segregation is still a prominent problem in urban inner cities throughout America today. It looks at how Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton, in their work, "American Apartheid", outline the causes of segregation in inner city as primarily the fault of realtors, bankers, and wealthy, white suburbanites, who move out of cities in search of cleaner living. William Julius Wilson, in his work ?When Work Disappears?, also acknowledges the predominance of segregation in urban inner cities. It discusses and demonstrates how both works support the fact that racial segregation is an issue in inner cities and how both provide different theories as to the cause.
From the Paper
"Massey and Denton also point out that other minorities do not face the same segregation that blacks do. In certain neighborhoods or ?chocolate cities? the use of BEV or black English vernacular has become common, further segregating the black and white populations . Black children who grow up speaking segregationist BEV have a more challenging time in school, and experience culture shock when presented with traditional English grammar . On page four, the Johnson Administration is quoted as stating ? discrimination and segregation have long permeated much of American life, they now threatened the future of every American. ?"
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Racial Segregation in Law, 2004.
A discussion of the history of racial segregation laws in the United States.
1,954 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines two famous legal cases that involved racial segregation in the United States:the 1896 case of "Plessy vs. Ferguson", for the ending of racial segregation in public train cars; and "Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas" (1954), for racial inclusion in public schools. It shows how these cases set the precedents for ending of racial segregation de jure, but it took society longer to implement this de facto.
From the Paper
"Racial segregation remains one of the most fundamentally perplexing questions within the body of American history. Many people erroneously believe that the racial and social structures that existed prior to the close of the civil war in 1865 resulted in both fundamental and rapid changes for those who had been subjugated by slavery, immigration and even war. The truth is far more complicated and changes were much more gradual. The reality of segregation was both social, legal and economic and to some degree still exists today, in a de jure manner. ?Although de jure segregation in the United States is most commonly associated with the South, segregation could be found at one time or another in every section of the country.? (Finkelman, 2003) ("South, The " Columbia Encyclopedia, 2000) Though the fundamental struggle of the civil rights movements has largely forced the eradication of de facto, or legal segregation de jure, or mostly social traditional segregation is still evident."
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James Baldwin and Racial Segregation, 2008.
This paper examines the phenomenon of racial segregation in the essay "Notes of a Native Son" by James Baldwin
1,623 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This study analyzes the premise of racial segregation through the familial, educational, and social background found within James Baldwin's essay "Notes of a Native Son." Baldwin's father is an example of the racial construct of family that drives Baldwin's desire to find a better life as a writer. The writer notes that, in many instances, Baldwin presents a rhetorical narrative that defines the victimization of his race through his father, which is paramount to proving that segregation is a real phenomenon in American society. In essence, the writer concludes that the basis of a familial, educational and social background reveals the tenets of racial segregation that was a major part of Baldwin's life as an African-American writer.
From the Paper
"Another aspect of Baldwin's essay relates to the problem of social upheaval that occurred and how it affected his family. Not only was his father deeply cynical of whites and their role of aggression towards African Americans, but there was also the symbolic threat of rioting that had occurred when his father had died. In many Ways, Baldwin feels a parallel social influence on his family that made an impression on his mind. The riot that were taking place in Harlem acted in tandem with Baldwin's father's death, thereby activating a sense of purpose in his life. He certainly saw a cause in combating racial segregation because of the damage it caused to his society. This is the sympathetic relationship that he viewed in his father, but was part of the ongoing build up of violence during the Civil Rights era .."
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Racial Segregation, 2008.
An analysis of the theories behind the trends of racial segregation in Washington DC.
2,728 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper analyses the census data of Washington in order to reveal significant points and trends and more especially incongruities or oddities. It discusses theories regarding racial segregation and discusses the relationship between capitalism and the class aspect of racial segregation. The paper argues that current trends in Washington and similar trends in cities such as Atlanta appear to have their source in the escalating process of globalization.
Outline:
Introduction
Census Data Analysis
Overview of Segregation
Immigrants and Residential Patterns
The Impact of the Post-Industrial Economy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The effectiveness of racial enclosure policies was demonstrated in Washington in 1947 when more than 97 percent of blacks were found in the District (Manning, 1998). Segregation escalated until the 1970s with whites moving away from the District as blacks continued to move in. This racial shift whereby by 1970 nine times the number of blacks were situated in the District as in suburban Washington is explained by urban apartheid (Manning, 1998). From this very sudden change in racial composition there developed a second sudden change in demographics between the District and the suburbs since the population of the suburbs eventually was comprised of 85 percent of former residents of the District (Manning, 1998). The same pattern was observed with the development of satellite cities far away from the center of Atlanta. The white population then left the inner city, and African Americans became the majority within it (Miller, 2002)."
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Racial Segregation in the Church, 2008.
An examination of the reasons for racial segregation in the church looking at it from a Biblical, sociological and ethical context.
2,055 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper will examine the reasons why during the time of the American Civil Rights Movement, African-American religious integrity was challenged through segregation, racism, church participation and religion. It also looks at the possible solutions to segregation, specifically the changes made by Martin Luther King Jr. The first section of the paper explains segregation in a Biblical, sociological and ethical context. It examines religious limitations that were place on the African-American society, as well as the violence directed at it. Finally, the paper questions why the church was reluctant to participate in desegregation.
From the Paper
"How is segregation justified through the Bible? It is not when it is motivated by hatred. The story of Noah's son has nothing to do with race and the curse of Babel was for sin. The Bible separates people by faith and believer. Race, national origin, wealth, and education are not scriptural and mock Christ and his love for all people. Jesus wants us to come to him and when churches refuse to allow Christian blacks to worship in their church, it becomes a serious problem in our country's psyche and Jesus' sacrifices. This issue becomes more alarming through denying blacks the right to vote, ending discrimination in public places, the right to free association with any man, equal enforcement laws and adequate education. Blacks at this time did not receive these rights and were seen as dumb and dishonest. The affects of slavery help salvage the attitude and the progression of blacks a problem as they saw whites as cruel, dishonest and selfish."
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School Segregation in St. Paul, 2002.
This paper studies the school segregation controversy in St. Paul, Minnesota in the 1970s.
7,601 words (approx. 30.4 pages), 47 sources, MLA, $ 166.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the way in which the unofficial segregation in housing in St. Paul led to school segregation in the city. The writer then traces the process whereby integration of elementary and secondary schools was resolved. The paper brings sources that illustrate how the changes were brought about, including a look at Memphis where Martin Luther King, Jr. was instrumental in bringing about federal enforcement of racial integration of public accommodations.
From the Paper
"St. Paul was typical of this situation, inasmuch as housing and employment patterns had the effect of concentrating minorities in poor neighborhoods with poor nearby schools and facilities. In these neighborhoods, there were fewer property owners, fewer property taxes paying for that target nearby schools. What Maslow explained (154) about New York city, that northern metropolitan-area ghettos "create school populations that for all practical purposes are almost completely segregated," was true of St. Paul, one of the northern cities where roughly one-half of all American blacks lived by the 1960s. In the context of the 1960s civil rights movement that had evolved after the 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education the South had been targeted for social transformation by civil rights activism, anti-segregation court decisions, and other laws in ways that the North had not. Now it was the North's turn. Now it was St. Paul's turn."
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Segregation vs. Desegregation, 2002.
The effects of segregation on black businesses in New York.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper is is on the effects of segregation vs. desegregation in black businesses in New York . It includes references to contrasts on the segregation of black business compared to the desegregation that ended in 1965 New York State.
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Residential Segregation in the United States, 2003.
The history, tactics and effects of African-American residential segregation in the U.S.
3,461 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the history of African-American residential segregation, such as how and why it began in the United States. It also discusses tactics used to perpetuate residential segregation and the continued sociological, economic and political effects that this practice has on African-Americans.
From the Paper
"Racial residential segregation is a major social issue that has undergone extensive research. Within any major American city, one may find neighborhoods that are racially and ethnically homogenous. Some racial and ethnic groups may choose to live amongst people of similar backgrounds, but these patterns become a problem when the causes of the homogeneity stem from racism and discrimination. Although all racial ethnic groups are likely to experience residential segregation to a certain degree, segregation is higher for African Americans than for any other group. Residential segregation has been declining in recent years, but it remains a prevalent institution in society to this day. This leads one to ask the question, why does residential segregation still exist for African Americans and what are its continued effects on society?"
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"Theories of Occupational Segregation by Sex", 2007.
A critique of the article "Theories of Occupational Segregation by Sex: An Overview," by Richard Anker.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, in the article "Theories of Occupational Segregation by Sex: An Overview", author Richard Anker looks at how severe occupational segregation is when it comes to the sex of the individual. It looks at how Anker discusses many different options for why women are not treated the same way as men when it comes to working and what kinds of jobs that they can be accepted for. In addition, the paper discusses how Anker points out that women are still not comparably paid, even when they have the same employer and the same job description as a man.
From the Paper
"One of the most significant issues with this article, however, is how in-depth Anker (1997) gets. Instead of simply glossing over the issue and saying that there is occupational segregation based on sex because employers do not think that women and men can do the same kind of work, Anker (1997) addresses the many issues that surround it, such as the absenteeism that women often display. This absenteeism is seen for many reasons, including increased family responsibilities (Anker, 1997). These family responsibilities are just a part of life for most women today, as they are expected to handle everything at home and still work as well. It is no surprise that these women sometimes miss work or are late for work. "
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Racial Segregation, 2004.
A historical analogy of racial segregation.
1,228 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how segregation, which was established by the Jim Crow laws of the Civil War period and ended in the 1960s with the Civil Rights Act, saw the public separation of blacks and whites. It looks at how, nearly a century later, the Jim Crow laws of the late 19th century, along with the reversal of the Civil Rights Act of 1875, were re-examined for their constitutionality. In particular, it discusses how two important cases were Plessy vs. Ferguson, which established the legal mode of ?separate but equal?, and Brown vs. Board of Education, which ended racial segregation. It attempts to show how the historical analogy of these two events demonstrates that history helps to define our actions, allowing us to learn from past mistakes and generate new and better ideas for the future.
From the Paper
"The civil rights struggle focused on reversing legal decisions made in the late 1800s, which were also supported for the first half of the 1900s. The eventual provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ending racial segregation was the result of an accumulated effort to organize individuals and groups to resist the acceptance of ?separate but equal.? The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) organized in 1909 with the mission to renew the civil and political liberties of all disadvantaged people, like the blacks who suffered the most under discrimination. The NAACP launched numerous public protests advocating the improved treatment of blacks. As the court cases that led up to legalized segregation established white dominance, the likewise assertion by groups like the NAACP and other civil-minded individuals, whites included, brought new cases to the Supreme Court."
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Southern Segregation, 2006.
This paper provides an analysis of the book about segregation; "Killers of a Dream" by Lillian Smith.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how "Killers of a Dream" reflects the author's view of society following the civil war and the southern mentality that continued to force segregation. Lillian Smith, the book author, provides a view of the south that was quite controversial in her time. The paper explains that the view existed from the perspective of the poor whites who struggled for survival in a land that was dominated by wealthy male superiority. The author contends that it was this social omnipotence that southern males believed that they possessed that segregated people not only by race, but by social class and gender.
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Gender Segregation in the Canadian Workplace, 2008.
This paper discusses the issue of labor segregation in Canada in the 20th century, looking at various related articles.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer refers to papers that help to explain gender segregation in the Canadian workplace in the 20th century and subsequent developments including the Canadian Labor Movement's gradual attention to women and developments seeing women more often in unionized environments that lessened gender divisions. The writer notes that all of the articles are helpful to an understanding of topics broader than matters of labor and women for they allow glimpses of a Canadian society and culture quite transformed. The writer maintains that each paper should probably be read with consideration of all that the Canadian state did not provide to generic citizens or workers, imagining the orientations of workers, and employers, to what was acceptable or desirable, and possible, in a post-colonial economy of much alteration between the turn of the 20th century and the turn of the 21st century.
Outline:
Introduction
Graham S. Low on Clerical Work, 1901-1931
Craig Heron, Changes to 1945 and Beyond
Into the Present - a Reflection
From the Paper
"Women were associated with family roles, first and foremost and as was true for another generation, those able to pursue professions usually did not marry. The under-reported women doctors graduated by several Ontario universities after the 1880s, for instance, chose their vocations ahead of family life, a convention then respected. Low's clerical workers of the business sector did not expect or particularly want advancement, but learnable jobs providing income and some security so as to maintain their household roles, too."
"By the end of World War I, women attended business colleges where they learned stenography. Low's article is of a kind focused on women's labour in relation to capitalism, of course, so unless a reader is curious, there can be no wider awareness of women who were performing differently in the public sphere, not the least of which were more than 4,000 Canadian military nurses serving on the Western Front and in the Middle East through the course of World War II. Of course, Low's point is to indicate how women became expected as office workers of particular kind, low paid and without advancement. Their situations were common but by no means general from 1901 to 1931."
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