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In Search of Solidarity - The Dominican Republic's Long Struggle For Political, Societal & Economic Stability, 2001.
This paper is a historical description of the Dominican Republic from establishment until the present.
3,505 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a chain of events from the establishment of the Dominican Republic that would, over the space of the next five centuries, work to shape the political, societal and economic face of this Caribbean country. It describes the continuing conflict between the powers of Spain and France and the history of instability in politics as well as in society and economy. The paper gives an overview of the economic situation, the societal culture as well as an outlook for the future. It concludes that today, when international interference has subsided, the Dominican Republic will be able to progress and develop.
From the Paper
"The thought of Christopher Columbus' first voyage of discovery in the late fifteenth century leads most of us to mentally envision the coast of North America and what has since come to be known as the country of the United States. When Columbus first sailed the ocean blue in the year 1492, however, he discovered a host of other uncharted territories, among them an island made up of mountainous terrain and rolling, fertile valley situated between the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic Ocean that he called La Isla Espanola, or Hispaniola (Weil et al PG). Preliminary interaction with the native Taino, or Arawak, Indians led Columbus to immediately claim the territory in the name of Spain and to make subsequent attempts at settlement and excavation over the next few years. Settlement was finally established in the southern region of the island, in what is now known as the city of Santo Domingo, the largest city within and capital of the independent country currently known as the Dominican Republic (Weil et al PG)."
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Discrimination in the Dominican Republic, 2007.
This paper describes the discrimination in the Dominican Republic, as portrayed in the novel 'The Farming of Bones' by Edwidge Danticat.
1,087 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the injustice and suffering in the Dominican Republic, which is demonstrated in Edwidge Danticat's novel 'The Farming of Bones'. The writer notes that by writing her brilliant story, Danticat remembers this farming of human bones. The writer points out that the story is set in a terrible time during the dictatorship of Rafael Leonidas Trujillo in the Dominican Republic, where race, discrimination and politics are among its theme. Further the writer describes that the author illustrates a novel in which history and fiction are connected in a persuasive way to learn and critique the regime of Trujillo. The writer concludes by noting that discrimination and apprehension continue between Haiti and the Dominican Republic, where culture and beliefs are diverse in countries that share the same land.
From the Paper
"Edwidge Danticat concentrates in the history of Haitians cane workers, and the massacre of them in the Dominican Republic. Due to a growing xenophobia under the rule of Generalissimo Trujillo, the Dominicans were told to purify the country. Trujillo clandestinely arranged the massacre of hundreds of immigrants in the Dominican Republic most of them sugarcane workers from Haiti, the country with which the Dominican Republic shares the island named "Hispaniola". In Trujillo's approach, the Haitians immigrants, whom he considered them inferior people, because of their color of skin had simply become too abundant in the country. Thus, a wave of genocide which annihilates the Haitian population is justified."
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The Dominican Republic and the U.S., 2006.
An analysis of the relationship between the Dominican Republic and the United States.
3,346 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the relationship between the Dominican Republic and the United States between the historical period of 1960 and 2000 was long-standing, sometimes mutually symbiotic, but more often than not, was sycophantic in nature on the part of the Dominican Republic and imperialistic on the part of the United States. This paper is concerned with the presentation of how the relationship between the two countries has evolved throughout the centuries and whether it has been for the better or for the worse.
Outline
The U.S. Role
The Dominican Republic Role
From the Paper
"President Ulysses S. Grant's appeal for the Annexation of Dominican Republic is without a doubt, one of the most important documents in the history of the bilateral relations between the U.S. and the Dominican Republic. It explains the position of the American President regarding the commercial viability of the Dominican Republic that the nascent empire looked to gain if able to annex this territory. This request to the Congress was delivered at a time when the Dominican Republic had just become an independent republic. With significant eloquence, Grant's address to the Congress responds to the question of why the U.S. should annex the Dominican Republic. This appeal was followed in December of 1870 by Charles Sumner's speech, who gave a rousing monologue on the Senate floor against the proposed annexation of the Dominican Republic."
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Dominican Republic - A Political History, 2006.
A discussion of the history of the Dominican Republic and its rise to independence.
1,998 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the political history of the Dominican Republic from the early 1800s to present day. It looks at the various leaders and their impact on the country's development and political stability. The paper concludes that the country's development has been very unstable and has thus been kept from economical development. The writer believes that the Dominican Republic has a long road ahead with creating a developed state, but with all the great international support there is hope for its future.
From the Paper
"Most of the Dominican Community see Spain as "la Madre Patria" (the Motherland), this bring somewhat of a euphoric connection to the country causing a movement to migrate to Spain. There has been an alternative movement towards migrating to Spain because of the language similarities and visa exemptions toward Dominican Republic until 1985. An option to migrate to a Western European State such as Spain was an alternative to those who did not have family or other contacts in New York or the United States. The break down of Dominican migrants' population group: most migrants are female; most come from small villages of the Dominican Republic and have little or no formal education. When these groups journey to Spain, they come across being very isolated from the community and do not integrate with the Spaniard community. Xenophobic Spaniards exist within Madrid where most of the population views color of their skin, and difference of culture as a huge problem (New North African Immigration to Spain). The Embassy of the Dominican Republic official count of migrants reach towards 5,000 nationals, in an unofficial report they state that as many as 15,000 undocumented migrants live within the state (Dominican Migration). Dominican Immigrants mostly make up a part of the informal Market because in most cases those who migrate do it for Economic Prosperity. The two groups work in different ways when dealing with migrating to the U.S. and Spain, the Dominicans mostly women, tend to stay for a short period of time in the domestic house maid work for several months then leave back to the D.R. and open up a business in their home town village and men who migrate at a more limited bases for construction (Forging an Immigration Policy). In the late 19th Century to the early 20th Century the U.S. had a policy placed by Congress to apply for a visa that required a literacy requirements, and which also had a classification process in which the "undesirables" "from immigration were prevented from coming in such as convicts, lunatics, alcoholics, vagrants, and anarchists, among others." These policies were made to move cultures that were more likely to assimilate in the English language and mach the white American Anglo Saxon complexion and this did not favor Dominicans (Immigration Policy)."
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The Dominican Republic From 1844 -1864, 2002.
This paper narrates the political history of the Dominican Republic through the turbulent years of 1844-1864.
2,085 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a period (1844-1864) in the history of the Dominican Republic during a period when the country gained independence; suffered through corrupt, ruthless leadership; experienced several revolutions; repelled repeated invasions from Haiti and became a Spanish protectorate. This paper states that the pattern of rule by caudillos, or military strongmen, such Pedro Santana and Buenaventura Baez, was established during these years. The author believes that it is unfortunate that the Dominican Republic never got the kind of government and leaders that it needed during this period and, in many ways, is still suffering today from the effects of these early years.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Independence and the Establishment of a Government
Santana?s First Term
The Accession of Baez
Alternating Regimes
Spanish Annexation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In 1844, a group known as La Trinitaria, co-founded by a young idealist named Juan Pablo Duarte, decided to bring their plan for establishing the independence of the Dominican Republic from Haiti to fruition. Aided by a wealthy rancher, Pedro Santana and his cowboys, the group seized Santo Domingo and its fortress on 27 February 1844. Other key conspirators were Tomas Bobadilla and Ramon Mella. A junta was formed, and Bobadilla was made president. Manuel Jimenes, a Trinitarian was made vice president."
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The Dominican Republic, 2002.
A brief insight into the demographics, culture, economy and politics of the Dominican Republic (DR).
1,006 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Dominican Republic located in the Caribbean, on the eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti. It provides basic facts and figures about the country and looks at the factors that effect day to day society and living as well as the effects of globalization.
Outline
Demographic Profile
Unique Cultural Features of Society in the Dominican Republic
Major Economic and Political Developments
A Major Change in the DR?s Society
From the Paper
"The Dominican Republic was once ruled by Spain. However, in 1697, Spain recognized French dominion over the western third of the island, which subsequently became Haiti. The remainder of the island, which is known as Santo Domingo, tried to gain independence in 1821, but was conquered and ruled by the Haitians for two decades. In 1844, this potion of the land acquired independence as the Dominican Republic in 1844. For more than a century, the Dominican Republic was largely unsettled and unrepresentative. However, in 1966, when Joaquin Balaguer became president, the rule of the country changed. Balaguer was in power for three decades until international reaction to flawed elections ended his reign. Since then, regular competitive elections have been held to elect the president. As a result of this improved political structure, the DR economy has had one of the fastest growth rates in the area."
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Dominican Republic under Trujillo, 2002.
An analysis of Rafael Trujillo's exercising of military power and economic monopoly in the Dominican Republic combined with United States compliance to the proliferation of dictatorship from 1930 until 1961.
3,640 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper first provides a brief history of U.S. relations with the Dominican Republic (1869-1930) and the establishment of the Dominican National Guard by the United States. It examines the U.S. endorsement of Trujillo and Trujillo's subsequent military rise and the election of 1930. The structure and impact of the Dominican Army is analyzed along with the Dominican economy and American investments and Trujillo's economic monopoly.
From the Paper
"From 1930 until 1961, a ruthless dictator named Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina ruled the Dominican Republic. As a result of his actions as dictator, Trujillo can be accurately described as an ambitious, corrupt, intelligent megalomaniac. In order to maintain absolute control for thirty-one years, Trujillo ran his administration with efficiency and expediency. Trujillo ascended to power in the Dominican Republic through military accomplishment in the Dominican National Guard, an army established by the United States in 1916, during Marine occupation. Throughout Trujillo?s dictatorship, the United States continued as a willing participant, both diplomatically and politically. Once securely in a position of power, Trujillo used several tactics in order to maintain his status until his rule as dictator ended with his assassination in 1961. These tactics included the establishment of a single-party state, forced intellectual and educational conformity, and the regular use of a secret police. However, of all the tactics used by the dictator himself, the most effective means of control were his use of both ruthless military power and economic monopoly on the domestic population. Trujillo?s methods of gaining and retaining absolute power in the Dominican Republic, coupled with United States influence during his regime, resulted in the proliferation of his dictatorship from 1930 until 1961."
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The Dominican Republic, 2001.
This paper examines the articles and reports on the Dominican Republic's long struggle for political, societal and economic stability.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The following paper looks at the combined elements of chaotic transition and developmental diversification that have traditionally hovered over the Dominican Republic . The author explores the continuing influence and effect that have resulted from the merging of these divergent factors.
From the Paper
"The same white beaches and blue waters that drew Columbus to discover the shores of the Dominican Republic some five hundred years ago continue to draw the interest and attention of modern researchers and writers. In recent years, a wealth of information has been studied and published regarding the various factors that have historically shaped the political, societal and economic cultures of this Caribbean country as well as the forces and influences that continue to affect it today."
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Dominican Republic and Haiti, 1994.
A history of the relations and conflicts among the two nations and the U.S. and the discrimination against Haitians in the Dominican Republic.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 15 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"The Conflict Between Haitians and Dominicans Within the Dominican Republic
Introduction
This research examines the conflict between Haitians and Dominicans within the Dominican Republic. The nations of Haiti and the Dominican Republic jointly occupy the island of Hispanola in the Caribbean. Because Haiti is an even poorer (economically) country than is the Dominican Republic, the migration from Haiti to the Dominican Republic tends to be much heavier than the reverse migration from the Dominican Republic to Haiti.
As a consequence of the migration, a substantial population of Haitians resides and works within the Dominican Republic. Economic migration of this sort is frequently associated with conflict..."
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Interventions in 1965 Dominican Republic and 1983 Grenada, 1994.
This paper evaluates the justification for the American and British interventions in 1965 Dominican Republic and 1983 Grenada: Just vs. unjust wars, legality, leadership, major issues, strategy, public views and opposition.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"... delineates the conception of just and unjust wars and states that no war can be just on both sides, though a war can be unjust on both sides. In general, war is unjust for the one at fault and just for the defender against aggression. ... indicates how the legalist paradigm of aggression has been used to differentiate between the two, between the just and the unjust war. This paradigm begins with the domestic analogy which holds that aggression is the international equivalent of armed robbery or murder. ... points out that international society is and is not like domestic relationships, but to the degree that it is like domestic relationships, the legalist paradigm may suffice to demonstrate who is at fault. International aggression is worse than domestic crime because the threat is so much greater and there is no policeman to act as protector."
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The Dominican Republic, 2005.
This extensive paper presents a detailed history of the Dominican Republic.
6,720 words (approx. 26.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 153.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Taino Indians inhabited the island at least 5,000 years prior to Christopher Columbus' discovery of America; these natives were eliminated by smallpox, which Columbus brought with him. The author points out that the Trujillo administration for more than thirty years made massive spending in building infrastructure; however, the despot himself, his family and his associates cornered the major part of the monetary gains. The paper relates that the pattern of the last 500 years of abysmal poverty and complete government mismanagement and corruption by the people in power has continued with the election of President Leonel Fernandez, who made the things ever worse when he depreciated the currency to the dollar by 50% and enhanced taxes and prices to insure poverty for his people.
From the Paper
"During the late 1970s, the pace of economic growth demonstrated a shortfall while the sugar prices varied and the quadrupling of oil prices that initiated in 1973 converted the terms of trade of the nation to become negative. Progressive deficits in the balance of payments, reducing revenues of the government coming out of the extensive tax exemptions, and growing expenditures on state-operated companies quickly enhanced the national debt. During the early 1980s, oil prices again enhanced to a great extent, the international recessions diverted the local economy, and sugar prices hit a forty-year low, and never before high interest rates on foreign loans threw the economy into the whirlwind of balance of payments deficit and growing external debt."
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The Mirabal Movement in the Dominican Republic, 2007.
A discussion of the novel, "In the Time of the Butterflies" by Julia Alvarez about the courage of the Mirabal sisters.
1,248 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper portrays how Julia Alvarez's novel, "In the Time of the Butterflies," employs brilliant descriptions to depict the severe reality that Trujillo's regime imposed on the Dominican Republic from the 1930s to the 1960s. The paper illustrates how Julia Alvarez humanizes the story of violence and injustice in the Dominican Republic and opens doors into the souls of the Mirabal sisters. The paper highlights how Alvarez stresses the need to see the Mirabal sister personalities as leaders of revolution, as people who fight their own fears to fight injustice in the Dominican Republic.
From the Paper
"Of all the Mirabal sisters, Minerva is by far the most confrontational. Minerva has no fear and stands up to anyone, no matter what his or her position of power is, in this case Trujillo's regime. She is the one most identified with the resistance against Trujillo because of her beauty, her public rebellions, her conspicuous intelligence, and her leadership in the underground movement. Alvarez exhibits these same attributes in her Minerva, especially her vehement, outspoken hatred of injustice in any form. Often Minerva's rash actions are a problem to her goal to end the dictatorship of Trujillo."
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Dominican Republic, 1999.
History & evolution of social, economic & political systems, poverty, class conflict and relations with Haiti; focuses on ethnic & gender issues & human rights.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 15 sources, $ 87.95
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From the Paper
"ETHNICITY, GENDER AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
This research paper discusses ethnicity, gender and human rights in the Dominican Republic. The ethnic origins of its peoples have played an important role in shaping its social, political and economic institutions. Racial tensions have uniquely bedeviled relations between the dominant mulatto majority and blacks, especially those of Haitian origin.
Gender conflicts have not been especially significant because of the dominance of machismo culture, but women have a degree of economic power. Human rights have been largely ignored and are emerging as a significant issue as the Republic begins to modernize and to strive for greater political maturity and social justice during the post-Trujillo period."
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The Reign of Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, 2005.
A look at the reasons why Rafael Leonidas Trujillo was able to remain in power as a dictator of the Dominican Republic for such a long period.
2,567 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there were possibly several reasons that Rafael Leonidas Trujillo was able to ascend to power in the Dominican Republic and maintain his dictatorship for so long, but that the key factor among these reasons was his control of communications.
Keeping an Iron Fist over the Means of Expression
The Structure of Society and the Maintenance of Dictatorship
Nationalism
Political Maneuvers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is hard to understand why a repressive regime can hold power for a long period, especially in view of the modern world and instant communication. However, in the case of less developed nations in the era before instant communication, understanding how a cruel dictatorship could hold an entire nation in its grip becomes easier. While the Communists believed that he who controlled the heartland controlled the world-at least in the case of the U.S.S.R.-the tin pot dictators in Latin America did not intend to control the world, simply their own people and society. It was, therefore, a much easier task. There were no great distances to overpower, and the smaller distances were full of jungles and other inhospitable terrain, arguably effectively preventing effective massing of any sort of revolutionary force; in the case of islands, the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba by the United States is a case in point. It is difficult even to invade a tropical island to help whatever insurgency might be lurking within."
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Democratic Republic of Congo, 2005.
This paper discusses the geography, including the history and economy, of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
1,675 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Democratic Republic of Congo, formerly known as Zaire, has been plagued with ethnic turmoil and civil war, exacerbated by the massive influx of refugees from Rwanda and Burundi, which has reduced a once prospering country into a state of turmoil. The author points out that there are over 200 African ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of Congo of which the majority of these are Bantu. The paper explains that the U.N.'s Human Development Index (HDI), which is a composite of human development indicators, such as longevity, knowledge and education, and economic measurements, is a better system of determining living standards than the GDP alone; Democratic Republic of Congo ranks very near the bottom. Many graphs and charts.
Table of Contents
Democratic Republic of Congo Background
Introduction
Geographic Placement
Ethnic Composition of the Democratic Republic of Congo
Religious Composition of the Democratic Republic of Congo
Colonial History of the Democratic Republic of Congo
Form of Government for the Democratic Republic of Congo
Main Sources of Economic Activity
Structure of the Economy of Democratic Republic of Congo
Economic Background
Nominal and Real GDP Per Capita for the Previous 10 Years, in US$
Nominal and Real GDP Per Capita for the Previous 10 Years, in LCU
Comparison of Two Graphs
Life Expectancy
Adult Literacy Rate
Primary School Enrollment Rate
Human Development Index (HDI)
HDI Formula
HDI Versus GDP
5 Obstacles to Economic Development in the Past 5 Years
Actions that Could be Taken to Overcome These Challenges
From the Paper
"Currently the country is under a dictatorship and is presumably transitioning towards a representative government; however, this has yet to be realized. A 500-member transitional National Assembly, along with a 120-member Senate was installed in July of 2003. These members were drawn from groups that signed the Pretoria Accord in December 2002. Elections were scheduled to be held in June of 2005; however, these are not likely to take place. Instead, it is likely that the transitional government will remain in place until the early part of 2006. President Joseph Kabila heads this transitional government. The transitional government includes an executive president, four vice-presidents, and a cabinet that is drawn from five armed groups, the unarmed political opposition, civil society, and the previous government of Joseph Kabila."
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