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Steps in the Scientific Method, 2005.
This paper examines the scientific method and how it is used.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores the scientific method. The writer describes and defines the phrase scientific method. The writer then studies how the scientific method is used. In this paper, the writer outlines an example of use of the method in order to determine why the grass on one lawn is dead, while that on the neighbor's lawn is healthy.
From the Paper
"The scientific method is the process by which scientists collectively over time construct an accurate representation of the world. The first step is to observe and describe some phenomenon which is of interest. Next a hypothesis is developed to explain the phenomenon. In the third step, the hypothesis is used to make predictions about new phenomena or the results of these new phenomena. Fourthly, these predictions are tested by experimentation or further observation. Steps three and four are then repeated until consistent results are obtained. This often ... "
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The Scientific Method, 2004.
A look at the steps involved in the scientific method for verifying a scientific fact.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the steps involved in the scientific method and gives some examples of the concepts involved in the idea. It describes some experiments which used scientific method, and defines what is needed to make a hypothesis.
From the Paper
"The scientific method consists of a number of logical steps that are taken to verify a process situation or scientific fact. It begins by the development of axioms and assumptions which are usually made on the basis of observations by the scientists, e.g., Vesalius made the first accurate description of the arterial and venous systems of the human body based on first-hand observations he gained from dissection of a number of human bodies. "The accuracy of observations gains..."
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Scientific Method and the Earthworm, 2002.
This paper explains the scientific method, the role of Rene Descartes in science and scientific information about the earthworm and then concludes with an elementary school project.
1,195 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper commences by discussing, in detail and in a style that is easy to understand, the six steps of the scientific method. The next section of the paper presents Rene Descartes, mathematician and author of a text on physiology and psychology. Next, the author presents a detailed discussion of the earthworm. He designs an elementary education experiment project that uses the scientific method on earthworm segmentation. The author concludes that the earthworm is fascinating to watch as it moves and wiggles.
From the Paper
"Rene Descartes was a believer in the scientific method. His works often disagreed with the Catholic churches. He had a commitment to the scientific method with a vast array of other subjects. Mathematics was his greatest interest. Descartes wrote a text on physiology and psychology. He said that emotion was finally the physiological base and argued that the control of the physical expression of emotions controlled the emotions "
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The Scientific Method, 2006.
A discussion and description of the scientific method.
1,583 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a history of the scientific method of thought and explains its purpose, as well as the steps involved in the scientific process. The paper further explains that the scientific method is very closely related to science, the process of human inquiry that is a major aspect of today's modern world and, that, despite the fact that this method appears simple and logical in its explanation, we should still recognize the complexity that is involved in gaining new knowledge that can be applied to other situations in the future.
From the Paper
"The term "science" denotes both a certain type of activity and its results (Wolman 1960, p. 497). Frequently, delineation is made between the actual "research" conducted and the resulting "system," which are both described as scientific. Scientific research is aimed at the discovery of truth and a scientific system includes propositions, statements or sentences that represent this truth (Wolman 1960, p. 497). Whitehead (1911 p. 157) noted that common sense is "a bad master for the evaluation of knowledge." Science revolves around the terms "systematic" and "controlled." Scientists systematically build theoretical structures and exam them for any existing inconsistencies. Further, in scientific research, the scientist attempts to delete variables that are potential causes of the effects and not those that are hypothesized to be causes."
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Scientific Method, 2005.
This essay examines the various steps of the scientific method.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes the steps of the scientific method. In this article, the writer offers an example of scientific method through the discussion of an experiment conducted using such method. In the second part, the paper explains the differences between living and non living things. The writer also discusses why some people believe that fire is a living thing. The writer concludes by explaining why fire is not living.
From the Paper
"The scientific method is a method of analyzing a scientific problem in a systematic way. In this method the scientist does not make assumptions, leap to conclusions, or make decisions based on feeling. This method is strictly based on observable facts. The five basic steps to the scientific method are research problem hypothesis problem, experimentation and project conclusion. To initiate an investigation, the scientist first selects a project topic to investigate. Then he researches it by collecting information on it from a variety of sources ... "
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Case Study: The Scientific Method, 2006.
A case study using the scientific method of problem solving.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews a case whereby the scientific method is used to solve a problem with a garden lawn. According to the paper, the lawn is short, brown, dry, and dead, while the neighbor's lawn is lush, tall, green, alive, and healthy. The first application of the scientific method raises the question "Why is the lawn dead while the neighbour's is alive?".
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Scientific Method, 2004.
This paper explains the scientific method and applies it to two experiments.
1,133 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper shows how the scientific method of experimentation is used. The paper offers two examples of this process, one about growth hormones in eels and the other about distribution of black-legged ticks on animals. The paper focusing on eels mainly centers around testing; other steps were surely performed in some way, but are not clearly explained in the text. The paper focusing on the ticks is very straight-forward and includes each of the steps of the scientific method, one after the other.
From the Paper
"The scientific method is a process that has been used for ages, in one way or another. This method consists of a series of generalized steps that can be used to make new scientific discoveries. These steps include: Observation, Question, Hypothesis (Explanation), Prediction, and Test (Experiment) (Campbell & Reece 2002). These steps are not always followed in order, but most studies commonly use some form of this hypothetico-deductive reasoning (Campbell & Reece 2002). I have examined two biological research papers in order to compare their uses (if any) of the scientific method."
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The Scientific Method, 2002.
An analysis of the evolution of the scientific method that resulted from Scholasticism and Humanism.
7,238 words (approx. 29.0 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 161.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the religious philosophies and teachings of Scholasticism and Humanism, followed by a discussion of the various permutations these have caused since their inception. It provides an analysis of how the scientific method emerged from this environment and a description of real-world applications of these principles in the classroom today. This is followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion. Several graphics are also provided.
Outline
Introduction
Review and Discussion
The History of Discovery
A. Physics
B. Astronomy
C. Chemistry
The Rise of Scientific Experimentation and Famous Experiments
A. Galileo
B. Newton
Methodology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Religious Philosophies and Teachings. Scholasticism is the philosophic and theological movement that attempted to use natural human reason, in particular, the philosophy and science of Aristotle, to understand the supernatural content of Christian revelation. It was dominant in the medieval Christian schools and universities of Europe from about the middle of the 11th century to about the middle of the 15th century. The ultimate ideal of the movement was to integrate into an ordered system both the natural wisdom of Greece and Rome and the religious wisdom of Christianity."
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Scientific Method, 2002.
This paper defines and analyzes the tenants of the scientific method, a procedure for the empirical investigation of a problem.
827 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
According to the paper, the procedure includes observation, deduction and research question development, hypothesis formation and experimental testing. The writer illustrates how employing the scientific method consists of seven steps-- observation; idea; logic, major and minor premise; hypothesis, necessary conclusion; hypothesis testing and experimental design; data evaluation; and results interpretation.
From the Paper
"Step four, hypothesis with necessary conclusion, involves the development of a testable hypothesis. When the hypothesis is generated, valid selection criteria must be used. This criteria includes the following: multiple working hypotheses, with a minimum of null and principle hypotheses; objectivity; presentation which seeks to gain knowledge rather than to presume outcome; falsifiability, hypotheses must be susceptible to adverse developments; consideration of the most parsimonious hypothesis when multiple equal ones are given; and the hypothesis must be logically valid (Gastaldo, 1999, pp. 1-2)."
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The Scientific Method and the Morality, 2002.
This paper discusses high and low road approaches to scientific theorizing.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the moral questions related to the ongoing ethical debate within the profession of physics.
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Moral Standards and Moral Consistency, 2008.
This paper explores the moral standards in the associations of Eberhard Faber, Incorporated.
1,049 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the decision to allow Eberhard Faber to associate with known bribe-givers. The paper is of the opinion that this association seems like an affront to the moral consistency requirement demanded of any credible moral standard. The paper contends that respecting the law in some, but not in all, circumstances makes a mockery of the organization's avowed commitment to legal dictates and therefore is inherently immoral.
From the Paper
"Before going too far, the stakeholders in this situation need to be listed. Obviously, the share-holders of Eberhard Faber are one significant stake-holder; so too is the Board of Directors and, especially, the key principals (Mr. Faber and Mr. Carey) who offer widely divergent views on how to approach this matter. Not to be forgotten, the other company involved is a stake-holder as it could lose a major deal with an American company - a deal it would seem to covet. Lastly, IRS and legal consultants who convinced Mr. Faber that the deal was above-board and breached no US laws are stake-holders with credibility on the line (for a lengthier discussion on all of these parties, please see "Eberhard Faber, Inc.," n.d.). In the end, many people stand to win - or lose."
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Nietzsche, Morality, and the French Revolution, 2000.
This paper is a reconstruction of Nietzsche's moral theory in "On the Genealogy of Morals" and its application to the moral-political philosophies of the Old Regime and the French Revolution.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper is an examination of Nietzsche's "On the Genealogy of Morals" and its relation to the historical context in which it was written. A parallel is drawn between Nietzsche's view of the historical evolution of morality and the development of the moral-political philosophies of the Ancient (Old) Regime and the French Revolution. The Ancient Regime is associated with Nietzsche's idea of "good, bad" morality, while the French Revolution is connected with "good, evil" morality. Some other issues discussed are the idea of the slave revolt and the morality of Napoleon.
From the Paper
"Every civilized society is concerned with its moral fabric: the ethical and behavioral norms that all citizens are expected to obey. Morality, on its surface, appears to be a philosophical issue. Some people speak of a universal morality, beyond time and devolving upon all people equally. In this way, they explain the prevalence of certain moral laws, for instance, the prohibition against murder, in almost every society. Others view morality as a subjective concept, yet still one with philosophical origins. They maintain that many societies possess laws against murder because each group of people has made an independent philosophical evaluation, and determined that the value of life is something they as cohabitants of the same state all uphold. For Friedrich Nietzsche, both of these approaches are fundamentally flawed."
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Frederick Taylor's Scientific Management Movement, 2007.
An analysis of the lasting effects of Frederick Taylor's scientific management movement.
1,758 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
Many theories and methods have been devised to help managers organize their work areas, processes and workers toward the greatest possible good since the emergence of the factory in the 1800s. This paper examines how one such idea is Frederick Taylor's (1856-1915) scientific management method. It looks at how the founding idea behind the theory is the concept that the principal object of management should be to secure the maximum prosperity for the employer, coupled with the maximum prosperity for each employee. The paper also examines how Taylor's theories can be seen in many organizations that exist today and in particular looks at how they are used in the processes that characterize the popular fast food chain MacDonalds.
From the Paper
"Taylor's theory centered around the concept that management and the workforce should work in tandem for a mutual benefit, but that it was essential for management to make benefits directly applicable to the employee who worked hard. He noted that "there is no question that, throughout the industrialized world, a large part of the organization of employers, as well as employees, is for war rather than peace" (Taylor, 1911: 67). In order for an organization to prosper, Taylor argued, it was necessary for the organization to enable and encourage the employee on an individual basis to reach their full efficiency. "In a word, that maximum prosperity can exist only as the result of maximum productivity" (Taylor, 1911: 68). The only way to encourage the individual to strive to their full efficiency, though, was to enable them to receive some kind of direct benefit, such as a higher wage for a higher productivity. "
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The Father of Scientific Management ? Frederick Winslow Taylor, 2006.
An analysis of Frederick Winslow Taylor's seminal work detailing his philosophy on scientific management, "The Principles of Scientific Management".
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper studies "The Principles of Scientific Management," the definitive philosophical work of Frederick Winslow Taylor, published in 1911. The author assesses Taylor's philosophy, which is based on four principles: (1) developing the best work method for every job; (2) scientifically selecting and developing workers; (3) combining the best work method and the best workers to complete the task according to that method; and (4) co-operation of managers and non-managers. The paper concludes by looking at modern day examples of Taylor's philosophy in action, particularly in the franchise industry.
From the Paper
"Frederick Taylor was depicted as the "father of scientific management". Taylor believed it was the management of an organization that was the key to solving any industrial problem. He was one man that recognized that there was no incentive for workers to increase their productivity rate because they might just work themselves out of a job. He also believed that hourly or daily wages were also no incentive to increasing productivity. Most of the ideas in scientific management were already known before Taylor's time. Taylor's contribution was to combine them into one, all-inclusive philosophy. His definitive work was The Principles of Scientific Management, first published in 1911."
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"Morality in Practice", 2002.
An analysis of morality for the lower class struggle in "Morality in Practice" by James Sterba.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper will seek to understand how James Sterba in his book "Morality in Practice", seeks to understand the justification for morality to the poor. By understanding the arguments he presents, we can see a valid formation of morality for the lower class struggle.
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