| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT PIONEERS": |
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Scientific Management Pioneers, 2002.
An examination of the lives and accomplishments of Lillian Gilbreth, Fredrick Taylor and Charles Bedaux.
1,887 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the life and works of three scientists in the field of scientific management. It evaluates how the three leaders have benefited numerous companies throughout the world and how each pioneer in one way or another has been able to increase productivity by lowering unnecessary unit work loads. It looks at the life of Dr. Lillian Gilbreth, the wife of Frank Gilbreth who was a pioneer in the industrial engineering field. It examines her education and her work in the shadow of her famous husband and against sexual discrimination. Fredrick Taylor is noted for his famed motion studies and his overall work principles have been transported all over the globe. The third scientist is Charles Bedaux who established his first management consultancy firm in Cleveland in 1916 and his work in measuring human energy has provided the basis for many work programs.
From the Paper
"Frank Gilbreth was most known for his passion for studying efficiency. Gilbreth logically examined how repetitive tasks were performed, such as the movements and motions of sports players, physicians, disabled individuals, and factory workers. He then described methods that a person could do that would enable them to perform the task the ?one best way.? His theories were designed to save people time through a more efficient use of the body?s movements. Much is known about Frank Gilbreth, but his wife Lillian Gilbreth, was also a pioneer in the industrial engineering field as well. Lillian seemed to be in her husbands? shadow, but she herself was also a pioneer of scientific management. "
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The Scientific Method, 2004.
A look at the steps involved in the scientific method for verifying a scientific fact.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the steps involved in the scientific method and gives some examples of the concepts involved in the idea. It describes some experiments which used scientific method, and defines what is needed to make a hypothesis.
From the Paper
"The scientific method consists of a number of logical steps that are taken to verify a process situation or scientific fact. It begins by the development of axioms and assumptions which are usually made on the basis of observations by the scientists, e.g., Vesalius made the first accurate description of the arterial and venous systems of the human body based on first-hand observations he gained from dissection of a number of human bodies. "The accuracy of observations gains..."
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Scientific Method and the Earthworm, 2002.
This paper explains the scientific method, the role of Rene Descartes in science and scientific information about the earthworm and then concludes with an elementary school project.
1,195 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper commences by discussing, in detail and in a style that is easy to understand, the six steps of the scientific method. The next section of the paper presents Rene Descartes, mathematician and author of a text on physiology and psychology. Next, the author presents a detailed discussion of the earthworm. He designs an elementary education experiment project that uses the scientific method on earthworm segmentation. The author concludes that the earthworm is fascinating to watch as it moves and wiggles.
From the Paper
"Rene Descartes was a believer in the scientific method. His works often disagreed with the Catholic churches. He had a commitment to the scientific method with a vast array of other subjects. Mathematics was his greatest interest. Descartes wrote a text on physiology and psychology. He said that emotion was finally the physiological base and argued that the control of the physical expression of emotions controlled the emotions "
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The Father of Scientific Management ? Frederick Winslow Taylor, 2006.
An analysis of Frederick Winslow Taylor's seminal work detailing his philosophy on scientific management, "The Principles of Scientific Management".
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper studies "The Principles of Scientific Management," the definitive philosophical work of Frederick Winslow Taylor, published in 1911. The author assesses Taylor's philosophy, which is based on four principles: (1) developing the best work method for every job; (2) scientifically selecting and developing workers; (3) combining the best work method and the best workers to complete the task according to that method; and (4) co-operation of managers and non-managers. The paper concludes by looking at modern day examples of Taylor's philosophy in action, particularly in the franchise industry.
From the Paper
"Frederick Taylor was depicted as the "father of scientific management". Taylor believed it was the management of an organization that was the key to solving any industrial problem. He was one man that recognized that there was no incentive for workers to increase their productivity rate because they might just work themselves out of a job. He also believed that hourly or daily wages were also no incentive to increasing productivity. Most of the ideas in scientific management were already known before Taylor's time. Taylor's contribution was to combine them into one, all-inclusive philosophy. His definitive work was The Principles of Scientific Management, first published in 1911."
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"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions"--A Review, 2007.
A review of Thomas Kuhn's influential book, "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions."
2,744 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews Thomas Kuhn's book about scientific advances entitled "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions." The paper focuses on several key elements and definitions in the work, with an emphasis on the concept of the scientific paradigm. The reviewer then discusses the role of paradigms in scientific revolutions, citing Kuhn's theory that revolutions appear when an old paradigm is substituted by a new one. Finally, the paper presents Kuhn's view of the past, present, evolution and future of science. The reviewer further describes Kuhn's view of the importance of crises in facilitating the evolution of science. The review concludes that Kuhn 's theory of paradigm and paradigm shifts gives a revolutionary description of scientific progress.
Outline:
Thomas Kuhn's Concept of Paradigm
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
The Past, Present, Evolution and Future of Science
Reference List
From the Paper
" First of all, Kuhn (1996) introduces the notion of "normal science", that is, according to him, the science that bases its research on previous research which is recognized as valid by a scientific community. (p.10) It is the structure of normal science that the book proposes to investigate. Furthermore, Kuhn (1996) argues that the most salient aspect of scientific evolution in time is the fact that science does not progress through leaps or through unrelated sets of investigations. On the contrary, scientific research is always conducted under a paradigm, or, to put it differently, all research is based on previous scientific data. The scientific paradigm can be defined as a certain common pattern in scientific research, or a certain set of accepted world views that are held as true for a period of time. The paradigm is thus a set of common beliefs about the world, based on past research. "
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Human Resource Management in the 21st Century, 2001.
This paper discusses the issue of human resource management in the 21st Century while also providing a history of this practice.
3,100 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 17 sources, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the history of human resource management leading to the modern day. It examines the difficulties and challenges which are faced in this profession as well as the conveniences which are experienced due to breakthroughs in technology.
From the paper:
"In today?s ever-changing business world Human Resource management is an integral part of a companies success or failure. Human Resources departments ?balance the demands of several different roles: business partner, internal consultant, operational and administrative expert and both employee and employer advocate.? (Brown, 1998, para 8)
"The modern ideas of HR management have their roots in early 20th century theorem and New Age innovation. The managing of people, as a resource vs. just personnel is an improvement pioneered in the latter half of the past century. Differing schools of thought exist on the best way to achieve HR enlightenment. Some value structures while others take a more free form approach. Whatever the dogma, the ultimate desired end result is a competitive advantage over the competition and staying power in a volatile business environment."
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Kuhn s Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2002.
Provides an overview of Thomas Kuhn's approach to understanding scientific knowledge.
1,191 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
Thomas S. Kuhn's structural account on the production of scientific knowledge constructs a generalized picture of the process by which a science is born and undergoes change and development. This paper explains that for Kuhn, science is a social system. It looks at how Kuhn analyzes the structure of scientific revolutions using several key concepts. He uses the term paradigm for an archetypal experiment or problem solution that implicitly tells scientists how to look at the world. This paper discusses how Kuhn's thesis about scientific authority utilizes the notion of normal science which he defines as science that uses a past achievement as a model and guide for formulating and solving new problems about the world which are based on paradigms. In addition, scientific revolutions occur when one paradigm is replaced by another. The writer also explains that as a result, paradigms play an important role in both normal science and scientific revolutions.
From the Paper
"The production of scientific knowledge undergoes six main steps. The first is a pre-paradigm stage in which the natural phenomena that later form the subject matter of a mature science are studied and explained from widely differing points of view. Next comes the emergence of a paradigm, embodied in the published works of one or more recognized scientists, defining and exemplifying the concepts and methods of research appropriate to the study of a certain class of natural phenomena, and serving as an inspiration to further research by its promise of success in explaining those phenomena. The third stage in the development of scientific knowledge is a period of normal science in which theories are explored and scientific puzzles are solved. A critical stage is the discovery of natural phenomena that violate the expectations governed by paradigms. In this stage, new theories are designed to explain these anomalous facts and then an abrupt transition to a new paradigm takes place in which a new conceptual and methodological framework arises which replaces the old. The final stage in the structure of scientific knowledge is the continuation of normal science within the new paradigm. This continues until the whole process repeats itself."
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The Scientific Method, 1995.
Discusses the substance of rationality and the scientific method. Focuses on the insights of Paul K. Feyerabend into the relationship between theory and reality. Attempts to suggest a more humble but hopefully more accurate definition of scientific logi
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
In modern American society scientific rationality appears to represent the supreme intellectual perspective. Science and its "logic" is often presented as the ultimate arbiter of truth and value. However there are perspectives quite critical of this "immaculate conception" of science and the scientific method. The analysis which follows will focus on the insights of Paul K. Feyerabend into the relationship between theory and reality and in the process suggest a more humble but hopefully more accurate definition of scientific logic.
The Scientific Method
Feyerabend (1987) has pointed out how scientific progress is only incidentally rational. He maintains that science advances by ..."
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Organisational Learning and Knowledge Management, 2005.
A look at the emergence of organisational learning as a management tool.
3,421 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how organisational learning is now accepted as a central, rather than peripheral organisational variable, with its competitive value widely recognized. It looks at how the concept of organisational learning is seen to have broad analytical value, because of its emphasis on dynamic, changing relationships and emergent phenomena and how it is seen as a critical complement to managerial theory. It also discusses how a knowledge-creating company is a rich setting for the investigation of organisational learning and its associated knowledge processes. Knowledge-creating companies can be seen as pioneers, given their everyday emphasis on knowledge creation and learning.
Outline
Introduction
Why a Learning Organisation and Knowledge Management?
Core Competencies of Knowledge
Examples of Success
Impediments to a Learning Organisation and Knowledge Management
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The challenge facing superior managers today is to make the effort needed to learn some of the new skills and techniques, and to put in the processes that engage their workforce in programs of continuous capability development. Knowledge management is the collection of processes that govern the creation, dissemination, and utilization of knowledge. It is the management of the organisation towards the continuous renewal of the organisational knowledge base; this means creation of supportive organisational structures, facilitation of organisational members, putting in IT-instruments with emphasis on teamwork and diffusion of knowledge into place . In one form or another, knowledge management has been around for a very long time. Practitioners have included philosophers, priests, teachers, politicians, scribes, Liberians, etc. "
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Scientific Realism, 2002.
This paper looks at scientific realism and its critics.
1,490 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the fundamentals of the faith-based scientific ideology, scientific realism. The author takes a close look at the ideas and opinions of realists and anti-realists concluding that anti-realists, though many of their criticisms are valid, are often as likely to fall prey to the same lack of critical evaluation that they claim to plague scientific realism.
From the Paper
"Mach?s argument could have been improved if he failed to accept contemporary arguments for the existence of sub-molecular particles until evidence existed that proved him wrong. In doing so, he would evoke a methodology in modern thought that many find credible: that which holds that scientific realism lacks the weight of true evidence and is more the matter of opinion than of critical inquiry and objective thought.
Scientific realism is a faith-based scientific ideology, one that maintains that we are warranted in believing in the unseen if it is posited by best explained and most popular scientific theories, which dominate by sheer weight of authority. In this sense it creates a mutualistic error - in trusting the consensus of beliefs among others were are most likely to emulate their mistakes. While mired in dogma, we can?t purport to achieve paradigm changes in thought or in reaching a new and better methodology with which to evaluate and comprehend phenomena both material and immaterial. Although the discourse of empiricists remains of interest to us, it must be remembered that every new scientific idea that is posited as contrary to existing beliefs of the nature of science and existence faces not only critical inquiry but also the inertia maintained by generations of adherents that revere even the least factually justifiable ideologies."
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Admission Essay: Scientific Medical Translation.
This paper is an admission essay to an advanced program for scientific and medical translation.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the author?s university degree thesis focused on technical and scientific matters and utilized a wide vocabulary from the medical and biological disciplines, which enabled the applicant to gain a strong grounding and preparation for technical vocabulary and an understanding medical and scientific matters. The author points out that her work for a company translating agricultural, scientific, and medical texts highlighted the delicate balance between subjectivity and objectivity in the art of translating another?s words and thoughts into another language and cultural system of ideas. The paper stresses that medical and scientific words often have a different meaning in the technical lexicon of the profession or a discipline than they do in more colloquial usage; therefore, the most gratifying aspect of her work was having a part in making the often difficult and frightening world of medicine and the sciences comprehensible.
From the Paper
"I obtained my university degree this summer, in July of 2004. I received a degree in translation and interpreting, the ?Mediazione Linguistica? (Final Mark 105/110) from la Scuola Superiore per Mediatori Linguistici Gregorio VII, Rome. Previously, in July 2000 I received my Diploma di Liceo Linguistico (95/100), Liceo Linguistico N.S. della Mercede in Rome as well. Thus, my education has revolved around this diverse and exciting European city, filled with the languages of many foreign-speaking individuals, tourists and professionals."
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The Scientific Revolution, 2006.
Examines some of the discoveries made during the European Scientific Revolution.
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The Scientific Revolution in pre-modern Europe sparked a fresh way of investigating and conceptualizing the universe. Europeans, for the most part, ceased to rely exclusively on ancient and church authorities to understand the cosmic order. The paper shows that, instead, they came to realize that people could comprehend the natural world through direct observation, mathematical reasoning and precise experimentation. Such developments had a profound impact on the course of scientific history. The paper examines a number of conceptual insights were made into the realm of scientific discourse, observation and interpretation.
From the Paper
"During the Scientific Revolution, medieval scholasticism was another area that underwent serious reconsideration by astronomers and philosophers. While Renaissance astronomers challenged medieval concepts of the universe, Renaissance philosophers such as Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes questioned medieval methods of acquiring knowledge. The dominant school of learning then was Scholasticism, which attempted to reconcile classical philosophy with Christian faith. Scholastics relied on the authority of ancient and Christian texts to answer all questions. At their best, Scholastics created marvelous systems of logic, such as the cosmological system described in Dante's Divine Comedy. At their worst, Scholastics produced endless debates over how many angels could dance on the head of a pin."
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Scientific Revolution: 1500-1700 A.D., 2005.
An examination of the Scientific Revolution, which took place in Europe between 1500-1700.
1,147 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The three hundred years between 1500 to 1700 A.D. was a period of a profound change in the thinking of the people, especially in Europe. During this time, the centuries-old beliefs of the people, which were based on dogma and religion, were challenged by a number of intellectuals who based their thinking on experimentation and mathematical analysis to understand the physical world around them. This revolutionary change in the way of thinking led to the application of knowledge to practical uses and propelled the Western world from the Dark Ages to the modern age. The significance of the period, which later came to be known as the period of Scientific Revolution, lies in the fact that the scientific developments of the time affected all aspects of the peoples' lives and led to the continuing dominance of the Western world over the rest of the world to this day. This paper reviews the developments of the Scientific Revolution and discusses their importance.
From the Paper
"During the Medieval or Middle Ages of the European history, the philosophical and scientific doctrine was dominated by the Church. Certain "truths" about the physical and natural world, based largely on Biblical studies and the Aristotle's philosophy (conveniently adopted by the Church as dogma) were considered to be undeniable. Prominent among these theories was the Aristotelian theory on astronomy that considered the earth to be the center of the universe around which all celestial bodies revolved. Other erroneous views of the time included the claim (later proved false by Galileo) that the rate at which an object fell depended on its weight, and that all matter was constructed from four basic elements--earth, air, fire and water; or the belief that that the human body contained four different liquids (called "humors") and that illness was caused by the imbalance of these "humors"."
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Steps in the Scientific Method, 2005.
This paper examines the scientific method and how it is used.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores the scientific method. The writer describes and defines the phrase scientific method. The writer then studies how the scientific method is used. In this paper, the writer outlines an example of use of the method in order to determine why the grass on one lawn is dead, while that on the neighbor's lawn is healthy.
From the Paper
"The scientific method is the process by which scientists collectively over time construct an accurate representation of the world. The first step is to observe and describe some phenomenon which is of interest. Next a hypothesis is developed to explain the phenomenon. In the third step, the hypothesis is used to make predictions about new phenomena or the results of these new phenomena. Fourthly, these predictions are tested by experimentation or further observation. Steps three and four are then repeated until consistent results are obtained. This often ... "
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The Scientific Method, 2006.
A discussion and description of the scientific method.
1,583 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a history of the scientific method of thought and explains its purpose, as well as the steps involved in the scientific process. The paper further explains that the scientific method is very closely related to science, the process of human inquiry that is a major aspect of today's modern world and, that, despite the fact that this method appears simple and logical in its explanation, we should still recognize the complexity that is involved in gaining new knowledge that can be applied to other situations in the future.
From the Paper
"The term "science" denotes both a certain type of activity and its results (Wolman 1960, p. 497). Frequently, delineation is made between the actual "research" conducted and the resulting "system," which are both described as scientific. Scientific research is aimed at the discovery of truth and a scientific system includes propositions, statements or sentences that represent this truth (Wolman 1960, p. 497). Whitehead (1911 p. 157) noted that common sense is "a bad master for the evaluation of knowledge." Science revolves around the terms "systematic" and "controlled." Scientists systematically build theoretical structures and exam them for any existing inconsistencies. Further, in scientific research, the scientist attempts to delete variables that are potential causes of the effects and not those that are hypothesized to be causes."
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