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Savings and Loans, 2008.
This paper discusses savings and loans looking at the U.S. banking crisis of the 1980s.
1,923 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses the US banking crisis of the 1980s otherwise known as the savings and loan crisis. The writer notes that the foundations of the crisis are found in the late 1960s and the 1970s when various states began to deregulate the savings and loans chartered by them. The writer points out that in the 1980s, continued deregulation and lax oversight contributed to the savings and loan crises, which ultimately cost the U.S. taxpayers billions of dollars to repair. The writer concludes that the primary question that the banking crisis of the 1980s leaves one with, is not if this type of industry transgression will occur again, but rather, when it will occur again.
Outline:
Abstract
The Crisis Foundations
Regulatory Expansion of Services
Mid Decade Industry Expansion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The US banking crisis of the 1980s centered on the failure of some of the nation's largest savings and loans (S&L) institutions and the policies and regulations that seemed to facilitate this crisis. The US banking crisis of the 1980s crisis did not, however, simply occur in a vacuum and take the nation by surprise. While its ultimate severity may have surprised some people familiar with the industry, in fact, many people recognized that the S&L crisis really had its roots in the 1960s and 1970s when market interest rate increases undermined the S&L industry's competitiveness for deposits. Thus, the foundation of the S&L crisis of the 1980s has its roots during the 60's and 70's when the original state imposed rate ceilings limited S&L competitiveness and then, subsequently, state and federally mandated policies and regulations over compensated for these earlier restrictions through aggressive deregulation."
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Accounting Firm Involvement With Savings and Loans, 1992.
A review of the history and growth of the savings and loan industry in the U.S. It also reviews the various financial instruments used by the industry and assesses the need for independent accounting to assure liquidity and viability.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"Accounting Firm Involvement With Saving and Loans
Introduction
A savings and loan association (S&L) is a financial intermediary that takes deposits and uses them primarily to finance real estate mortgage loans.. Like a bank, the aim is to earn a higher rate of return on its loans (and other investments) than the interest rate it pays its depositors. To gain depositors, therefore, it must compete with other financial institutions and instruments to attract funds. Against banks, a savings and loan must vie not only with depositor interest rates but also various services such as checking accounts. But increasingly, the competition comes from money market instruments like government Treasury bills, corporate bonds, and stocks, to say..."
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Collapse of Silverado Savings & Loan (S&L), 1996.
Analyzes firm's fall, real estate deals, role of Neil Bush, regulators' actions, overall savings & loan crisis.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
The savings and loan crisis, with the many thrift failures and the federal bailout, has come in many ways to symbolize the 1980s as a decade of unbridled greed in which the moneyed few profited at the expense of the masses. Such sentiments greatly oversimplify the situation that the thrift industry faced as the 1980s came to a close, but the savings and loans which went out of business were characterized by corruption among figures at the highest levels, and included a bright array of politicians (Charles Keating, Lincoln Savings and five Senators who eventually resigned) as well as relatives of politicians (bad loans made to associates of Neil Bush, the president's son, by a Texas savings and loan. This research examines the collapse of one savings and loan, Colorado-based Silverado, including the circumstances which led to.."
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Old Court Savings & Loan, 1999.
Examines savings & loan crisis of the 1980s & the failure of the Baltimore institution. Looks at causes, effects and the role of the Federal Reserve.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 19 sources, $ 87.95
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From the Paper
"OLD COURT SAVINGS AND LOAN: AN EXAMINATION OF AN S&L FAILURE
Introduction
This research examines the failure of the Old Court Savings and Loan Association of Baltimore, Maryland. The broader focus of this research is one failures of savings and loan (S&L) institutions in the United States in the 1980s. This analysis includes a description and an analysis of the prevailing economic and financial environment within which the failure of the institution occurred, an assessment of asset and debt management at the institution, as well as a review of the problems leading to the institution?s failure and the role of the Federal Reserve in the closing of the S&L.
A Description and An Analysis of the Economic and Financial Environment Within Which the.."
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The Savings and Loan Crisis, 1991.
This paper discusses the Savings and Loan criss of the 1980's: Background, regulations, causes and effects, investors and solutions.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 14 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"During the decade of the 1980s, many experts estimate that at least $250 billion dollars was either stolen or remains unaccounted for by some of America's Savings and Loan institutions. If one multiplies that out for the population of the United states as a whole, the figure assessed every citizen would be well over $1,000 per person, of course, that does not account for the billions of dollars that will be spent on the interest payments over the next forty years, assuming that this problem will ever be solved. One immediately must ask just how this situation came into being and what the solutions are for its resolution. Surely, with the regulatory agencies in place, a crisis of this magnitude would be impossible to imagine. Republican Representative Jim Lewis of Iowa, for instance, who had been warning of this type of situation for many years, ... "
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Lincoln Savings and Loan Failure, 1995.
Analyzes the 1989 Irvine, California, Savings and Loan collapse, causes and effects, leadership, political and regulatory environment and reform.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 12 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"LINCOLN SAVINGS AND LOAN: A CASE STUDY OF REGULATORY FAILURE
This paper summarizes, analyzes and assesses the evolution, consequences and implications of the financial collapse of Lincoln Savings and Loan Association of Irvine, California (Lincoln), including the machinations and ultimate fate of its principal owner, Charles H. Keating, Jr. (Keating). The first part of this essay deals with the way in which the Lincoln collapse developed and how it was accomplished. The second and third parts focus on the regulatory and political environment in which that collapse occurred.
The financial failure of Lincoln was the product of mismanagement and fraud practiced by Keating and his cronies on a colossal scale. Regulatory and political failures contributed to that debacle and aggravated its consequences. When they are
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Savings and Loan Crisis, 1990.
This paper discusses the Savings and Loan crisis: Overview, industry background, causes and solutions and the role of the U.S. government.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 9 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"During the decade of the 1980s, many experts estimate that at least $250 billion dollars was either stolen or remains unaccounted for by some of America's Savings and Loan institutions. If one multiplies that out for the population of the United States as a whole, the figure assessed every citizen would be well over $1000.00 per person. Of course, that does not account for the billions of dollars that will be spent on the interest payments over the next forty years, assuming that this problem will be solved. One immediately must ask just how this situation came into being and what the solutions are for its resolution. Surely, with the regulatory agencies in place a crisis of this magnitude would be impossible to imagine. Republican Representative Jim Lewis of Iowa, who had been warning of this for many years, commented that: ... "
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Savings and Loan Crisis, 1990.
Discusses the closing of institutions, costs, causes (fraud, bad loans, interest rates), deregulation and possible solutions.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
The purpose of this research is to examine the country's savings and loan crisis, as of mid-summer 1990. Considered in this examination are (1) the magnitude of the problem, (2) the causes of the problem, (3) solution of the problem, and (4) an evaluation of the government's handling of the problem.
Magnitude of the Problem
In mid-summer 1989, the Bush Administration reported to the Congress that as many as 500 savings and loan institutions would likely have to be closed by the government (Nash, 1990). In mid-summer 1990, the Chairman of the Resolution Trust Corporation, the government agency established to deal with the crisis, reported to the Congress that the true number of institutions which the government will likely be required to seize will be ..."
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Tax Policy and Savings and Loan Crisis, 1994.
An examination of the negative economic impact of double-dipping (federal policy allowing S and Ls to deduct losses which were reimbursed tax-free by the government). Includes the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, reform and retroactivity.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 20 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"The Savings and Loan Crisis and Double Dipping
This paper will discuss federal tax policy as it affected the savings and loan crisis during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Specifically, the paper will examine the problem of "double dipping," whereby savings and loan institutions were allowed to deduct losses which were reimbursed, tax free, by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation ("FSLIC"). The first part of the paper will discuss the origins of the crisis and provide an overview of the tax treatment of the losses. The second part of the paper will examine in more detail the special provisions of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981. The third part of the paper will discuss some of the legislative responses to double dipping since the 1981 Act. The fourth part of the paper will examine the issue of the retroactivity of the..."
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Student Loans for College Students, 2006.
This paper argues the benefits of student loans for college students.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer shows that the problems that weigh against students loans is greatly outdone by the positive affects of allowing an unfortunate student to attend college. The writer discusses that financial aid, in this manner, is by far the most important aspect of allowing a student to better him or herself, through a no money down student loan to pay for tuition and other costs. The writer notes that a student may be left with a large debt after college, due to failure to finish or succeed at their education. The writer concludes that in this manner, a student loan is a form of financial aid that allows poor or monetarily troubled students to gain the same education.
Outline:
Introduction
Financial Aid Benefits
Background History of Student Loans
Student Loan's Get the Underprivileged Student into School
Problems with Student Loans and Debt
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This argumentative essay persuades the reader to realize how financial aid for students is a positive and supportive financial solution to attend college. In this regard, the student who is unable to afford college tuition can get a student loan, which allows them to gain the education they need for a good job. Although, the debt from loans can be burdensome after college in some cases, the ability through an education to find a job nullifies the inability to the debt accrued."
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The International Monetary Fund's Loans Policy, 2008.
A discussion of how the International Monetary Fund's policy on conditional loans hurts rather than helps the economies of developing nations.
2,325 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the policy of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to impose stringent conditions upon the loans it releases to developing nations. The paper pays especial attention to why the IMF approach hurts developing nations and how the lending policy of the Fund acts as a sort of neo-colonialism that perpetuates north-south global imbalances. Finally, the political nature of the IMF and how this manifests itself in the loan conditions of the Fund is touched upon. In the end, the paper maintains that the IMF would serve everyone better if it would narrow its scope of activities and focus on preventing fiscal crises rather than aggravating them in the world's poorest states.
From the Paper
"The debilitating impact of IMF loan policies upon developing nations does great harm in a host of areas, but it is arguable that the greatest impact is felt in the realm of business-labour relations. To wit, the International Monetary Fund's unwavering commitment to "labour-market flexibility" has meant that labour laws and wage standards have been revised dramatically downward in nations that are already shouldering heavy loan obligations that they must wonder if they can ever pay off. According to a 1995 United Nations Trade and Development Report which Cavanagh and his team seize upon, the new "flexible" labour laws do not encourage an increase in productive capacity, and they surely do not encourage the creation of work. Instead, they make firing workers easier and they reduce the ability of unions to protect vulnerable employees (Cavanagh et al, 2000). In the end, the devastating reality for struggling men, women and (sometimes) children in poverty-stricken nations desperately trying to extricate themselves from one problem after another is that their governments' reliance upon IMF loans makes their job security, working conditions, wages and benefits (such as they are) entirely dependent upon the capricious whims of foreign corporate mavens who know that they can count upon the IMF to work on their behalf."
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Home Loans as Public Policy, 2005.
A discussion about the benefits of introducing low-income home loans as public policy.
3,302 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a thorough history of the manner in which United States government has developed public policies that aims to increase opportunities for home ownership through direct housing grants, loan guarantees, and targeted tax breaks. It looks at the different laws and legislation which have been passed, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each. The writer concludes that implementing a comprehensive home loan program targeted at low-income families would prove to be an efficient, cost-effective tool to help place all families within reach of the American dream.
From the Paper
"Increasing low-income homeownership needs public assistance to succeed. While the federal government already allocates billions of dollars to housing, this money does not successfully promote low-income homeownership. It is largely targeted through the tax code to high-income homeowners through $58 billion of homeownership deductions and to low-income renters through HUD grants and the LIHTC programs. These rental assistance programs fulfill serve an important need but fail to successfully increase homeownership or build family assets. "
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Banks, Credit Unions, and Consumer Loans, 2006.
A comparison and contrast of banks and credit unions and how they make consumer loans.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the practices of banks and credit unions regarding different types of consumer loans. An argument is made that the types of products offered by these different institutions is driven by their institutional make-up and their operational goals. Some scenarios are considered to determine what consumers might expect from these product offerings.
From the Paper
"When consumers decide to borrow money in today's financial marketplace, they face more choices and must navigate around more dangers than ever before. Not only are there numerous instruments available to people of different financial means, each marketed in various ways and with varying levels of disclosure, there are also many different types of institutions accessible to them. This paper will compare and contrast the two most common institutions that make consumer loans, banks and credit unions, in terms of their structure, general loan policies, and common instruments. After laying the groundwork for each type of institution, several generic scenarios will be presented for typical consumers wishing to obtain a loan, in order to determine what kinds of offers might be made by a typical bank or credit union."
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The U.S. Government Thrift Savings Plan vs. the Roth IRA, 2002.
A comparison of the U.S. government?s Thrift Savings Plan and The Roth IRA for military pension plans.
2,120 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper examines use of rate of return and annual cash flow analysis techniques to evaluate the relative benefits to the military member of investing in the U.S. government Thrift Savings Plan or the Roth IRA. This paper includes charts, graphs and calculations. The author of the paper states that the analyses are only an average of historical returns, future performance is not guaranteed.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Assumptions
Historical Trend Data
Rate of Return Analysis
Annual Cash Flow Analysis
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Enlisted members of the United States Armed Forces have, just within the last year, been given a new vehicle through which to invest their retirement money--the government Thrift Savings Plan, or TSP. Available to civilian federal employees for years past, the TSP works much like a 401(k) plan works in the private sector, offering "military members the potential to supplement military retirement significantly and also reduce current taxes by contributing from pre-tax dollars and watching tax-deferred earnings accumulate" (Air Force News Archive, 2002, n.p.). The current limit on annual contributions for service members is capped at seven percent of a member's base pay, but that limit is expected to increase to ten percent by the year 2005 (Air Force News Service, 2002)."
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Countrywide Home Loans' Customer Service, 2005.
A paper on the superior customer service at the Countrywide Home Loans company.
7,064 words (approx. 28.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 158.95
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Abstract
This paper is about Countrywide's ability to deliver customer value in the form of excellent customer service. The paper begins with a look at the division of Loan Administration Servicing, the arm of the company that handles customer service and, more specifically, the Department of Communications Compliance. The paper then explores many facets of how Countrywide delivers customer value not only is its services, but also in its policies, procedures, and actions, as these items are what make service possible. The paper also examines the organization's mission, goals, and objectives. In doing this, the paper looks at marketplace and strategy, operating practices, marketing approach, brand identity, informational infrastructure and technology, quality assurance procedures, customer relationship management, Countrywide's Global presence, and customer care programs. Finally, throughout the paper, strategy is discussed as it pertains to loan servicing and Countrywide's joint ventures.
From the Paper
"Early in a company's evolution much should be decided as a foundation for doing business. The nature of the company's business practices and product it represents defines the company's core values and basic spirit. It is important to establish this basis early on in order to build and nourish the business in a successful direction. Only then can a company enter into the market place with any real hope of remaining competitive. The beginnings of a corporation like Countrywide Financial Corporation better known as Countrywide Home Loans, early on were based on simple values and goals. What later would become corporate culture, defined the nature of doing business the Countrywide way. Effectively, it is the product of the home loan or mortgage that has created Countrywide's core value of customer service satisfaction. A home loan or a mortgage, although at one time paper, remains a non-physical product. It is the act of servicing the loan that becomes the product Countrywide represents, markets and sells to the public. It is this act of servicing the loan and the person who owns the loan that becomes the company's main business activity. Essentially Countrywide is not selling loans but they are selling the dream of homeownership. They are providing a service on a very intimate level. Really Countrywide has made people their business and they have chosen to adopt an expert approach to maintaining superior customer value in their service. It is because Countrywide realizes the value behind their customers that their service excels above the rest. It is the attention to detail, the personal effort of going the extra mile that has made Countrywide the success it is today. No question, they deliver value by putting the customer first."
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