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Sanctions and Human Rights, 2002.
Questions whether economic sanctions mitigate internal conflict and halt human rights abuses, using the U.N. sanctions on Iraq as an example.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
In an attempt to influence the behaviour of other states, while avoiding the consequences of military conflict, many states or coalitions of states employ economic sanctions. Proponents of these types of measures argue that they can and do influence the actions of sanctioned states. Their critics argue that they carry little diplomatic weight and impose undue suffering on innocent individuals within the sanctioned state. This case examines the application of sanctions against Iraq in the past decades and concludes that they have had few positive consequences and profoundly negative and immoral impacts.
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Saudi Arabia's Human Rights Abuse, 2003.
Position paper arguing that Saudi Arabia should be punished for its human rights abuses.
3,081 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that Saudi Arabia should suffer economic and political sanctions due to its violation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The paper focuses on Saudi Arabia's treatment of women and cites examples of how the government of Saudi Arabia routinely abuses the rights of Saudi Arabian women. The paper also describes the abuse and mistreatment of foreign women and explains why Saudi Arabia has been allowed to continue in this manner and talks about the UN responsibility in addressing the problem and holding Saudi Arabia accountable. A complete outline of the paper is included.
From the Paper
"Saudi Arabia holds an important position in the Arab, Muslim and international communities. Among the Arab countries, it holds an important position because of its economic strength, its position as the center of Islam and its role as the leader of the Arab Gulf countries. In the Muslim World, it is the most important nation because it is identified with Islam and is the home of the Islamic pilgrimage. Within the international community, Saudi Arabia's incredible oil wealth has made it an important country on whom many, including the United States, are dependant for their energy needs and requirements. This unique position of religious, regional and economic power has protected Saudi Arabia and Saudi Arabians from facing the consequences of human rights abuse. The United Nations, which David P. Forsythe defines in "The United Nations and Human Rights, 1845-1985," as the international protector of human rights in the world, has mainly ignored Saudi Arabia's violation of human rights laws because of its international and regional economic, political and religious influence and power. Consequently, Saudi Arabia, defined by Tom Lantos in "Discrimination Against Women and the Roots of Global Terrorism," as a "gender apartheid" state, has continued to abuse the rights of both Saudi Arabian and foreign female workers (7). Not only that, but Saudi Arabia can further be defined as a racist state which denies all minority groups, including Saudi and foreign ones, their basic human rights. The Shiite Saudi Arabians are not treated as equal to the Sunni majority and live on the borders of the country, fearing prosecution (Peretz). The foreign Christian community, as reported by the US State Department's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2002, is not allowed to practice its faith and, if members of it do, the punishment is execution. As for Saudi females, they are denied identity as human beings, referred to even by members of the Saudi Royal Family UBOs, or "Unidentified Black Objects" (Peretz). Lastly, foreign female workers are raped, beaten, overworked, denied their wages and locked in houses as prisoners. Despite the fact that these issues of abuse have received great attention by human rights organizations and the media, the United Nations and the international community has not taken action against Saudi Arabia, forcing it to abide by Islamic human rights or international human rights. Saudi Arabia should suffer economic and political sanctions due to its violation of the Universal Declaration of human rights and the Islamic human rights, seen in its oppression and abuse of Saudi women and foreign minority groups, including their imprisonment in the home and illegal executions."
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Abortion Rights are Human Rights, 2005.
This paper discusses and argues that the rights to abortion are in themselves human rights.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This is an opinion paper explaining why abortion is a human right and should be available to all women as long as the fetus is not an "actual life" but is still a "potential life." The writer argues that the mother's human rights would take precedence over the "potential life" of the fetus, and once the fetus has transitioned to "actual life" then the mother's rights would be seriously limited.
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Disabled Rights and Water Rights, 2002.
A look at two different law aspects - the need for rights for the disabled and water rights between countries.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The first three-pages consist of the need for international laws concerning the rights of people who are disabled. The next three-pages consist of the need for laws concerning water rights between different countries.
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Victims Rights Vs. Criminal Rights, 2002.
A look at the rights of the criminal over those of the victim.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper presents that the rights of the victim must be upheld in favor of the rights of the criminal.
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Civil Rights & Women's Rights Movements 1860 -1870, 1999.
Examines evolution & major issues of two movements in U.S. Analyzes them in terms of the impact of Civil War, emancipation of slaves, politics, Reconstruction, leadership, laws, organizations and suffrage.
6,750 words (approx. 27.0 pages), 24 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"This research paper discusses the nature and course of the movements for civil rights and women's rights in the United States during the 1860s and draws appropriate comparisons and contrasts between them.
The principal struggle for civil rights related to improving the political, legal and, to a lesser extent, the economic status of blacks in the South, their emancipation from slavery and succor by the North during the Civil War (1860-1865) and their achievement of suffrage and other rights during the initial phases of Reconstruction (1865-1870). Emancipation only gradually became a central goal of Union policy during the war and its full parameters were far from settled by the time President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. Reconstruction policy followed an even..."
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US Foreign Relations, 2007.
An analysis of the United States' commitment to human rights and their sanctions on Cuba.
1,704 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes various issues of United States foreign relations. The writer presents the paper in the form of an address to the President of the United States. It discusses human rights and the US commitment to this world-wide issue. The paper also discusses US sanctions against Cuba. The paper then presents, to the President, recommendations on both issues.
Table of Contents:
I) Issue: Human Rights
Analysis
Recommendation
II) Issue: Sanctions against Cuba
Analysis
Recommendation
From the Paper
"United States sanctions against Cuba began, in part, as a way to diffuse Cuba's influence and power in the Cold War. However, as the cold war has ended Cuba's threat to the United States has diminished. As Philips writes, "Cuba's threat to hemispheric security ended when the Soviet Union dissolved.""
"Mr. President, in the short-term, I suggest you lift travel bans for all Americans to Cuba. In the longer term, I suggest that you ease, and finally abolish, sanctions on trade with Cuba."
"There may be resistance from the Cuban government to lifting United States sanctions. Sanctions can be said to create a sort of prestige for Castro (after all, he must be important if the United States focuses so much attention on the Cuban regime), so Castro may resist this loss of prestige. Younger members of Cuban society may welcome the loss of sanctions, although older members of Cuban society may be resistant."
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From Natural Law to Human Rights, 2006.
This essay explores how human rights grew from natural rights.
4,511 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer declares that early proponents of natural law argued that people have common sense and are born with an intuitive knowledge of right and wrong. This paper discusses that human rights are those rights that are based on human nature. The writer examines how human rights grew from natural rights. It argues that conceptions of right and wrong are not based on an unchanging, eternal order, but are negotiable; that is, open to revision as the years go by and times change. It is seen, for example, how women and children have used natural rights arguments to gain rights that formerly were denied them.
The writer concludes that human rights have evolved from natural law and natural rights and that human rights are intimately connected to morality and ethics.
Outline:
Introduction
Natural Law and the Concept of Rights
Changing the Law in Response to a New Moral Awareness
Human Rights for Women
Juvenile Death Penalty
Rights versus Utilitarianism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"More than anyone else the philosopher John Locke influenced the shape and form of democracy in the United States. He argued that human beings have certain fundamental rights, which governments cannot take away. He argued that no individual has a natural right to rule over others, and that a person's natural state is a state of freedom. Freedom, he explained, was not the same as license or permission to do whatever one wants; rather, freedom is based on the "law of reason which places precise limits on our behavior". Not everyone is able to enjoy their natural rights because other people and the government sometimes violate them; therefore, Locke suggested that men assemble and choose leaders who can be trusted to protect their natural rights. The primary function of government ought to be to protect the natural rights of its citizens, to protect citizens from other states, and to establish and maintain internal order. He suggested that oppressive governments (governments that had broken trust with the people) could, and should, be overthrown; in other words, sometimes, revolution is justified--especially if the government violates the natural rights of its citizens. In questions where natural rights are not the issue, then the will of the majority should prevail. His ideas profoundly inspired the Founding Fathers and the Declaration of Independence; moreover, the Constitution was written mainly to protect the people's rights from government interference, to insure internal order, and to establish defense."
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Canadian and Aboriginal Rights, 2007.
This paper explores whether aboriginal rights can coexist with other rights in Canada.
1,567 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that when Europeans colonized the land, the native inhabitants become a class of citizens that were treated as different and inferior to the conquering classes. The paper relates that as liberal western democracy attempts to establish equal rights for all citizen groups and as native groups learn how to press their claims, competing claims for land and treasure have been raised. The paper explores whether aboriginal rights can coexist with other rights and posits that coexistence is possible and even necessary, within the systems of government that Canadians have developed.
From the Paper
"When the European colonizers established colonies throughout the North American continent, they came into contact and conflict with the native inhabitants that had dwelt in the land for centuries. Their initial contacts were colored by curiosity and concern on the part of both natives and colonizers. However, as colonies were established and the European hunger for land proved incessant, concern became alarm and even progressed to war in many cases. Colonizers were viewed as invaders by natives and the natives were viewed as uncivilized savages by colonists. The colonists' push across the continent resulted in land being contested and treaties being formulated, altered, and broken."
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The Rights of Islamic Women, 2005.
An examination of the rights of Islamic women compared to the rights of women as addressed by the United Nations in their International Human Rights Convention.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This six page paper analyzes the rights of women as addressed by the United Nations in their International Human Rights Convention (CEDAW). This paper focuses on Islam as incompatible with current basic human rights for women as it argues that Islam has historically treated women as inferior to men. It then looks at current media with regards to this issue.
From the Paper
"The Rights (or Lack Thereof) Of Islamic Women The United Nations has taken measures to ensure that all women, internationally, are allowed the same equal freedoms as males. In 1979, it developed an international bill of rights for women, called the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). Discrimination against women is defined in this manner: "any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field" (United Nations). These rights are addressed by the United Nations in an attempt to create equality between males and females. However, internationally, there are women who are still subject to an inferior status in relationship to men."
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Human Rights Law, 2003.
An analysis of the protections of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) as they apply to human rights law in the United Kingdom.
3,065 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the history of the Council of Europe and The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, commonly known as the ECHR (European Convention on Human Rights). The paper analyzes the history of human rights in the UK beginning with the Magna Carta of the 13th century, and continuing into the 20th century, when legislation was developed to coordinate British law with the original ECHR of 1949 and its subsequent charters and protocols expanding European protections of civil rights. The paper reviews various sections of the ECHR and compares them to English Common Law and provisions of the UK's Human Rights Act of 1998. The paper discusses the difference between non-derogable rights and derogated rights, citing several relevant sections of the ECHR. It also examines several points of the ECHR and considers their acceptability under UK law. In conclusion, the paper finds that the ECHR laws are quite complex and that new British legislation only furthers the dissonance with their applicability to the UK.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Analysis
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The Council for Europe had been originally established at the end of the Second World War and had an objective of the protection of Europe against totalitarianism and atrocities that were witnessed during the war. This council had the convention as a treaty within the actions it took. (European Convention on Human Rights) The United Kingdom was one of the founder members of this convention and also involved in the design of the law. It was also one of the first countries to approve the treaty. It has also appeals to be made to the European Commission for Human Rights since 1966. The influence of the Convention has been growing in the UK during the past ten years as the European Court of Human Rights are now taking quicker action about the appeals that are being made to it. (The European Convention on Human Rights)"
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A Father's Rights, 2006.
This in-depth paper presents a comprehensive legal analysis into the rights of biological fathers.
4,635 words (approx. 18.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper analyzes the role and rights of the biological father in adoption proceedings, while drawing upon an examination of relevant case laws. This paper details the history of the adoption process which was legally recognized in the U.S. in the 1850s, with the inception of the first adoption statute. The writer of this in-depth paper examines the Supreme Court's recognition and willingness to recognize and expand the rights of biological fathers in cases of adoption and / or custody matters. This paper provides a general overview regarding the current status of unwed fathers' adoption rights. This paper examines California law pertaining to the rights of the biological father. This paper discusses California's current stance on the issue, which is that the courts utilize the best interests of the child standard when considering whether the biological father presents a substantial risk of detriment to the child's well-being. While the other hand, other courts have argued that the best interests of the child standard should no longer be the primary consideration in the determination of whether the court should terminate an unwed biological father's rights. This paper cites numerous case studies containing relevant information to this particular topic. This paper details the case of Pena vs. Mattox, in which the biological father argued that his due process rights were violated when his parental rights were terminated by the adoption of his child. The writer contends and explains why are there are no clear guidelines establishing how courts should decide adoption cases involving fathers' rights, and as a result these rights have slowly evolved in favor of the father.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
General Adoption Information / History
A Father's Constitutional Rights
California Courts & Adoption Law
Role of the Supreme Court & The Present Status of Biological Father's Rights
Future of the Adoption Process
Bibliography
Cases Cited
From the Paper
"Whatever method courts decide to use, it is of paramount importance that these disputes be resolved in a quick and efficient manner. Dragging custody disputes out over long periods of time only serves to cause emotional harm to everyone involved, especially to the child whose future hangs in limbo while the case slowly moves through the courts. By implementing a uniform system of deciding these cases, forum shopping will be avoided. Consequently, multiple courts will no longer be asked to hear the same case, as happened in the Baby Jessica case. This will surely lead to faster adjudication and resolution of these disputes and, consequently, to less psychological trauma to the children caught in the middle."
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Civil Rights Movements, 2005.
A discussion on the American Civil Rights Movements, focusing primarily on the fight for civil rights for African-Americans, women and homosexuals.
1,355 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the American Civil Rights Movement was primarily a nonviolent struggle by African-Americans to obtain full rights, protections and equality under the law. It looks at how, although in many aspects the Civil Rights Movement continues it struggle for equality today, it actually began with the start of the Civil War and really took off in the 1960s. It looks at how the Civil Rights Movement has seen many successes and failures including boycotts, sit-ins, ride-ins and victories in the Supreme Court and how it has been led by such leaders as W.E.B Dubois, Thurgood Marshall and Dr. Martin Luther Jr.
Outline:
Introduction
Civil Rights Movement Background
Civil Rights Movement Timeline (1865-1955)
The Aims of the Civil Rights Movement
Major Players and Their Role in the Movement
Successes and Failures of the Movement
Other Movements with Roots in the Sixties
Conclusion
From the Paper
"After the Civil War, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was passed in 1865. The 13th Amendment outlawed slavery. In 1868, the 14th Amendment was passed. This amendment made anyone born in the United States a naturalized citizen and afforded them equal protection under the law. The amendment however although providing equal protection to all citizens, created what is known as the separate by equal doctrine or better known as segregation. In 1870, the 15th Amendment was passed which provided voting rights to all citizens regardless of race. But with the passing of this amendment it, it did not remove literacy tests to qualify voters. This test was particularly used to eliminate black voters. "
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Human Rights in England and the ECHR, 2004.
A comparative analysis of the decisions of the Divisional Court and the Court of Appeal with that of the European Court of Human Rights concerning human rights cases.
1,990 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the decisions of the Divisional Court and the Court of Appeal in R v Ministry of Defence ex parte Smith [1996] 2 WLR 305 with that of the European Court of Human Rights in Lustig-Prean v UK (2000) 29 EHRR 548. It discusses how the different outcomes in these cases can be chiefly explained by the approaches available to the courts in terms of reviewing State policy. It looks at why the test of 'irrationality' employed by the English courts meant that the discriminatory government policy could not be overturned and then examines why the test of 'proportionality' available to the Court of Human Rights allowed a fundamentally different outcome to be reached.
From the Paper
"Having accepted Brown LJ?s assessment regarding the justiciability of the policy, both the Divisional Court and Court of Appeal considered each of the three grounds for the review application: that the policy breached Article 2 of the EC Equal Treatment Directive ; that it breached Article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights; and that it was ?irrational?. Both English courts shared the view that the word ?sex? in the EC Directive should not be construed as embracing sexual orientation and should, therefore, have a meaning no broader than gender . Had they accepted the applicants? argument, the policy would have been unlawful as it would amount to direct discrimination . In the Divisional Court, Brown LJ emphasised the ?unambiguous? language of the Directive, which plainly refers to discrimination of gender rather than of orientation."
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