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Salary Cap on a Professional Sports League, 2005.
This paper discusses and a study titled "The Economic Effects of a Salary Cap on a Professional Sports League" by Eric Pick.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes a study by Eric Pick called "The Economic Effects of a Salary Cap on a Professional Sports League" that attempts to develop and apply an econometric model to the issue. The study is based on a model that is limited, so the most that could emerge from it is a potentially useful formula to be applied on a broader scale than the two team universe addressed by the author and that may or may not be applicable to a variety of different types of sports leagues.
From the Paper
"The study by Eric Pick entitled "The Economic Effects of a Salary Cap on a Professional Sports League" is an attempt to develop and apply an econometric model to the subject at hand. The study is based on a model that is limited, so the most that could emerge from it is a potentially useful formula to be applied on a broader scale than the two team universe addressed by the author and that may or may not be applicable to a variety of different types of sports leagues. The same basic issues do apply to different types of sports leagues, and efforts to apply a salary cap have been part of major sports leagues for some time. In 1994, a threatened basketball strike led to an agreement that involved salary caps, among other provisions. In that case, as an end to the players' union was threatened, the players... "
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Salary Caps in Professional Sports, 2002.
A look at the effectiveness of salary caps regarding professional athletes.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the use of salary caps in respect to professional athletes in order to demonstrate their effectiveness.
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Player Salary Caps in Sports, 1994.
Definition, purpose, applications, economic impact, pros & cons. Provides tables.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
" Until the World Series was sacrificed in 1994, it was easy to ignore the issue of salary caps in sports. Then the National Hockey League season was put on hold and remains in peril. The National Basketball Association began rumors of canceling their season if the players refused to accept salary caps. The one sport that seemed to demonstrate the merit of salary caps, the National Football League, also became newsworthy when prime players started losing their jobs and many others took dramatic cuts in their salaries. Suddenly, salary caps are an integral aspect of professional sports that affect the economics of sports teams and raise emotions between owners, managers, players and fans.
This research examines the economic impact of salary caps in sports and explores some of the arguments for and against.."
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Salaries in the Major Leagues, 2001.
Argues in favor of salary caps in Major League Baseball.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper is an argumentative essay about the need for salary caps in Major league Baseball. The paper argues that salary caps are necessary in order survive as a profitable sport.
From the Paper
"There is obviously a problem in Major league Baseball and it needs to be fixed before the league goes belly up. While this sounds preposterous it is quite possible. In my mind the best solution would be a salary cap and revenue sharing. As a Padres fan I grow tired of seeing them place last or second to in the NL West. While I will still support them I won?t be attending as many games (especially while in Iowa). Because of this they will lose money in ticket sales, with the effects of that trickling all the way down to revenue for broadcasting, leaving them in a financially precarious position. This is in danger of happening to many teams. Fans are going are growing tired and vexed at seeing their teams go nowhere in the post-season. Three competitive teams are not enough to keep a profitable fan base and more importantly profitable revenue."
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Salaries in Professional Sports, 2002.
An economic analysis of player salaries in professional sports.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the notion of economic amongst the sport world of today. By understanding why many professionals in the sports world receive high salaries, we can learn why they seem to reach astronomical rates in this field. The elements of Adam Smith, and Marxist economics certainly play a part in this analysis, and can show us why the demand for good players is so high. By having the demand higher than the supply, the obvious idea of high salaries is not a shocking one, but helps us to realize the way that certain players of sports get these top notch wages.
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Sports Salaries, 2003.
Discusses dramatic increase in salaries.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Focuses on team sports and the issues of owner exploitation of players and whether or not athletes deserve their high salaries. Discusses superstar strategies, how team owners deal with higher costs, and the impact on consumers.
From the Paper
"Sports salaries increased dramatically during the last 25 years of the twentieth century, with athletes in the major American sports making considerably more than those who came before. Team sports have received the most attention with ..."
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Superstar Sports Salaries, 2005.
A discussion on the inflated salaries of NHL players.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the outrageous sums of money commanded by NHL players. To elaborate upon this point, the paper looks at the cost of NHL salaries vis-a-vis ordinary working-class families or skilled professionals. The paper also highlights the cost of a small family attending one game. As soon become evident, hockey players are not paid because of their value to society, but because there are so few of them to go around.
From the Paper
"Over the last three decades, professional sports have become big business - in some cases, multi-billion dollar business. Perhaps nowhere is this development more pronounced than in pro hockey, where salaries have climbed from the level of dentists and doctors to the level of corporate CEOs and Wall Street power-brokers. The following paper will examine hockey salaries and determine whether hockey players - like most entertainers - are entirely deserving of their massive salaries, or whether they are over-paid and over-praised (as many fans and non-fans argue). In any event, what should emerge from the following discussion is that the law of supply-and-demand, more so than any law of social utility, informs the rationale for the massive pay-outs to big-league hockey players."
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Sports Science and Sports Medicine, 2004.
An overview of sports/exercise science and medicine, two fields that have only recently begun consolidating into distinct professions.
2,272 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
Sports has become a multi-billion-dollar business, and the ever-increasing competitiveness and challenges, both mental and physical, faced by the modern sportsperson has increased the need for a medical and scientific support system for athletes. This paper discusses two fields that have developed from this need: sports science and sports medicine. The paper shows that they are interrelated, the former being more of an investigative and experimental area, while the latter deals with the implementation of the knowledge and techniques developed by sports science.
From the Paper
"High quality sports performance depends largely on an individual?s movement pattern and is usually referred to as technique. Good technique not only produces an effective performance but also reduces the risk of injury. The effect of physical forces on the movement and on the size, shape and structure of the body is scientifically studied by biomechanists today in an attempt to help optimize athletic technique. (Stein, 2003) Through qualitative analysis via direct observation on film or video tape, a biomechanist will study an athlete?s performance with a view to diagnosing any problems which might be limiting sporting potential. In close consultation with the athlete?s coach, training patterns may be altered to incorporate elements which may help to rectify the problem."
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The Sociology of Sport: The Ideals of Sports as a Reflection of Society, 2002.
A paper which looks at what sports represents and what it communicates to society.
2,917 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
Sports has become a central part of society, introduced to children at a young age and often continuing to be part of a person?s life throughout their lifetime. Sports impacts on people in a number of ways. The paper shows that in childhood, the focus of sports is often on participating, working with other people and aspiring to be the best one can be. Successful sports people also become heroes for children, something that continues into adulthood. The paper shows that as individuals grow older their focus may change from playing sports to watching sports. At the same time, sports people continue to be respected and viewed as heroes, the fact that successful sports people get paid millions in sponsorship money is evidence that they must have a major impact on consumers. Overall, this paper looks at what sports represents and the values it communicates to people.
From the Paper
"Sport is also closely related to a person?s life in society in a general way. In sport, people compete against each other to win. In a person?s working life the same thing occurs. A person works against others in the workplace to earn individual rewards and promotions. A person also works as part of the company team, to grow the company. The same occurs in schools where students works in competition with each other to receive awards. Students then work to get into college, with the best students winning the college place. This illustrates one of the main aspects central to sports, the competition factor inherent to sport. This also shows how this competition factor inherent in sports is also one inherent in life. This is another major reason why sport reflects society."
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A Proposal for the Future of Major League Baseball, 2002.
A paper which discusses why major league baseball should institute revenue sharing and a salary cap.
1,770 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that now that professional sports have entered the 21st century, it is crucial that Major League Baseball institutes revenue sharing and a salary cap to maintain the competition between large and small market franchises. It maintains that with a dozen struggling, small-market ball clubs, constant discussion about contracting teams, and individual salaries skyrocketing over the payrolls of entire teams, the time has come where the owners and players must agree on something for the betterment of the game?s future. The paper shows however that with continuous disagreements between the owners and player?s union, and the threat of another strike, the negative effects may outweigh the positive.
From the Paper
"The Major League Baseball Player?s Association is the strongest union in professional sports. The players would most likely strike if a salary cap was presented to them because most of the league?s athletes would be faced with a reduction in salary (Smizik). It is believed that another strike would cause Major League Baseball to lose millions of dollars and possibly fan support. ?It would take a long and bitter work stoppage for the players to accept a salary cap and it would simply not be worth it,? says Smizik. Smizik believes a salary cap would help baseball?s economic future, but is opposed because of the costs it will take to institute it. Baseball had a difficult time regaining fan support after the 1994 strike, and a second may be even more difficult to overcome (Smizik). However, true baseball fans will realize that the strike was necessary for the league?s economic future, and will still support the game."
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Sport Commissions and Amateur Sports.
An exploration of how the sports industry is a land of opportunity for sports commissions and the local communities that are trying to generate economic impact from sports.
3,688 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper explores different avenues for small-scale sports tourism in the direction of amateur sports tournaments and how establishing a sport commission can help. It focuses on recreational sport tournaments for adults and youth by examining a case study dealing with the organization of a sports commission and the economic impact it that has resulted on the community. The reason for discussing sports tournaments is because they are fairly low-investment opportunities that small communities can explore, with large returns for the resources that are already present.
Outline
Introduction
Review of Literature
Case Study
Discussion and Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Green and Chalip (1998) help explain who is participating by exploring the motivations of the active sport tourist traveling to participate in their chosen sport by examining a women?s flag football tournament. The authors explain the increasing growth in active lifestyles and how it is not only the younger population, who are participating, but also the older segment is starting to stay more active. This trend is leading to more vacations that are based on or around sport. The paper presents the ideas that the active sport tourist does not only travel for the competition, but also to be able to identify with the subculture of their sport. As in the case of the women football players, they enjoy being able to socialize with people who share their same interests during social events sponsored by the tournament organizers. They travel as teams, and along with these teams comes family and friends, which in turn bring along more economic impact for the community hosting the event."
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Collective Bargaining in Sports, 2002.
Discussion of the impact of strikes on major sports leagues with special focus on the NASCAR racing league.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
Once again, there is talk in the air about a potential baseball strike or a lockout by the owners after the 2002 season. Over the past 20 years, particularly, strikes and threats of strikes in the four major professional sports have almost become a way of life. Even the NASCAR racing league is not immune, as we will see in this paper.
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Problems and Practices in Sports, 2008.
This paper discusses grievance procedures related to problems and practices in sports.
1,432 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores the policies, procedures and grievances that can occur in sports. The personal services contract and its relevance to sports are detailed and the role of the athletes and their contractual relationship with an individual promoter or team owners are discussed. The paper also reviews the history of player unions and sports league relationships and explains the governing bodies that control this relationship. In addition, the collective bargaining process, arbitration and mediation process are explained as they relate to professional sports.
Outline:
Abstract
References
From the Paper
"In the case where an athlete refuses to compete in an individual event, a boxing match for example, the promoters, the people whom engaged the athlete for their unique abilities, can sue the athlete for monetary compensation. The amount of damages due to the promoters is easily calculated in the form of lost profits from the revenue derived from the exhibition of the sporting event. In the case of an athlete that is a member of a sports team, and is a similar hypothetical where the athlete refuses to participate in a particular game, it is much harder to determine the extent of the lost profits for a single player not participating causes. Most likely there is another athlete on the team that can fulfill the responsibilities of the wayward athlete, and there can be no discernable effect on the event."
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The Media and Politics of Sports, 2002.
A look at the relationship between Canadian media and sports culture with a focus on the control of the national hockey league.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper will first consider the history of the relation between media and sports culture. Then the paper will examine the more recent changes in media corporations, where large media conglomerations now manage sports teams, and the impact these control systems have on the national hockey league. In conclusion, this paper will re-draw attention to the exclusive nature of hickey as "culture," and indicate possible changes in media representations which might elaborate Canadian notions of identity, and culture.
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Sports Stadiums and Arena Finance, 2002.
A comprehensive analysis of the social and economic impact of sports facilities and sports teams on cities and states.
12,083 words (approx. 48.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 233.95
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Abstract
This research paper provides an overview and background of the issues, followed by a discussion of specific stadiums throughout the nation. An assessment of the legal issues involved in financing a major sports arena is followed by a summary of the research and an analysis of the future of sports arena financing in the conclusion.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. Review and Discussion
III.Review and Discussion of Recent Examples
V. Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper
"We may not have the Circus Maximus, but Americans come close. Not only do sports enjoy a special status in the hearts of Americans, it turns out that sports franchises do too. New sports facilities costing at least $200 million each have been completed or are under way in Baltimore, Charlotte, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Nashville, San Francisco, St. Louis, Seattle, Tampa, and Washington, D.C., and are in the planning stages in Boston, Dallas, Minneapolis, New York, and Pittsburgh. Major stadium renovations have been undertaken in Jacksonville and Oakland. Industry experts estimate that more than $7 billion will be spent on new facilities for professional sports teams before 2006. Most of this $7 billion will come from public sources. The subsidy starts with the federal government, which allows state and local governments to issue tax-exempt bonds to help finance sports facilities. While major sports franchises across the country are reaping the benefits of taxpayer-financed arenas in which to compete, the debate continues about the appropriateness of providing such enormous amounts of resources for the reasons provided by the promoters."
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