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Sub-Saharan Africa, 2006.
A discussion regarding the natural resources, foreign assistance, culture, non-governmental organizations and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa.
4,397 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 75 sources, APA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This research paper explores the determining factors of growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by examining the increasingly dominant role of financial assistance, natural resources, culture and non governmental organizations in selected countries of the region. To understand this relationship better, the paper makes a comparison between economic policies, cultural variations and political systems of selected countries. The countries this study reviews are Botswana, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Tanzania, Uganda and Sierra Leone.
Outline:
Methodology
Objective
Introduction
Theoretical Background
Previous Work and Literature
Economy Openness
Culture
Foreign Assistance
The Role of NGOs
From the Paper
"Countries rich in resources must be tempted to promote their export growing policies, which will increase economy openness and exposure to external shocks even to a higher degree. The country will improve its' international competitive position if it promotes exports and trade by investing heavily into this economy sphere. The second round positive result from promoting exports and trade is the future possible exploitation of economies of scale in production when the output sales markets for the producers expand. The third round positive affect is that the producers will naturally eliminate inefficient production facilities and invest into high technology and train and grow skilled labor resources to remain competitive in the global arena. These are the main reasons for opening up the economy and playing on the global market arena, and are very effective economy stimulating methods for economies with low local purchasing power and thus limited local output markets, which are the classifications of African counties, as proven by Fosu . "Open economies do grow more rapidly than closed economies... Whether the measure of openness has to do with exchange rate overvaluation, relative price distortions, tariffs and quotas, share of trade in GDP, the black market premium, or a composite measure combining some of these with state monopolization of commodity exports and general socialism" (Easterly, 2000, p. 48) . "
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Latin America and Sub?Saharan Africa, 2006.
An analysis of the comparable differences in problems between Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa.
913 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to compare Latin America to sub-Saharan Africa by incorporating the findings of three articles that look at immigration, environmental concerns and family planning. It aims to discuss how these areas of concern are being addressed and how they have been or may be solved.
From the Paper
"A major concern in Sub - Saharan Africa and the Latin American nations is family planning & sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV and Aids. "The ideal family size of about four children is lower in Rwanda than in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa. However, the annual rate of change observed between the periods of 0-3 and 4-7 years preceding the surveys (-4.2 percent) is clearly greater than those noted in the first phase of the fertility transition in Botswana, Kenya, and Zimbabwe."(Pillet) The use of contraceptives in Africa has declined as the use of contraceptives increases. The changes can be compared to Latin America in the 1970's. "In Asia and Latin America, the accelerated decline in fertility observed in a few countries in the 1950s and 1960s was repeated in most of the others in the 1970s." (Pillet)"
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Sub-Saharan Africa Economics, 2007.
This paper looks at world trade policies and restricted market access by developed nations as a cause of marginalization in global trade of Sub-Saharan Africa economies.
11,823 words (approx. 47.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 229.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how world trade policies have caused a marginalization in global trade in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) economies. The paper begins by examining the official World Trade Organization (WTO) and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) economic policies with regard to SSA. Next, the paper examines the implications of world trade policies. Then the paper discusses how foreign aid, whether in the form of charitable aid or foreign investment in SSA economies, impacts the production capability of SSA countries. Finally, the paper examines the progress made by SSA nations, the developed world, WTO, and GATT to assist SSA nations in their efforts to fairly share in the global economy. After discussing the cause of the economic problems faced by SSA countries as a result of world trade policies, the paper then proposes several solutions to those problems. The paper suggests ways that the developed world can help SSA nations take their places in the global economy. More importantly, the paper suggests ways in which the SSA nations can take control of their developing economies and become competitive in the global market. Finally, the writer maintains that diversifying the economic base for individual SSA nations, as well at the region in general, should lead to greater economic stability and competitiveness.
Contents:
Introduction
Discussion
Poverty in SSA
Official WTO Policy
Economic Subsidies
Tariffs
Non-tariff Barriers to Trade
Dumping
Foreign Aid
The Downside of Trade Liberalization
HIV/AIDS
Progress
Recommendations
Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"Anyone with even a passing familiarity with the global economy is aware that SSA countries, despite their abundant human and natural resources, have not taken a competitive position in the global economy. While the casual observer may believe that SSA's failure to be competitive in the global economy is a result of the interior workings of the economies of those SSA nations, even a cursory investigation into world trade policies quickly reveals a bias against the growth of economies. For example, many of the trade policies established by the WTO under GATT guidelines inhibit true economic growth in SSA economies. Furthermore, those trade policies have helped shape the economic infrastructure of SSA nations, in such a manner that those countries actually maintain policies that inhibit their own economic growth."
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Malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2004.
An analysis of malaria in Sub-Saharan African countries and the methods used to control the spread of the disease.
8,901 words (approx. 35.6 pages), 27 sources, MLA, $ 186.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the occurrence of malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper reviews the first program to control the spread of malaria in Sub-Saharan African countries that started in the 1920's with larval restraint. The governments in Sub-Saharan Africa have encouraged policies that target the destruction of the mosquitoes that cause this disease, since reliable means to contain this disease are out of their reach. These policies have paved way for excessive utilization of man-made insect-killers, mainly dichlorodiphenyl trichioroethane (DDT). This man-made insect-killer is said to possess extreme side affects to both the environment and the human life. The paper examines the reasons that have triggered the developed world to ban the use of DDT and explores the attempts to influence Third World countries to also take the initiative to ban the use of DDT. The paper demonstrates that malaria entails exceedingly important economic expenditures on Sub-Saharan African countries.
Outline
Executive Summary
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Significance of the Study
Research Questions
Review of the Literature
Malaria Incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa
Age and Gender Analysis of Malaria Cases
Financial Expenses of Malaria Treatment
Malaria Prevention and Control in Sub-Saharan Africa
Pertinent Foundation
DDT is Necessary to Control Malaria
Abolishing the Use of DDT
Function of the World Health Organization
Influence of International Policies
Methodology
Collection of Data
Data Analysis and Search Tactics
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is common knowledge that malaria is the world's most lethal bloodsucking infection. Malaria takes life from more people than any other infectious virus, apart from tuberculosis (TB). Despite the fact that the geological region influenced by malaria has reduced drastically in size in the preceding five decades, restraining Malaria has turned out to be extremely difficult, in fact impossible, and the efforts and improvements by the respective governments have been wasted.
The infection is passed on by Anopheline mosquitoes, the figure and kind of which establish the degree of flow in a specified region. Augmented threat of the infection is related with transformations in the utilization of land concerning actions like highway construction, mining, logging, as well as, farming and irrigation ventures, predominantly in border regions like the Sub-Sahara Africa. One of the cures for this ailment that has been extremely useful is the utilization of DDT."
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"Understanding Contemporary Africa" by Douglas Gordon, 2002.
A look at neo-colonialism in Sub-Saharan Africa through a review of "Understanding Contemporary Africa" by Douglas Gordon.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the elements of neo-colonialism that seems to have affected a large part of the Sub-Saharan parts of Africa within the book "Understanding Contemporary Africa" by Douglas Gordon. This paper will focus on the ways that this has been achieved in the rules that the colonials have created upon the African learning systems here. With this in mind, we can see how they function in tandem.
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Patterns of Dislocation: The Slave Trade within Africa, 1990.
Examination of the slave trading era from the African perspective. Discusses how slave trade was the principle export of of sub-Saharan Africa. Also discussed are possible consequences such as depopulation and a depressed economy.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"PATTERNS OF DISLOCATION
The Slave Trade Within Africa
The slave trade of the fifteenth through nineteenth centuries is known, in popular imagination, primarily for those parts of it in which Europeans or people of European descent participated directly. We can draw on vivid images of slave ships making the Middle Passage, or of slaves being sold on the block or working in the fields in the New World. But, though the kidnapping of Kunte Kinte figured in Roots, the African end of the slave trade is far less familiar.
Yet the slave trade was the principal export trade of sub-Saharan Africa through much of the slave-trading era. By the same token, the trade goods which European slavers brought in.."
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American Foreign Policy in Sub Sahara, 2005.
Examines the U.S. foreign policy toward Sub-Saharan Africa, 1969-2005.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 14 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper examines American foreign policy towards sub-Saharan Africa, which has demonstrated continuity, for regardless of whether Democratic or Republican administrations have held power in the White House, events in sub-Saharan Africa have rarely been considered important enough to merit American attention. The paper argues that subsequently, American foreign policy attitudes about sub-Saharan Africa over the past thirty-six years can best be described as detached and dismissive.
From the Paper
"Since Richard Nixon's first term as President of the United States, American foreign policy towards sub-Saharan Africa has demonstrated continuity, for regardless of whether Democratic or Republican administrations have held power in the White House, events in sub-Saharan Africa have rarely been considered important enough to merit American attention. Subsequently, American foreign policy attitudes about sub-Saharan Africa over the past thirty-six years can best be described as detached and dismissive. The African continent has generally been considered geo-politically unimportant to the United States, so the American foreign policy establishment has paid little attention to Africa."
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Macroeconomics, 2008.
An analysis of convergence, focusing on the Sub-Saharan Africa region and the East Asian financial crisis.
1,616 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses macroeconomic issues, such as the types of convergence that exists. It focuses its discussion on the Sub-Saharan Africa region and describes its structural difficulties in implementing economic reforms. Finally, the paper examines the issues surrounding the East Asian financial crisis (or IMF crisis) that occurred in 1997.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Convergence
Sub-Saharan Africa
East Asian Financial Crisis
From the Paper
"South Korea, by this example, had average gross domestic product (GDP) rates of over 8% and this, combined with huge inflows of investment capital had given South Korea the veneer of an unassailable economic success (Chun & Kirkby, 2002, p.82). Yet, underlying the financial crisis among the affected countries were vast current account deficits that were simply not sustainable as well as a system of pegged exchange rates that encourage speculative behavior both internally and externally. In spite of the attention being paid to foreign speculators as well as to heavy borrowing by the countries themselves in order to support the system of pegged currencies, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) received much of the blame as well as ire due to its handling of the crisis."
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African and American Women, 2002.
Examination of women rights In middle America and Sub-Saharan Africa.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This seven--page undergraduate paper studies the differences and similarities in the rights of women in America with that of women in Sub-Saharan Africa. The women around the world are fighting for their rights while this battle differs in its intensity from region to region due to factors such as education, traditions, cultures etc.
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AIDS, Poverty and Society, 2002.
A look at the social and economic impact of AIDS on sub-Saharan Africa.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper relates the societal and economic factors to the epidemic of AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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European Colonialism, 2005.
This paper discusses European colonialism in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa.
1,735 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, from the 15th century onward, European colonization of Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa was motivated by economic greed and by religious zeal on the part of European nations, especially Spain, to spread Christianity to the "uncivilized" indigenous peoples. The author points out that, as a result of New World colonialism, Spanish influence is still strongly felt throughout the Americas today and British, Dutch, French and Portuguese influence is still strongly evident in many parts of Africa. The paper stresses that this European colonization created massive changes, most of which were for the worse, in the physical landscape and in the economic distribution of wealth and resources on both continents, which today continue to strongly affect the people, their lack of resources and the overall conditions of those areas.
From the Paper
"Latin America today suffers similarly in many ways, also an unfortunate legacy of past European invasion. Perhaps most interestingly, Brazil, the Latin American nation most ravaged by the Portuguese, suffers from an AIDS epidemic equal to those of parts of Africa. Indigenous peoples of Brazil, their numbers severely decreased by a smallpox epidemic brought by European settlers, live today in isolated pockets of Andean poverty. Some of Brazil's indigenous tribes are so small today that they risk dying out within the next generation. Meanwhile, Brazil's tropical rain forests continue today to be destroyed in the name of "progress", wreaking havoc with our worldwide ecosystem."
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Population Lost in the 'Middle Passage', 2003.
An analysis of why it has proved so difficult to quantify accurately the population loss as a result of the slave trade from sub-Saharan Africa in the period 1500-1865.
1,517 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
Africa?s population loss represents one of the great historical debates concerning the slave trade. The slave trade was certainly responsible for many deaths yet others such as disease, famine and warfare were endemic throughout all societies, including those on the Atlantic shores of Africa. This paper clarifies the importance of each factor in relation to the slave trade. Quantifying the population loss caused by the slave trade can only be achieved through the reliance on a number of variables and assumptions and thus even when achieved there may be inaccuracies. These are discussed and analysed.
From the Paper
"The existence and the impact of the sub-Saharan slave trade are both undisputed by historians. Slaves were exported both east and west, to Asia and to the Americas. However, whilst many sources survive to illustrate the trade?s actual existence, details of its numerical and demographic impact are scarce. Indeed, it is questionable as to whether or not they ever existed given the limited literacy rates and resources of sub-Saharan Africa over the last four hundred years. Africa?s population loss represents one of the great historical debates concerning the slave trade ? Curtin has estimated that 9 million were exported form Africa, Walvin and Eltis put forward 12 million while Inikori suggests as many as 20 million people. Whilst the limited statistical evidence may act as a hindrance when quantifying the impact on Africa?s population, it?s the many unanswered and variable factors that have so disrupted historical reckoning."
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African Poverty and the Bankruptcy of African Leadership, 2005.
Examines poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa and the failure of African leaders to enact strong economic and agricultural policies geared towards change in the region.
1,734 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper demonstrates that African leaders have contributed significantly to the growing problems of poverty in the Sub-Saharan African region by failing to address endemic problems of embezzlement, bribery, corruption, and nepotism. The paper also shows that many of these leaders are unable to institute effective economic and agricultural development policies geared towards uplifting the African people from their current state of poverty to that of self-reliance.
From the Paper
"From time to time, some parts of Africa are prone to drought, but this paper takes the position that drought constitutes a very negligible aspect of the problem of poverty in Africa. Technological innovation could be adopted to deal with the issue of drought as has been demonstrated in Israel. The core problem in Africa is bad government and poor management of the peoples' resources. Africa holds the majority of the world's natural resources, but the continent is suffering from a leadership crisis that is basically symptomatic of all the African states."
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Geo-Information Science, 2007.
An analysis of the impact of geo-information science on the developing region of sub-Saharan Africa.
3,982 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper refers to a number of sub-Saharan African examples and discusses the scope of what geo-information science (GIS) has yet to offer such developing regions. It suggests that GIS is no different than any other technological innovations available to Third World countries. The paper also describes the ways in which GIS is limited by matters of application, interpretation and general human error.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Development Complications
What Remains the Same
Post-1989 Restructuring and 'Growth'
Water and the Future
Beyond Economics - Important Development Factors
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
" Also, geo-information science methods may be more applicable at some times in matters having little to do with development as discussed. For example, spatial information visualization techniques may be more useful, for the time being, in assessing refugee flows across national borders, as the purposes to which countries hopes to devote them and to provide but one of many examples, how does one plan development with or without GIS input for border areas of Congo now settled by refugees from Rwanda, invited and uninvited? In the case of Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe's self-styled government has created a condition of relative starvation, accepted much military aid from the People's Republic of China towards an unknown but nerve-wracking political undertaking, the world waiting to know how much food aid may be permitted into the country, in the next year or so. In 2006, it was announced that with Chinese technology, Internet usage in Zimbabwe would be 'bugged' and modem use most limited on account of Mugabe's fears concerning his opposition. (BBC: 2006) Clearly, this kind of regime or overall environment does not bode well for any sort of development or studies towards future planning; earlier, like various other African regimes, Zimbabwe has forced foreign journalists and other observers and occasional NGO aid workers to leave the country."
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The Islamic World, 2002.
An examination of the respective world views of Muslims in the Middle East and both Muslims and non-Muslim Africans in sub-Saharan Africa (mainly Sudan).
730 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the respective world views of Muslims in different parts of the Arab world, focusing on religion, art and politics. It discusses how except in Israel, Islamic culture dominates the Middle East experience and a good deal of Asian experience besides and it is programmatically antithetical to the West. It shows how the northern, Arab Sudanese are historically inclined toward nationalism, adapting colonialist governance and public works structures to its purposes and united by Islam. It outlines the basic ideas informing each culture's world view as well as how it compares to the European world with a view toward identifying the differences in the way the groups characterize the found universe and human experience within it.
From the Paper
"The northern, Arab Sudanese have historically inclined toward nationalism, adapting colonialist governance and public works structures to its purposes and united by Islam. The south comprised a tribalist black population variously following animism, Christianity, and Islam and resisting both Arab nationalist and cultural identity and the public-service projects that went with it (Spodek 728). Meanwhile the country is horribly impoverished and illiterate; five percent of all land in the country is arable, but two-thirds of all workers are agricultural ("Republic"). Result: intermittent but persistent civil war warfare since independence from Britain in 1956."
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