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Teutonic Knights and Russian History, 2004.
An examination of the effect that Teutonic Knights had on the development of Russian history.
3,458 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes 12th and 13th century Russian history, focusing on the period of the Teutonic Knights and the Baltic Crusade. It explains that the area of the Rus had been Christianized in large part before the knights arrived; the Baltic region had not been Christianized very much at all, however. The Baltic tribes had been plundered by their own neighbors; in turn, the Baltic tribes plundered shipping and trading from the rest of established Europe.
From the Paper
"When we think of Russia today, especially post-Communism, we think of a vast territory stretching from somewhere vaguely European across frozen wastelands of Siberia to the Bering Straits and a stone?s throw from Alaska. But Russia, as conceived in earlier times, was more often thought of as a collection of small states?modern Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia and even Poland?and running eastward toward Moscow, but not much farther. ?The term, the Baltic Crusade, is today understood to refer first of all to the crusading program in medieval Livonia (modern Latvia and Estonia) and secondarily to those in Finland, Prussia and Lithuania. The campaigns undertaken by a variety of nationalities (primarily German, but also Swedish, Danish, Polish, English and French) extended over three centuries,? wrote William Urban in ?Victims of the Baltic Crusade. ? (1998)"
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Modern Russian Political History, 2005.
This paper reviews in detail the intricacies of modern Russian political history from the writing of the new constitution to relationships with the E.U..
7,120 words (approx. 28.5 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 159.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although Russian politics may appear to be chaotic, several factors underlie the problems in Russia, such as the history, the republics and regions and the diversity of the various groups involved. The author points out that, during the long, conflicted drafting process of the new constitution from June 1990 to November 1993, attention was often focused on the highly visible, disputed separation-of-powers doctrine; however, the process of drafting a new constitution for Russia also became protracted by the less conspicuous but progressively contentious, division-of-powers issue. The paper relates that Yeltsin's actions during the 1991 coup did much to bring democracy to Russia but he did not lived up to such ideals; even though plagued by ill health, Yeltsin's competence as a leader had long been suspect and corruption, crime and economic malaise flourished in Russia.
From the Paper
"The EU foreign ministers expressed their support for the Council of Europe's continuing cooperation with and assistance to Russia under the condition that Russia abides by its commitments. They acknowledged the efforts made by the Russian authorities for having the presence of Council of Europe experts in Russia and their promise of allowing free access by the International Red Cross to the detention camps in Chechnya. Portuguese Foreign Minister Jaime Gama and EU high representative of common foreign and defense policy Javier Solana briefed the foreign ministers about their recent trip to Moscow, where they met with President-elect Vladimir Putin and Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov."
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Russian History, 2006.
A look at the different forms of political leadership in Russia and the final move towards democracy.
5,487 words (approx. 21.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 134.95
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Abstract
This paper examines this political history of the Soviet Union, from communism, socialism and finally the adoption of democracy. It explains that the current political situation and economic state of the Russia Federation is quite weak and that it will take many years of investment in order for the situation to stabilize.
Outline:
Introduction: A Newfound Freedom
History of the Soviet Union
The Theory of Socialism
Stalin's Reformation
The Cold War
The Fall of Communism
A Newborn Economy
Five Years' Progress
Western Intervention
Conclusion: Return to Glory
From the Paper
"Economists and leaders not living within Russia's boundaries are also very interested in its reforming economy. The Soviet Union was a major player in international economics before its breakup. Outsiders are eager to see how the Russian people respond to the free market, and the impact the Russian Federation will have in the twenty-first century.
Because of the size of the country, it will be impossible for any outside force to operate Russia's fledgling economy. The ultimate success or failure of the system will depend entirely on the Russian people. (Brendenkamp) One of the most important ways that Europe and the United States can help is by providing money directly to the Russian government. This view is most popular within Russia because it would ease the transition, but many Westerners fear it would be
misused by government officials. Aid in the form of food for the 30 million living under the poverty line is more universally supported. (Brendenkamp)"
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The Russian Orthodox Church, 2005.
A brief history of the Russian Orthodox Church.
1,412 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the origins, history, traditions, and teachings of the Russian Orthodox Church. The paper also looks at the role it plays in the lives of many Russians, how the Church was treated by governments of different eras in Russian history, and describes the architecture and design of typical Orthodox Churches.
From the Paper
"The Russian Orthodox Church has a strong political and spiritual influence over the entire Russian state. They believe two thousand years ago, Jesus Christ, the Son of God, came to earth and founded the Church through his apostles and disciples, for the salvation of man. In the years, which followed, the Apostles spread the Church and its teachings far and founded many churches partaking of the Mysteries or Sacraments of the Holy Church. God the Father is considered the fountainhead of the Holy Trinity. Jesus Christ is the second person of the Holy Trinity, eternally born of the Father. The Holy Spirit is considered one of the persons of the Holy Trinity and is one essence with the Father. Incarnations refer to Jesus Christ coming. The eternal Son of God the Father assumed to himself a complete human nature from the Virgin Mary. Salvations means the divine gift through men and women are delivered from sin and death and united to Christ and brought into his eternal kingdom. Baptism means the way a person is actually united to Christ. The experience of salvations is initiated in the waters of Baptism."
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Stanislavsky, 2002.
Explores how Russian history influenced the theories of Constantin Stanislavsky and Russian theater in general.
1,754 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
Constantin Stanislavsky is the father of modern acting theory. His theories which he extols in his four books, "My Life in Art" (1924), "An Actor Prepares" (1936), "Building a Character" (1941) and "Creating a Role" (1961) have had an unparalleled effect on actors and acting instructors throughout the world. Acting theorists such as Vsevelod Meyerhold, Uta Hagen and Bertold Brecht have all taken his theories into account while developing their own. Indeed, entire movements in world drama have been in part inspired by the work of Stanislavsky.
This paper focuses on Stanislavsky's influence on Russia. During his life and his career, Russia went through many changes. Two major events in Russian history would determine the fate of theatre and as a result Stanislavsky. The first was the failed revolution in 1905, or ?The Great Rehearsal,? as Lenin called it. The second major event which affected Stanislavsky (which in turn affected Russian theater) was the 1917 revolution.
From the Paper
"Konstantin Stanislavsky developed the Moscow Art Theatre in 1898. The creation of this particular theatre was important in that it differed from many of the other theatres of the time. It was a fully professional theatre organization and it emphasized new plays as opposed to older work. Stanislavsky believed that new plays would bring the theatre to life. His theatrical philosophy was that the actor was an educator and that plays were tools of education. As a result the initial work produced at the theatre was not successful. It wasn?t until Stanislavsky partnered with a young playwright named Anton Chekhov that the theatre attained any commercial success."
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Soviet Absolutism, 2006.
Argues that the Soviet absolutism we see in the Russian leaders of today has its origins in Russian history and is an inherent aspect of Russian society.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that Putin's authority in Russia today draws upon the same wellspring of absolutism that fuelled the power and destructiveness of the Red Czar, Stalin. In this analysis, the Soviet absolutism of the 20th century is rooted in Russian traditions that stretch back for centuries under the Czarist empire. In this context the Soviet era desire for a strong absolutist leader who will fix things will be seen to have been a recurring element in Russian society for much of its history.
From the Paper
"Today, in the early 21st century, Soviet Russia of the 20th century and the Czarist empire of the centuries before that are shadows of history remembered - if at all - through Cold War spy thrillers and the memories of an older generation of Ukrainians, Russians, and East Europeans whose lives were shaped or destroyed by Soviet power. In the popular view, Russia is a westernized - if corrupt - no different from many authoritarian "democracies" around the world. This essay will argue, however, that this view of Russia is radically flawed."
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The Czars of Russia, 2003.
A discussion of the different czars of Russia and their impact on Russian history and culture.
2,679 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how during most of Russia?s history, from the time of the later Middle Ages until 1917, the predominant ruler of this land was the czar. It examines how beginning slowly with Alexander Nevsky and ending swiftly and dramatically with Czar Nicholas II, how the history of the czars? is filled with triumph and defeat, jubilee and sadness, war and peace and most of all, never-ending change.
From the Paper
"For about the next hundred years, Mongols princes slowly built up their power and independence away from the khan. In 1462 Ivan III, known as Ivan the Great, began his rule. He purchased and conquered lands around him, including the rich merchant republic of Novgorod (McKay, Buckler, Hill, 2003). This greatly expanded the territory that was directly ruled by the Moscow princes, and in turn expanded his power. In place of the princes who he had defeated, he put in place new princes who were strongly loyal to him. He demanded the loyalty of the nobility in a very coy manner. He changed the nobility into ?service nobility?, in which they could only own land if they served in his army (McKay, Buckler, Hill, 2003). In 1480 he announced his sovereignty over the khans. The Tatars (Mongols) sent in troops, but Ivan successfully held them off for seven months until their retreat. Moscow became the capital and the official rule of Russia free from Tatar influence began (?Muscovite Russia?)."
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The Russian Mafia versus the Japanese Yakuza, 2008.
This is a comparative paper between the Russian Mafia and the Japanese Yakuza and includes the topics of how each is organized, the methods used, and their respective histories.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the many similarities and few differences between the Russian Mafia and the Japanese Yakuza. Specifically, the paper looks at how each is organized, the methods each employs, and the respective histories of each organization. In so doing, the paper ultimately argues that the chief differences between the two organizations are twofold: the Russian Mafia, for historical and cultural reasons, is even more powerful than its Japanese counterpart because of its close ties to the Russian state, and the Russian Mafia is even more brutal in its methods than the Yakuza - or most anyone else. In the final analysis, Robert I. Friedman and other close observers are not wrong to view the "Red Mafiya" with trepidation and dread.
Outline:
Introduction
How the Japanese Yakuza is Organized
How the Russian Mafia is Organized
The Methods Employed by the Japanese Yakuza
The Methods Employed by the Russian Mafia
History of the Japanese Yakuza
History of the Russian Mafia
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Russian Mafia has been around at least as long as its Yakuza counterpart. James O. Finckenauer writes that stealing the Czar's timber was not considered criminal during much of modern Russian history and professional criminals in the early years of the twentieth century conspired with Marxist political revolutionaries to overthrow first the Czar and then the short-lived revolutionary government that followed. While it is not clear, it appears as though the modern-day Russian Mafia was shaped by the exigencies of the Soviet-era Communist economy - an economy that often failed to provide adequately for its citizens. As a result, a 'shadow' economy sprang up, and it was one in which a criminal entrepreneurial class able to operate outside the law found the perfect climate in which to flourish."
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Russian Mennonites, 2007.
An analysis of the history and culture of the Russian Mennonite society.
1,833 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the history and background of the Mennonite society in Russia. It discusses their structure and culture, as well as their function and purpose as they see it. The paper also discusses how their fortunes changed in Russia and looks at their attempts to flee from the country to begin a new life elsewhere.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many of the Mennonites discussed the situation and decided to leave Russia and search out new lands to settle in. With the possibility of losing 40,000 of its most industrious and prosperous farmers, Russia met with the colonies and convinced many of them there would be untold hardships in other countries for those who left the comforts of Russia (The Russian Mennonites http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Mennonite). Many Mennonites were frightened by this discussion and agreed to stay. It did not last long however, and the ravages of war and other politically motivated measures in Russia convinced the Mennonites to restart the exodus plan."
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The Russian Revolution, 2004.
A paper that questions the inevitability of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
2,120 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This work first addresses the idea that the Russian Revolution of 1917 was inevitable, given the charged events that had occurred in and around Russia preceding the event. It then looks at the issue from the opposite angle, describing ways in which it might have never happened. Given the extreme nature of the events and the almost unavoidable idea that the way history has occurred is the only way it could have, in hindsight, there is a need to better understand the concept from what happened and what could have happened. It states that it is also an accepted fact that understanding Russia is impossible without a clear understanding of her history, both as a Soviet state and as an imperial power. The paper states that change was inevitable, but also asks if that is true of the Russian Revolution of 1917 as well.
From the Paper
"Clearly the Russian Revolution or something equally extreme was in the works inside the politically charged environment within Russia during these times. (Riasanovsky 435-460) Though it is clear that the powers associated with the February, and especially the October revolutions where in many ways caught unprepared, as many of the main figures, Lenin included were organizing in exile. (Gunther 43-44)
Within the years preceding it many events shaped the future of the Russian government, including the first Russian Revolution, mentioned above, in 1905. The reasons for which were largely associated with a growing rural crisis, associated with falling grain international prices, archaic technology in agriculture, and drastic increases in the rural population that due to many factors could not be supported by the land."
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Russian Futurism, 2002.
An analysis of Russian futurism and concepts of a Russian utopia through a literature review.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the ideas of Russian futurism that was so prevalent in the Russia at the beginning, and the middle of the 20th century. By realizing the contributions of some of its authors, a look at the language of Zuam will be analyzed, as well the literature that so powerful in setting this example for Russian culture. By arguing for a lapse in the final stages of a Russian utopia, we can see how this artistic was a valued one, but held secondary to the Dada Movement and other radical elements in the time that held greater sway in their influence.
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Russian Music, 2002.
An analysis of the history of Russian music, including a focus on its impact on present day Russian society.
1,062 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the ups and downs of Russian music throughout the Soviet Union?s tumultuous history. The paper examines the impact that music has on Russians today. This paper also discusses the music during the pre-revolutionary years, post-revolutionary years, the Stalin years, the post-Stalin years, and Gorbachev?s perestroika years.
From the Paper
"The years before the Russian Revolution of 1905 and the Russian revolution of 1917 are considered the pre-revolutionary years. The Russian Revolution of 1905 was an unsuccessful attempt to topple the ruling czar and it all started with the Bloody Sunday Massacre. The Russian revolution of 1917 succeeded in overthrowing the imperial government and replacing them with the Bolsheviks. The pre-revolutionary years, in Russia, were filled with Byzantium liturgical chants, nationalistic folk songs, operas, and symphonies. In 988, Prince Vladimir of Kiev decided that Russian?s national religion would be Byzantine Orthodoxy and that?s how the Byzantium liturgical chants ended up in Russia. However, after the Russians created their own style of liturgical chants, it was called znammeny chants. This type of music was entirely vocal and there were no musical instruments accompanying the chants."
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Russian Organized Crime, 2007.
This paper discusses the Russian mafia and the dangers they pose today.
914 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the origins of Russian organized crime and its activities in the U.S. The paper discusses how Russian organized crime exploits technology in a variety of white-collar computer crimes including counterfeiting, credit card schemes and insurance frauds. The paper labels the Russian mafia as one of the most dangerous organized crime groups in the world today. The paper relates that not only is the Russian mafia extremely violent and versatile in its choice of criminal activities, it also holds no qualms about trafficking in nuclear weaponry between countries and political terror organizations. The paper contends that the Russian mafia should be one of the top priorities for worldwide law enforcement and control.
From the Paper
"Russian organized crime (or the Russian mafia) spread quickly after the evaporation of the Soviet Union in 1991. Organized crime spread quickly in Russia, and many experts believe one reason was that the chaotic government system after the breakup resulted in an atmosphere of mistrust and bribery in order to survive. One historian notes, "In order to survive, ordinary citizens had to act like criminals; they had to master the intricacies of the corrupt state bureaucracy, learn how to bribe officials, and develop skills in forging and counterfeiting documents" (Kelly, 2000, p. 268). Thus, the conditions were perfect for the growth and sustenance of a healthy organized crime culture in the former Soviet Union, and this quickly spread to the United States."
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"Russian Folk Belief", 2004.
A review of the book, "Russian Folk Belief", by Linda Ivanits.
1,615 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Linda Ivanits?s book, "Russian Folk Belief". The paper states that the book is a foundational, and possibly one-of-a-kind work, exploring concepts of Russian culture that have previously been unknown. The bedrock themes that are present within Ivanits's work are continually demonstrated within her text through real memories and experiences of Russian people. The paper describes how Ivanits clearly demonstrates how a tradition associated with eons of standards and cultural practices has evolved through more modern times into the age of Christianity. Each section of her book weaves the roots of Russian folk belief with the dominance of the Christian ethic and practice.
From the Paper
"Ivanits give and initial account of the Pagan history of many supernatural beliefs and identities all of which are rich and varied and inclusive of the Russian peasant lifestyle. Ivanits then moves on to introduce the reader to the themes as they associate to the names and faces of the Christian personages. Superimposition of the personification of the saints and characters of the past in Russian Orthodoxy is proven without a doubt to be associated with the foundational personifications of historical supernatural pagan identities. "
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Russian Literature, 2002.
A discussion of the life and literary work of Russian emigres.
3,106 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the life and literary work of Russian emigres draws upon a very distinct Russian tradition of intellectuals in exile and how both the Russian Empire and Soviet Union had many exiles, both inside the empire and outside it. It looks at how many of those that left voluntarily early in their lives such as Vladimir Nabokov, Boris Pasternak, and Ayn Rand, reflected the sentiments of those that were later forced into political exile, which include Brodsky, Solzhenitsyn and Sakhalov. In particular, it focuses on Nabokov?s cohort of Russian emigres to Europe and America.
From the Paper
"Nabokov was a native of Saint Petersburg, which at the time of his childhood dominated Russian culture as it had been the home of the Czar and represented not only the seat of the Russian government but also its connection to the commerce of the west. Nabokov, like Rand and other emigres who grew up in Piter during the aughts and teens, was a child of privilege who vacationed in the Crimea and in continental Europe; in many respects he was similar to the upper middle class that one finds today in Moscow. Nabokov grew up in a wealthy suburb of St. Petersburg; at that time, small villages like Vyra and Tsarsky Celo had regular rail service to the center of town. He was taught by private tutors and spoke several languages from a very early age."
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