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Russian Foreign Policy, 2004.
Compares Russian foreign policy from the period 1950 to mid-1980 to the foreign policy of Russia from 1985 to the present.
2,508 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes the difference in Russian foreign policy between the periods of 1950 to 1985 and 1985 to the present. The paper explores the Cold War, the fall of the Soviet Union, and the dynamics of Russia today, as well as how these factors influenced foreign policy.
From the Paper
"From an early age, Russia has always been different than its European counterparts. The geographical aspect of the country, especially, lends to its inherent differences. Located in the barren North of both Europe and Asia, Russia has always been faced with geographical and cultural barriers. These differences were accentuated in the early 20th century when Lenin and the Communist party overthrew the ruling Czar?a move that would change the political landscape of the country for almost a decade to come."
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Russian Foreign Market, 2003.
A discussion of the factors taken into account by foreign investors in Russia.
1,874 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the changing face of the Russian economy and what foreign investors need to consider before investing in the country. It looks at some of the economic measures taken by the government and how these could be beneficial to encourage foreign investment.
From the Paper
"Despite many benefits of a Russian market, political and economic instability has been a hindrance to foreign investment. President Vladimir Putin has begun to stabilize the economy, which is in turn increasing investor confidence. While the payoff for a successful international investment into Russia would be great, the current economic state as well as challenges such as taxes, fast changing government regulations, and especially corruption, make the country unattractive for foreign investment at the present time. Investors would however, be wise to keep a close eye on Russia, as the economy looks to be growing and diversifying; the next few years may prove to be a very beneficial time for international investment."
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The Continuing Importance of Russia to the United States, 2000.
An examination of several security reasons for Russia?s continuing significance in U.S. foreign policy.
1,605 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 10 sources, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper details several security reasons for Russia?s continuing significance in U.S. foreign policy. The first section deals with Russia?s disintegration, listing many of the reasons it has been recently ignored. The rest of the paper presents several theories backed by credible players in international affairs concerning the need for Russia to once again emerge as a pillar of world security.
Russian Societal Failings (Reasons it is ignored)
Reasons for Importance
Inability to Secure Nuclear Resources
Connection to Rogue States
Geographic Position - rightful influence in Asian affairs ?
balance China?s growing power
From the Paper
"Seven years after the collapse of the USSR, Russia, whose GDP has contracted 5% a year and already an estimated 43% lower than its height in 1991, is still struggling to establish a modern market economy and achieve strong economic growth (Encarta Multimedia Encyclopedia 1). By the end of 1997, Russia had achieved some progress, and the government could proudly boast of bringing inflation under control, stabilizing the ruble, and transferring thousands of enterprises into private hands. Some important market-oriented laws were also passed, including a commercial code governing business relations and an arbitration court for resolving economic disputes. But in 1998, the Asian financial crisis swept through the country, which contributed to a sharp decline in Russia's earnings from oil exports and resulting in an exodus of foreign investors, and soon leading to the nadir of the Russian economy in August with the ruble?s precipitous fall and the government?s inability to pay $40 billion in ruble bonds. Two years later, at the beginning the new millennium, the world awash in prosperity, Russia?s problems remain daunting, from an undeveloped legal and financial system to poor progress on restructuring the military-industrial complex (the newest military hardware dates from the 1950?s) to persistently large budget deficits to widespread corruption. The severity of Russia's economic problems is dramatized by the large annual decline in population, estimated by some observers at 800,000 people, caused by environmental hazards, the decline in health care, and the unwillingness of people to have children (CIA Fact File 3)."
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Russian Intelligence Structure and Operations, 2002.
Examines how the Russian government pursues its foreign intelligence operations and espionage, specifically in the U.S.
2,466 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the workings of the SVR (Russian Foreign Intelligence Service), GRU (Main Intelligence Directorate of General Staff) and FAPSI (Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information). It examines how the changing of the KGB into FSB affected the role of Russian intelligence. The paper explores how the Russians operate their espionage systems all over the world and specifically inside the U.S. Finally, the paper looks at how Cuba and its facilities are helping Russia perform espionage operations in the White House and the Pentagon.
From the Paper
"The Russian Federation has a significant intelligence capability that it inherited from former Soviet Union. Much of this intelligence collection infrastructure continues to focus on collecting information concerning the United States. Russia has the ability to use IMINT, SIGINT, HUMINT, MASINT and open source analysis to develop all source intelligence products for Russian political leaders, military planners, and industrial concerns. According to FBI, Russian intelligence operations against the United States have increased in sophistication, scope, and number and are likely to remain at a high level for the foreseeable future."
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Foreign Direct Investment, 2007.
An analysis of foreign direct investment in the Russian oil sector.
12,638 words (approx. 50.6 pages), 30 sources, MLA, $ 242.95
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Abstract
This paper deals primarily with foreign direct investment (FDI) as it pertains to developing countries. It discusses some of the problems and benefits that may be seen from FDI, with a specific case study examination of the Russian oil sector. The paper then discusses the tie-in between British Petroleum and Tyumen Oil Company (TNK). The paper also discusses sovereign ratings and problems that surround these companies and FDI. The paper concludes with suggestions on how to minimize these problems.
Table of Contents:
chapter 1 - Introduction
Background/Overview Of The Problem
Research Question
Benefits Of The Study
Scope Of The Study
Chapter 2 - Literature Review
Industry/Organizational Background & Perspective
What Is Foreign Direct Investment?
The Two Main Forms Of FDI
Greenfield Investment
Mergers & Acquisitions
Distribution Of FDI In Many Countries
Factors Affecting FDI
The Roles Of Government Policy In FDI
Favorable Policies Toward FDI
Restricting Polices Toward FDI
Various Theories Of FDI
FDI And Multinational Corporations
Case Study - British Petroleum And TNK
Chapter 3 - Research Methodology
Research Design
Data Collection Method
Chapter 4 - Data Analysis And Presentation
Porter's Five Forces Model And The Russian Oil Sector
Chapter 5 -Conclusions And Recommendation
From the Paper
"However, even though the government problems in many areas are no longer what they were, this does not mean that the corrections will be rapid or automatic. There is a 'status quo' in many countries, and changing that is often very difficult, because people have lived with it for so long. Those that are high up in government or business are generally content, most likely, with what they have, and therefore they do not want changes to be made. For those that work in menial jobs, however, the idea of change and improvement is likely very appealing."
"These changes can be helped along by FDI, but these countries must also find ways to help themselves, because counting on FDI is not necessarily a good choice for these countries. Where the Russian oil sector is concerned, it would appear that the country could count on the FDI dollars that they are getting, but the future may change this as other companies begin to realize that they could invest in other countries more cheaply."
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U.S. Foreign Aid To Russia, 2002.
Contends that the American foreign policy and support of the Russian transformation has had mixed results.
6,750 words (approx. 27.0 pages), 30 sources, $ 135.95
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Abstract
Contends that the American foreign policy and support of the Russian transformation has had mixed results. Provides an overview of the transformation. Discusses Russia's system under Putin and concerns regarding the establishment of Democracy in Russia. Examines U.S. Programs (USAID, etc) to assist Russia and the functional powers of such aid. Discusses American foreign aid and Russia and past American bilateral assistance. Argues that American assistance to Russsia has not bolstered the country's Democratic institutions.
From the Paper
"The Russian Transformation and the Role of American Support
Introduction and Statement of Purpose
American foreign policy in general, and America's use of foreign aid or assistance in particular, has always been understood as reflective of both domestic and international political, security, economic and military concerns (Clad & Stone, 1993). Periodic electoral shifts in the period since the end of World War II have resulted in ideologically inspired shifts in aid policy, as in the abrupt tilt toward free-market development after 1981 and the beginning of the Reagan years; the collapse of the former Soviet Union in 1989, perhaps the major event shaping American foreign policy and aid decisions in the latter half of the century, also resulted in dramatic changes in America's bilateral and multilateral assistance programs (Clad & Stone ..."
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China Market-Foreign Exchange Rate, 2006.
A look at how China uses its foreign exchange rate to make it difficult for foreign goods and imports to penetrate the Chinese market while simultaneously encouraging foreign investment.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This research examines the supposition that China utilizes its foreign exchange rate to erect an effective barrier to foreign imports of goods and services while it encourages foreign direct investment. The strategy China employs to expand its export market and minimize its import market is simple but effective and not as blatantly antagonistic as an outright tariff on imports or imposition of quotas on imported goods.
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The Legality of Foreign Judgements, 2004.
An analysis of sections 13 and 14 of the 1900 Indian Civil Procedure Code.
3,697 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
The paper studies the binding nature of the foreign judgments i.e. judgments given by the courts in foreign countries and the scope and object of section 13 of the Indian Civil Procedure Code. It also describes project describes the conditions under which the judgments given by any foreign court creates the rule of estoppel or res judicata.
Outline
Nature and Scope of Sec. 13, C.P.C.
Jurisdiction to Foreign Courts
Binding Nature of Foreign Judgments: Principles
Foreign Judgment Not By a Competent Court
Foreign Judgment Not on Merits
Foreign Judgment Against International or Indian Law
Foreign Judgments Opposed to Natural Justice
Foreign Judgment Obtained By Fraud
Foreign Judgment Founded on Breach of Indian Law
Presumption as to Foreign Judgments: Section 14
Submission to Jurisdiction of Foreign Court
Conclusiveness of Foreign Judgment
Enforcement of Foreign Judgments
Foreign Awards
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Explaining the nature of fraud, de Grey, C.J. stated that though a judgment would be res judicata and not impeachable from within, it might be impeachable from without. In other words, though it is not permissible to show that the court was "mistaken", it might be shown that it was "misled". There is an essential distinction between mistake and trickery. The clear implication of the distinction is that an action to set aside a judgment cannot be brought on the ground that it has been wrongly decided, namely, that on the merits, the decision was one which should not have been rendered, but it can be set aside if the court was imposed upon or tricked into giving the judgment."
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The Foreign Policy of France, 2008.
An analysis of French foreign policy over the past ten years and a projection of likely French foreign policy positions in the coming five years.
1,828 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper is written from the perspective of a senior analyst in the National Interests and Foreign Policies Group. It provides a foreign policy analysis and evaluation which focuses on French foreign policy over the past ten years. It also provides a projection of likely French foreign policy positions in the coming five years. The paper examines the attitudes of other member countries and international organizations towards French foreign policy.
From the Paper
"Because of deteriorating relations between the United States and Muslim governments throughout the Middle East, France and other European powers such as Germany and Russia are recognizing that they must demonstrate leadership in the international community and make every effort to pursue diplomatic solutions. According to my analysis, Democratic control of the U. S. Congress, and recent calls by American leaders for a diplomacy and political solutions are providing France with an opportunity to take the initiative and play a leading international role in brokering peace agreements between Israel and the Palestinians, and some form of ceasefire in Iraq."
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Russian Economic Transformation, 1994.
A look at the problems of the Russian Republic before and after the Soviet collapse, including the inappropriateness of capitalism, reforms, politics, foreign investment and risks, consumer research, joint ventures and the future. With tables.
4,950 words (approx. 19.8 pages), 24 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"Russian Economic Transformation
Introduction
This research examines the process and status of economic transformation in the Republic of Russia. The scope of this research covers the period subsequent to the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 (Berger, 1993, p. 32); however, the principal focus of this examination is on the status of and developments in the Russian economy in the 1993-1994 period.
The Republic of Russia is, in effect, the successor state to the former Soviet Union (Brockway, 1994, pp. 12-13). Although any of the 15 autonomous republics of the former Soviet Union could claim such a designation, the Russian Republic is the only one of those 15 states that retains any semblance of the international stature of the former Soviet Union."
The emergenc
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The Russian Mafia versus the Japanese Yakuza, 2008.
This is a comparative paper between the Russian Mafia and the Japanese Yakuza and includes the topics of how each is organized, the methods used, and their respective histories.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the many similarities and few differences between the Russian Mafia and the Japanese Yakuza. Specifically, the paper looks at how each is organized, the methods each employs, and the respective histories of each organization. In so doing, the paper ultimately argues that the chief differences between the two organizations are twofold: the Russian Mafia, for historical and cultural reasons, is even more powerful than its Japanese counterpart because of its close ties to the Russian state, and the Russian Mafia is even more brutal in its methods than the Yakuza - or most anyone else. In the final analysis, Robert I. Friedman and other close observers are not wrong to view the "Red Mafiya" with trepidation and dread.
Outline:
Introduction
How the Japanese Yakuza is Organized
How the Russian Mafia is Organized
The Methods Employed by the Japanese Yakuza
The Methods Employed by the Russian Mafia
History of the Japanese Yakuza
History of the Russian Mafia
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Russian Mafia has been around at least as long as its Yakuza counterpart. James O. Finckenauer writes that stealing the Czar's timber was not considered criminal during much of modern Russian history and professional criminals in the early years of the twentieth century conspired with Marxist political revolutionaries to overthrow first the Czar and then the short-lived revolutionary government that followed. While it is not clear, it appears as though the modern-day Russian Mafia was shaped by the exigencies of the Soviet-era Communist economy - an economy that often failed to provide adequately for its citizens. As a result, a 'shadow' economy sprang up, and it was one in which a criminal entrepreneurial class able to operate outside the law found the perfect climate in which to flourish."
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U.S. Foreign Policy, 2004.
Compares U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East with U.S. foreign policy in Latin America.
956 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the U.S. foreign policy towards Middle Eastern and Latin American countries before 9/11 and post 9/11. The foreign policy is analyzed, its inherent problems are highlighted, and a comparison of U.S. foreign policy towards the Middle East with U.S. foreign policy towards Latin America is made.
From the Paper
"With all eyes turned toward Iraq and the Middle East, South America rarely makes the headlines in the United States. Except for perhaps tighter controls and security on U.S. borders and waterways since September 11th , it seems Latin foreign policies are not top priorities for Washington. However, recent events in October in Bolivia led to ?a massive mobilization of Indians and peasants?military crackdowns that left as many as 70 people dead?and led to the demise of the conservative Gonzalo S?nchez de Lozada government on Oct."
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Politics and U.S. Foreign Aid Decisions, 2002.
An examination of the foreign policies of the Bush administration and how they determine foreign aid decisions.
1,911 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
As fiscal year 2004 budget proposals are clogging up the legislative hopper, this paper reviews the Bush administration's foreign aid policies and payouts. It looks at how Bush?s conservative political philosophy effects foreign aid and why it is nearly impossible to reach an approximate figure on total U.S. foreign aid disbursements.
From the Paper
"To begin with, how much does the U.S. spend on foreign aid? According to the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB, 2002), the U.S. government poured some $23 billion into international assistance programs of one kind or another last year. Of that, $9.9 billion was ?official development assistance? to foreign nations; $12.7 billion went for ?other government assistance? to foreign nations. But those numbers do not reflect the $9.3 billion that it costs to run the U.S. Department of State (which interacts with foreign governments at many levels), nor do the numbers include the billions in secret military hardware and technologies given to nations ?friendly? to the U.S. by the Bush Administration. After all, when it comes to definitions, foreign ?aid? is foreign aid whether it is rice, milk, medical supplies, equipment for drilling wells for fresh water in Africa munitions for the Columbian government to do battle with drug lords, or millions to oil drilling companies to restart Iraqi energy facilities."
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Russian Futurism, 2002.
An analysis of Russian futurism and concepts of a Russian utopia through a literature review.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the ideas of Russian futurism that was so prevalent in the Russia at the beginning, and the middle of the 20th century. By realizing the contributions of some of its authors, a look at the language of Zuam will be analyzed, as well the literature that so powerful in setting this example for Russian culture. By arguing for a lapse in the final stages of a Russian utopia, we can see how this artistic was a valued one, but held secondary to the Dada Movement and other radical elements in the time that held greater sway in their influence.
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Foreign Direct Investment.
This paper discusses the major costs and benefits for host countries of foreign direct investment.
1,925 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that foreign direct investment includes equity investment, both wholly foreign-owned and joint venture investment; contractual investment, including contractual joint ventures and oil exploration ventures; and other forms of activities, such as compensation trade, processing and assembling arrangements, and international leasing. The author points out that the purpose of foreign direct investment is to boost the economies of the host nation while providing the foreign nation with a means of investment, which is both lucrative and efficient, allowing countries to share ideas, increasing awareness of foreign markets, and developing valuable business skills. The paper relates problems involved in assessing the impact of inward investment on any individual host nation and states that the main reasons for such problems are strict labor, product, and market rules.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview of Foreign Direct Investment
Cost and Benefits Associated with Foreign Direct Investment
The Stability of Foreign Direct Investment
Benefit
Costs
Stimulation of National Economy
Benefits
Costs
Development of Infrastructure and Shared Technology
Benefits
Costs
Crowding In and Crowding Out
Benefits
Costs
Assessing the Impact of Inward Investment on Any Individual Host Nation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although the transfer of technology can be beneficial to the economy of the host country, it can also be detrimental if the businesses in the host country or the culture of the host country are not prepared to deal with these new technologies. The Earth Summit report explains that the technology that foreign firms utilize may be inappropriate for the local needs of the host country. These technologies may also require a great deal of investment capital and negatively affect small businesses because they will not be able to adapt to the changing technological climate. In addition, the external changes that may occur may not be an improvement over the already existing approaches."
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