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Peasant Life and the Bubonic Plague, 2008.
An analysis of peasant life during the bubonic plague in a Medieval village.
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this paper a medieval village has been evaluated for class stratification, health policy, and the nature of the bubonic plague in the Middle Ages. The paper explains that by representing a fictional citizen of this town, one can begin to understand the lack of medical science and policy initiatives that eventually led to a wide spread epidemic in medieval society. The paper then analyzes the various aspects of the bubonic plague within this study of life in a medieval town during the year 1349. The paper also explores how, by being unaware of the nature of the disease and its symptoms, medieval communities were annihilated by a lack of quarantine policies that would have prevented more infections.
From the Paper
"The issue of class hierarchy in our town makes virtual servants or "vassals" to our Lord or landowner on the hill. We make sure to farm the local area to provide food for our Lord, and he--in return--makes sure that we are protected with his various knights from other landowners. Also, the Church is prominent in our town, and we have the local clergy on a neighboring hill--making sure that prayers are being said to remove the plague from our village. However, although a peasant--like myself--might view the Roman Catholic Church as an institution that would help the poor and suffering, the clergy have monastic retreats in the countryside, in which, they do nothing to help solve our medical dilemma."
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Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East", 2005.
This paper discuses Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East", a modern history of the Middle East from the perspective of the changing peasant and urban artisan classes and the emerging modern working-classes.
1,880 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 0 sources, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East" begins in 1750, which marks the start of modern history for the Middle East because of (1) the rise of autonomous provincial regimes, (2) the expansion of agricultural production and (3) the intensification of links between several parts of the Ottoman Empire and the world capitalist market. The author points out that Beinin argues that industrial manufacturing was introduced to the Middle East as part of a drive to establish modern armies and extend the power of the states. The paper relates that Beinin considers the period after the collapse of global oil prices in 1985-86, when states became unable to provide previously established levels of services, thus creating an economic and moral vacuum, as the beginning of the political Islamic movements of establishing a popular base by offering social services, including education, health care and child care.
From the Paper
"During the era of Fordism-Keynesianism many Middle Eastern states pursued policies of populism, nationalist anti-imperialism, state-led economic development, and import-substitution industrialization. Some examples of this post-World War II trend he cites were Muhammad Mossadegh's nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1951 and Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal Company in 1956. State-led development and import-substitution industrialization were key components of the social policies advanced by Gamal 'Abd al-Nasir in Egypt, the Ba'th in Syria and Iraq and the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) from the 1950s to the 1970s. The political and economic programs of these authoritarian-populist regimes were designated "Arab nationalism" and "Arab socialism" respectively."
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Peasants? Revolt, 2006.
A review of the causes for the Peasants' Revolt of 1381.
1,371 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the main causes of the 1381 Peasants' Revolt. It gives a general background of the roles that Christianity and the church play within society. The author explains how religion has the capacity to both incite and quell rebellions. Usually, the distinction between the two rests in the distinction between the teachings of religion and the establishments responsible for relaying those teachings. The paper expands on how the peasants' revolt of 1381 clearly exemplifies this schism and explains this apparent duel-edged power of the Church.
From the Paper
"By 1381, however, the Catholic Church was facing crises on a number of fronts. "It was the papacy of Urban VI, however, and the anti-French reforms that became associated with it, which was to split the Church for nearly half a century. . . . The great 'schism' meant that two popes now ruled God's kingdom on earth." This divided the organizational structure of the Church and undermined the supposedly divinely appointed position of the pope. Since the obvious bases for the great schism were political in nature, it was easy for everyone in Christendom to recognize the non-spiritual foundations upon which the Church fundamentally rested. Additionally, the opposing religious sides birthed even more fierce divisions along cultural and geographic boundaries. Notably for Britain, the Scots openly supported the French pope while the English supported the Italian pope. This gave the English added cause to attack the Scots; a sequence of events that would have implications for the revolt."
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The Peasants and the French Revolution, 2001.
Examines the role of the large population of French peasants in the French Revolution of 1789.
952 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the role of the farming peasantry of France in pushing forward the French Revolution. What grievances and suffering had the peasants endured that led to open revolt in 1789, and what revolutionary responses did they take? While not representative of the political or intellectual strength that provoked the French Revolution, the peasant?s role in toppling the old regime cannot be ignored. This essay describes and evaluates that role.
From the Paper
"It should be said before beginning that during the initial struggle between the status quo and the other classes (aristocracy, bourgeoisie, workers), the peasants had played little or no role. In fact, they had literally no part in ?provoking? the first responses and revolts, and before July, 14, 1789 there was scarcely any question of the peasants. Their grievances and complaints were of little interest to the National Assembly, in which they had no members (Lefebvre 131). Yet, if one examines the story of the French peasantry and evidence provided by Georges Lefebvre, it can be argued that they had had been suffering longer and had more to complain about than any of the other classes of French society and that their actions in July and August, 1789 were utterly crucial ones. In the end, it was the mass peasant uprising of 1789 that pushed forward the revolution, destroying the remnants of the manorial and feudal system, and finally bringing all the non-aristocratic social classes in France fully together in their efforts to topple the status quo."
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The Life of European Peasants, 2006.
An analysis of the life of European peasants in the 15th and 17th centuries.
1,112 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at 15th and 17th century Europe from the perspective of the peasants. According to the paper, these were socially, politically and economically trying times, and not easy for anyone.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Fifteenth Century Europe
Seventeenth Century Europe
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Seventeeth Century Europe. By the seventeenth century, an economic transformation was underway in western Europe; however, most eastern European peasants were largely outside the cash economy. One author reports that in eastern Europe, "Townspeople were few, and a relative handful of rich lords did not by themselves create a very large market. . . . In general, the further East one got, the slower new techniques were to spread. Thus there were supply-side reasons for grain exports from preemancipation eastern Europe to stagnate at a level far below what was ecologically possible" (Pomeranz 258). While there were distinct differences involved in these regions, there were some commonalities as well."
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Evolution of Peasants' Clothing in Europe, 2002.
Examines how changing social conditions were reflected in the dress of peasants in Europe.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper shall examine how the changes in social conditions in Europe enabled the peasant classes to wear different types of clothing. There is an emphasis on how clothing served to indicate social change.
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Chinese Peasants & 1949 Revolution, 1996.
Role played by common masses in events before & after Communist victory. History, peasants' associations, village structure (rich, middle & poor), motivation, resistance and indoctrination.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 4 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"This study will examine the role played by Chinese peasants in the Chinese Communist revolution which brought the communists to power in 1949. The primary role of the peasants in that revolution had to do with efforts in land reform. Also important to an understanding of this issue are the Peasants' Associations and the differences between the three categories of peasants---rich, middle and poor. In general, however, it can fairly be said that the peasants were profoundly crucial to the revolution and to its ultimate success. As William Hinton writes in Iron Oxen: A Documentary of Revolution in Chinese Farming, "Everything that had been achieved in the Communist areas had been carried through by the united efforts and hard work of the people. The people's brains and muscles were the primary resource" (Hinton Iron 25)
It is undeniable that the peasants depended on organization.."
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Peasants In French Revolution Of 1789, 1990.
Explores the role of poor farmers in the success of the revolution over the monarchy.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"This study will explore the role of the peasants in the French Revolution and will argue that without the massive participation of the peasants, the Revolution would not have succeeded.
Ironically, the dispute which had prevailed before the Revolution between the peasants and the monarchy focused on the modernization efforts of the monarchy in the realm of agriculture and the peasants' resistance to such efforts. As we read in Goodwin, "In the latter part of the eighteenth century, the French peasants were almost as unprogressive in economic matters as the nobility were reactionary in politics. This was because (the peasants) considered that the progress of scientific agriculture would jeopardize their accustomed means of livelihood . . . The agrarian problem in France at this period arose mainly ..."
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"Peasant Wives", 2004.
An analysis of the brutal reality of peasant life, as portrayed in Anton Chekhov?s "Peasant Wives".
1,396 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how most of the works of the Russian author, Anton Chekhov, involve peasant people, depicting their lives, afflictions, and joys. It examines how he is an author that represents life in a different angle, at times making the readers feel disillusioned or pessimistic after reading his works. In particular, it discusses Chekhov?s ability to illustrate reality about human life through the study of his short story, ?Peasant Wives.? Through an analysis of the text, it posits that the brutality of peasant life is vividly depicted in Chekhov?s literary works, mainly through the characters and themes illustrated in the story.
From the Paper
"The first theme, the theme of realism, talks about the main elements present in most of Chekhov?s works, which mainly centers on the element of familiar and the negative of the lives of people. Through the theme of realism, Chekhov truthfully illustrates Russian peasant life in ?Peasant Wives,? wherein difficulties experienced by people of poverty and the seemingly ?familiar? conditions that they confront everyday give life to Chekhov?s narrative. Furthermore, through the help of the characters in the story, Chekhov manages to add a different twist to these two elements that is characteristic only of Chekhov?s writing and narrative style."
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The Royal Tenenbaums, 2005.
This paper discusses the film 'The Royal Tenenbaums' and provides an analysis of the character Royal.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This five page paper examines the character Royal in the film, 'The Royal Tenenbaums'. The writer describes that Gene Hackman's portrayal of Royal as a psychopathic confidence trickster makes him a fascinating character, for in literature and film, villains are always more interesting than do-gooders. The writer notes that such characters are capable of anything, and this sinister potential compels the undivided attention of everyone around them, not only the characters they interact with but the audience as well.
From the Paper
"At the end of The Royal Tenenbaums, Eli Cash confesses to Royal Tenenbaum that he has "always wanted to be a Tenenbaum." Royal's response, "So have I" is only three words long, but those three words reveal much more about Royal, his family, and their tangled, dysfunctional relationship than three-hundred words could have. Powerful, psychologically revealing dialogue like this makes 'The Royal Tenenbaums' a compelling movie to watch, for the Tenenbaums are symbolic of humanity itself. We are all flawed, and must learn to overcome our own flaws and overlook the flaws of others if we are to find love and meaning in our lives. The writer selected the character Royal for examination for a variety of reasons."
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The Port Royal Experiment, 2009.
A comprehensive exploration of the Port Royal Experiment on the Sea Islands of South Carolina during the Civil War.
6,618 words (approx. 26.5 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 151.95
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Abstract
The paper describes in detail the Port Royal Experiment when Union forces seized the coastal Sea Islands of South Carolina and allowed the newly-freed slaves of the islands, backed by northern abolitionists, to establish a self-sustaining community of cotton farmers and merchants. The paper relates that the overall economic success of the Port Royal Experiment was limited due to the lack of crop diversification among the Sea Islands. The paper also reveals that the lessons learned on the Sea Islands were not applicable to other parts of the South. The paper explores what historians say about the Port Royal Experiment and concludes that the attempts at creating a functioning society of freed slaves on the Sea Islands was a milestone in the establishment of a post-war southern society. The paper believes that however flawed the experiment may have been, it was an important event in American history which set the course for further equality of African-Americans.
From the Paper
"On November 4, 1861, Union forces seized the coastal Sea Islands between Charleston, South Carolina and Savannah, Georgia. The military incursion was two-fold in purpose: the Union Navy saw the islands as a strategic deep-water port capable of supporting the naval blockade President Lincoln imposed in April 1861, and the Treasury Department was interested in the profits from the prized Sea Island cotton crops, a variety of long staple cotton English buyers sought for its consistent quality.
"But the seizure also presented a unique opportunity for the newly-freed slaves of the islands, backed by northern abolitionists, to establish a self-sustaining community of cotton farmers and merchants. The Sea Islands were among the first communities in the Civil War to make the transition from slavery to freedom, and northern abolitionists saw the islands as a social experiment which could "demonstrate the fitness of four million African Americans for possible citizenship in the Union were to both win the war and free the slaves.""
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"Battle Royal", 2002.
A literary review of Ralph Ellison's "Battle Royal".
932 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper offers a short literary review of "Battle Royal" by Ralph Ellison. Ralph Ellison?s short story, "Battle Royal", is mainly an account of the African-American struggle for equality and identity. The writer concludes that the recurrent theme of "Battle Royal" is that of a struggle for one?s rights against overwhelming odds. Instances of this struggle are found throughout the story.
From the Paper
"At first, the boys are taken to a room where a nude woman is dancing. When the boys turn their heads away, they are yelled at for not looking. The tone of the rebuke implies that the blacks were not entitled to most of the ?good? things being white could bring them and that they weren?t really good enough for them. The boys then compete in the Battle Royal [Essay Bank notes on Ralph Ellison Battle Royal, 2003]. This classic example of symbolism shows the fight African Americans have been putting up against an oppressive system over time and how it was necessary to persevere and have courage even when hope diminished."
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The Royal Women of Medieval Europe, 2007.
This paper analyzes the role of royal women, including their power and influence, in medieval Europe.
1,853 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the role of royal medieval women, including their political and religious influence. The author presents a country by country analysis of royal families in medieval Europe, explaining the traditions of succession in each of these countries, and whether or not women could ascend to the throne in these kingdoms. The author concludes that women had political weight during this time. They contributed, even if sometimes indirectly, to the evolution of the states where they lived and they made themselves a place in history.
From the Paper
"The queens of medieval Western Europe were present in almost each and every state, from the Scandinavian kingdoms to Spain and from England to Hungary. Their power was sometimes only in name, other times they had the real attributes of the kings. They got involved in political battles and plots, being (in some of the cases) real partners of their kings and having specific duties or true rulers, in name and in fact, of their empire. The medieval Byzantium is a stage for powerful empresses, from Theodora, in the sixth century and Irene, in the eighth to Anne of Savoy, in the fourteenth century. The first two empresses played an important part in the iconoclastic debate, their role being grounded in the "interstices of Byzantine society, in myths, in liturgical practices and religious beliefs and the symbols surrounding them, which they could draw upon" . Acting on two contemporary "stages" - the religious influence and the direct ruling, the empresses of the Eastern Roman Empire constituted exceptional figures, influencing and directing the politics of their times."
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The Royal National Theatre, 2002.
This paper discusses the Royal National Theatre as a cultural institution.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The Royal National Theatre needs to be cherished as a place where new voices and old stories come together to remind the nation of where it has been, and to illuminate the path to take in the future. England is the birthplace of the world's greatest playwright, and some lesser lights (comparatively speaking) such as Jonson, Marlowe, Webster, Sheridan, Shaw, Pinter, Stoppard. The last few years has seen a resurgence in new playwrighting which is vital, funny, edgy and intelligent. That is a culture worth protecting and developing and the Royal National Theatre seems the ideal institution in which to do it.
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Royal Dutch-Shell, 2006.
A review of the Royal Dutch-Shell Corporation's reorganization of the mid- 1990s.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This document discusses the Royal Dutch/Shell Corporation as it relates to its organizational structure. The topic of the paper discusses is the reorganization Royal Dutch/Shell underwent during the mid-1990s when it ended its matrix organizational model in lieu of one based on divisional lines. This new structure was a response to the global economies new demands on corporate strategy that found companies being forced to respond to competitive market forces around the globe where previously these pressured did not exist.
From the Paper
"Royal Dutch/Shell (Royal) benefited greatly from its matrix organizational structure in that the matrix structure aligned neatly with its core business strategies. As the case points out, the petroleum industry is characterized by long-term business decisions being made on a daily basis for which the outcome of those decisions may not be fully known or understood for many years. Thus, the oversight of the dual executive management ensured that such long-term decisions would never be taken lightly and that they would, in all cases be weighed within the context of the local and regional environment as well as the strategic health of the company as a whole. Yet, one of the major negatives of such a structure is that decision-making becomes a lengthy process and the company in question cannot respond to market forces in an agile manner."
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