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Roosevelt and Reagan's Latin American Policies, 1990.
This paper examines the United States' approach to Latin America under the Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt compared to the approach toward that same region by President Ronald Reagan: Diplomacy, politics, economics, international issues, exploitatio
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to examine the United States' approach to Latin America under the Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt compared and contrasted to the approach toward that same region by President Ronald Reagan.
United States foreign policy has largely been guided by a faith in the efficacy of capitalism, a fear of foreign influence, a willingness to use military force, and a dread of revolution. This may seem a startling statement to some, since it undercuts the U.S. position as a promoter of the principles of the Declaration of Independence, but in fact, for the past two hundred years, the U.S. has not been an advocate of revolutionary change, but rather a protector of the status quo, frequently at all costs. Before exploring the difference in the policies of the two presidents mentioned above, it is necessary ... "
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American Foreign Policy, 2008.
This paper explores the U.S. presidential foreign policy doctrine as based on the pursuit of world power.
4,028 words (approx. 16.1 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the origins of the President's foreign policy powers as enumerated under the Constitution and examines the foreign policy acts of Thomas Jefferson. The paper then focuses on the Monroe Doctrine, reviews the salient features of U.S. foreign policy throughout the nineteenth century, considers the foreign policy doctrines of both Theodore and Franklin Roosevelt, as well as Woodrow Wilson and ends by looking at the modern-day, post-world war II presidencies of Truman, Nixon, Reagan and George W. Bush. The paper argues that the foreign policy doctrines of U.S. presidents - whether in the nineteenth century or the twenty-first - have fundamentally revolved around the projection, expansion and consolidation of American power beyond its borders.
From the Paper
"In the words of Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., the oldest doctrine and/or tradition in American foreign policy was - and is - the doctrine of unilateralism. Specifically, American leaders have always been reluctant to engage in foreign policy alignments - an attitude neatly encapsulated in the inaugural addresses of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson (Schlesinger 3-4). According to the historian Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., even the Monroe Doctrine, perhaps the first "great" presidential doctrine vis-a-vis foreign affairs, was prompted by a desire to not only seal off South America from European control, but to remind Europeans that America had no desire to involve itself in European matters and would not do so as long as "hemispheric affairs" in the Americas were not meddled in by the European powers (5). In effect, the Monroe Doctrine was really about keeping the diplomatic intrigues and political machinations of Europe firmly located in Europe and/or in remote parts of the world of no (direct) interest to America."
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Critical Issues in U.S. Latin American Policy, 2002.
This paper identifies the major issues in U.S. Latin American policy and recommends policy to resolve regional problems.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The author feels that major issues in U.S. Latin American policy are the economy and human rights. The paper explores these issues in detail and explains why they are critical. To protect the economic interests in this region, the author believes that policies should be created that would encourage Latin America?s financial independence.
From the Paper
"The economic conditions in Latin America are critical to U.S. interest in the region because the U.S. has provided billions of dollars, this includes military aid, to Latin America over the past ten years. Much of this has been provided because of the instability of the economies in that region. Ensuring that these economies gain some stability would benefit not only the U.S. economy but also the World economy."
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Reagan's Foreign Policy, and the Soviet Union, 2004.
Analyses the Reagan foreign policy, and how it consistently confronted the Soviet Union in ways that forced it to spend huge amounts of money on defense. Makes the argument that this is the main reason that the Soviet Union collapsed.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper highlights the portions of Ronald Reagan's foreign policy that confronted the Soviet Union in ways that forced the United States to spend large amounts of money. The foreign policy issues that are examined include Afghanistan, The Iran-Contra Affair, Reagan's support of Eastern-European Dissidents and Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative, (also known as "Star Wars"). Afghanistan is heavily analyzed, with a breakdown of significant historical points, such as the introduction of the US-made Stinger missile, which stripped the USSR of air superiority. The Iran-Contra affair is included as a way to demonstrate Reagan's willingness to confront communism everywhere. This was a marked policy shift from Jimmy Carter and caught the USSR off guard. The Strategic Defense Initiative is analyzed and is linked to an increased amount of money being spent by the USSR on research and development. The support of dissidents by Reagan is looked at as well, with the conclusion that with relatively little amounts of effort, Reagan's foreign policy fomented large amounts of political opposition to the Soviet Union in Eastern European satellite countries. This caused the Soviet Union to spend money combating this problem as well, with their spy apparatus. Definitive numbers are given that explain just how much the Soviet Union spending increased while Reagan was in office.
From the Paper
"In the 1980's, a swirling of events converged to form a perfect storm that met the conditions for bringing down what Ronald Reagan termed the "evil empire." The first incident was that Old School communists in the Politburo sought to make an impression in Central Asia, but found stalwart resistance in The Gipper. Second, Reagan's abrupt shift from Carter's lax foreign policy took the Soviets by surprise, with the new administration's desire to challenge communism on every front possible; out of this desire came the ill-fated support of the contras, along with the hugely successful backing of Eastern European dissidents, namely the Solidarity movement in Eastern Europe. The third event in Reagan's foreign policy shift that took the world by surprise was the administration's renunciation of the doctrine of Mutually Assured Destruction; Reagan took the steps of beginning a Ballistic Missile Defense program, which he coined the Strategic Defense Initiative. The Soviets, with few options of recourse, were forced to make concessions that led to the implosion of the "evil empire" shortly afterward. Thus, by applying a policy of confrontation of spreading Communism, bleeding the Soviets in Afghanistan by supporting the mujahideen, and abruptly announcing a paradigm shift in American foreign policy with the Strategic Defense Initiative, Ronald Reagan certainly hastened, if not caused the downfall of the USSR."
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Reagan Housing Policy, 1990.
This paper evaluates federal housing policy during the Reagan Administration's, with an emphasis on funding for low-income housing: Reduction of the federal role and funding, struggle with Congress, incentives, homeless issues, free-market concept and
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 111.95
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From the Paper
"This research evaluates federal housing policy during the Reagan Administration's tenure in office, with an emphasis on funding for low-income housing. To a great extent, housing policy during this period was the policy of the Reagan Administration, as opposed to a policy reached through bargaining and compromise between the Administration and the Congress.
Upon entering office, President Reagan proposed a fundamental shift in federal housing policy, the ultimate intent of which was to eliminate a federal role in the supply of housing. As a consequence, he refused to approve any legislation which created new federal housing programs, or increased funding for existing federal housing programs. "
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Reagan's Policy in Iran-Iraq War, 1996.
Analyzes U.S. tilt toward Iraq in 1980-1988. Background, overall Middle East policy, secret talks, aid, arms for hostages deal with Iran, aftermath.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"This research paper summarizes and evaluates the policies pursued by the Reagan Administration during the war between Iran and Iraq (1980-1988). The basic policy of the United States during that period was to maintain a balance of power in the Middle East which after 1982 resulted in a decided tilt of the United States to support of Iraq. That policy served American interests well during the war, except for one glaring inconsistency, the administration's abortive attempts to arrange arms for hostages deals with Iran which backfired and led to the Irangate controversy. The continuation of an accommodating policy toward Iraq after the end of the war is more controversial and led to the Gulf War, but President George Bush not President Ronald Reagan, must bear responsibility for not adapting policy..."
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U.S Foreign Policy toward Latin America, 2001.
Critical analysis of period 1889-1989. U.S. objectives & approaches, successes & weaknesses.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 2 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
" This research paper critically analyzes American foreign policy toward Latin America during the past century. The primary objectives of that foreign policy have been to protect American national security and to further American economic interests. Secondary importance has attached to the furtherance of democracy and human rights within the Western Hemisphere. Different approaches have been taken by American foreign policy makers to achieve these goals, reflecting changing conditions and the predilections of particular administrations as well as political realities here and in Latin America. Overall, American foreign policy has been successful, but the United States has often been slow to recognize emerging trends in Latin America which needed to be taken into account and by internal..."
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United Nations Policy Formulation and Policy Implementation, 2004.
Provides an overview of United Nations policy formulation and policy implementation in the context of international public administration organizations.
1,478 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines, through a literature review, instances of policies that were developed and not effectively carried out, as well as recent requirements for the formulation of policies put into place at the UN. It looks at how a sustained public information campaign is extremely important for the success of the UN?s attempt to reinvent its system of policy formulation and policy implementation due to all the ?bad news?, including terrorism and war and AIDS, etc., dominating the TV and print news agencies.
From the Paper
"There are myriad examples of the UN?s good work ? in many and diverse areas where there are desperate human needs throughout the world ? and also, on the other hand, there is no shortage of evidence that some policies, although they were drawn up with the best of intentions, failed in their mission, or were thwarted either through no direct fault of the UN, or because the UN?s policy implementation could not match the promises in the policy formulation. One example of the apparent failure of a policy which was to be implemented was recently reported by the British Medical Journal (Tayal, 2003). The journal claimed that a UN policy designed to tackle the health and human rights needs of ?indigenous people? ? a policy which was formulated in 1995 ? has not been very effective in its implementation."
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Inconsistencies in Roosevelt 's New Deal Policies, 1972.
This paper argues that the social legislation of Roosevelt 's New Deal Policies was contradictory and designed for agricultural recovery & cooperation within industry to promote economic recovery.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"President Franklin D. Roosevelt's numerous policies and plans do not belong to any specific political or economic philosophy. Most of them emphasized the subordination of private interests to collective interests, through increased power and authority of the federal government. The New Deal was designed to stimulate economic recovery by promoting cooperation within agriculture and industry.
Relationships between income distribution, government spending, and savings and investments were not understood prior to the stock market crash. President Hoover did not regard many national problems as proper areas of federal action; in a competitive market, the economic system was thought to be adequately self-regulating by the free movement of prices in response to supply and demand. John Maynard Keynes did not ... "
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Chinese Monetary Policy as Foreign Policy, 2008.
An analysis of how China's monetary policy has been used as part of its foreign policy to influence international relations.
3,815 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses China's economic policies. It focuses on its monetary policies and the use of its artificial control over its exchange rate as an unofficial brief of its foreign policy. It shows how China uses its monetary policy internationally to improve its positions on trade, foreign relations, and bilateral agreements with various countries.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Chinese Monetary Policy
Foreign Investment as Policy
Foreign Trade
Conclusions
From the Paper
"For many years the Chinese Yuan was pegged to the U.S. dollar and, until recently, this was not a foreign policy issue. However, as the U.S. as well as other markets, have seen their import markets grow far beyond their export markets and consequently maintain extreme trade deficits, the artificial manipulation of the Yuan has now become a matter of foreign policy. Many foreign markets view China's exchange regime, managed float or not, to be an economic weapon and one in which it has not been reticent to utilize."
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U.S. Aid to Latin America, 1990.
This paper examines U.S. policy concerning financial assistance to Latin America, through the various U.S. presidencies, Theodore Roosevelt to Reagan: Politics, financial & military aid, intervention, human rights, anti-communist issues, Good Neighbor Po
7,875 words (approx. 31.5 pages), 18 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine U.S. policy concerning financial assistance to Latin America, through the various U.S. presidencies, from the administration of Theodore Roosevelt to the present day. The plan of the research will be to set forth the principal elements of economic assistance in each succeeding administration, discussing as appropriate the specific policies and programs that have informed such assistance through the years.
As a practical matter, financial assistance to Latin America began in the twentieth century with the accession of Theodore Roosevelt to the presidency. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, promulgated in 1904 by President Theodore Roosevelt, did not treat the subject of foreign aid to Latin America specifically, but it laid the groundwork for a whole ... "
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United States Fiscal and Monetary Policies, 2007.
An analysis of the fiscal policy and monetary policy of the United States.
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses both the fiscal policy and the monetary policy of the United States. It describes the history behind the policies and how they have changed over time. It also discusses some of the factors that have influenced their changes. The paper also briefly discusses the differences between the fiscal policy and the monetary policy.
Table of Contents:
Fiscal Policy
Monetary Policy
From the Paper
"In addition to discount window lending discussed previously, the Federal Reserve can control economic growth either by engaging in open market operations (the buying and selling of U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities in the open market) or by changing reserve requirements (requirements for the amount of funds that depository institutions must hold in reserve against deposits made by their customers) (Monetary policy). In open market operations, the Federal Reserve can inject money into the system by buying securities which will help stimulate the economy and fight deflation. Conversely, when it sells securities it pulls money out of the system which will help slow economic growth and fight inflation. Increasing reserve ratio requirements would be a policy to counter inflation and slow growth because they banks have less deposits available for loans; decreasing the ratio would do exactly the opposite."
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Policies of the Irish Famine, 2001.
This paper looks at the policies introduced to solve the Irish Famine by Robert Peel and Lord Russell 1845-47. This paper looks closely at all the policies introduced and concludes as to whether they worked or failed.
2,365 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This essay looks at the policies implemented by Robert Peel and Lord Russell during the first years of the Irish famine. The author examines the differences between the two policies and comments on whether they were the right policies to solve the problem of the potato blight and the onset of famine. This essay covers the period of 1845 ? 1847.
From the Paper
"If there were a big difference in the policies of the two governments then it would have to be over the issue of grain and food supply to the people. It was Peel who bought ?100,000 of Indian Corn to put into the Irish market in order to keep food prices down, the Russell government sold its grain at market prices in order to keep the merchants and traders happy. It did keep a control on the access to the grain depots, but it was more aware and responsive to the growing problems, the Peel government was more sympathetic towards the plight of the people. It is regarded by historians that the Robert Peel government came out of the famine crisis rather better than expected, unfortunately for Lord Russell?s Whig government it increased the expectation on them. So maybe fortune favored Peel, in that he started off at the beginning of the famine, when things hadn?t got as bad as they would under the Whig government."
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Macroeconomic Policies and Financial Crisis, 2006.
An analysis of the systems of a government that influence the macroeconomic policies.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes macroeconomic policies, also sometimes called monetary policies. It discusses the ways in which these policies deal with aspects of the economy. The paper describes the various financial activities and systems in a country that impact on the macroeconomic policies of a government.
Table of Contents:
Importance of Financial Policies
Monetary Policies: Brief Concepts
Financial Crisis
Macroeconomic Policies and Financial Crisis
New Angles
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The monetary policies adopted by the federal government or Fed in case of United States could make or break the economy. As in case of great depression in 1930s Fed contributed negatively to crisis situation.
Similarly government policies also affected the situation in different countries during the financial crisis in 1990s."
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United States? Federal Economic Policies, 1996.
Analysis of the purpose and unintended consequences of various economic policies.
2,428 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper examines various economic policies of the U.S. federal government. It deals specifically with monetary policy, antitrust policy, regulatory policy and import quotas--looking at what some of the government policies have been, why they were formulated and how well they have succeeded in producing their intended effects.
Outline
I. Monetary Policy
A. Federal Reserve
1. History
2. Purpose
3. Policy
4. Effects
II. Antitrust Policy
A. Purpose
B. Sherman Act
C. Federal Trade Commission Act
D. Clayton Act
E. Federal Trade Commission
F. Effects
III. Regulatory Policy
A. Purpose
B. Interstate Commerce Act
C. Interstate Commerce Commission
D. Effects
IV. Import Quotas
A. Purpose
B. International Trade Commission
C. Television Imports
D. Steel Imports
E. Effects
From the Paper
"In 1977, in response to a petition filed with the ITC by the electronics industry, the U.S. set a quota on the number of television sets that could be imported from Japan (Canto 74). Although imported sets from Japan fell, imported sets from Taiwan and Korea rose to the point that total imports of televisions was unchanged; the U.S. response was to impose quotas on those countries as well (Canto 75). The net result was a negligible impact on the U.S. economy, because while imports of whole sets declined, imports of television parts rose sharply as foreign sets were assembled in the U.S. (Canto 77-80)."
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