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Role of the State in Post-Colonial Africa, 2001.
Within the context of government and politics in post-colonial Africa, the role of the state is examined with a critical and contemporary perspective.
6,702 words (approx. 26.8 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 153.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes post colonial Africa in a critical way, using contemporary thought in African politics. The role of the state in a state-led, as opposed to a liberalized economic entity and one where the state is expected to be partner, facilitator and mediator, yet to an extent still interventionist, is examined. Problems of democratization and development on the African continent, the epidemic of AIDS, other health disorders and lack of the state power to control some problems in ethnic clashes is thoroughly discussed.
From the Paper
"After years of colonial rule, especially up to the 1960s and 1970s the concept of the state has been critically reviewed in order to appraise its function within the context of the operation of government and politics in Africa. It is one argument to suppose that within the post-colonial era ? which is the period just after the so-called ?end? of colonial rule up to the pre and post-independence periods between the early 1950s throughout the 1960s and even onward to present ? the state lost or is losing its effectiveness. It is another argument to consider that with the establishment of multiparty regimes, the state?s role was in fact consolidated. However, conceptually as well as practically, the role of the state and how Africans view the legitimacy of such an entity was much influenced by the fact that it was used by dominant groups within different African territories for individual domestic reasons. Different political cultures of some territories such as Ghana, Kenya, Burkina Faso, Mali and even to an extent Uganda, Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa generally, have only partially allowed democracies to flourish. This caused limited political, economic and social development in Africa as a whole."
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Critical Race and Post-colonial Theorists, 2006.
A comparison and contrast of the critical race and post-colonial theories of racial formation.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Critical race theorists such as Anthony Appiah, Michael Omi, and Howard Winant differ with post-colonial theorists such as Edward Said and Homi Bhabha with respect to how they understand racial formation in a post-colonial context. Subsequently, while critical race theory and post-colonial theory both challenge the Eurocentrism of classical and contemporary social theory, they offer different interpretations regarding the process and impact of racial formation. This paper examines the differences in these two theories' approach to understanding racial formation in a post-colonial context.
From the Paper
"Historically, critical race theory can be considered a product of the development of African-American thought in the post-civil rights era, and challenges the traditional philosophical tenets of the liberal civil rights movement, which promoted a colorblind approach to achieving social justice. "
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Identity in Post-Colonial Texts, 2004.
An examination of the concept of the search for identity in post-colonial texts, namely, Mira Nair's "Mississippi Massala", Jamaica Kincaid's "Lucy", and Edwidge Danticat's "Breath Eyes Memory".
3,102 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the idea of displacement is prevalent in these novels. The writer points out how the people in these post-colonial works are moving from places where the idea of displacement remained a part of their colonized history into places where they are now physically removed from their place of birth. When the post-colonial body is exposed to a culture that is very different from theirs, it becomes necessary for identity to alter.
From the Paper
"Throughout the late twentieth century and into twenty-first, the search for self-identification grew in importance as a response to an increase focus on individualism. The search for identity is a problematic discourse in a world where dislocation imposes different cultures on individuals who leave their country of origin to exist in another. In the study of post-colonialism the search for identity is pertinent, because migration is a common experience for the postcolonial body. As migration occurs, ?It is here that the special post-colonial crisis of identity comes into being; the concern with the development or recovery of an effective identifying relationship between self and place? (Empire p.8). In postcolonial texts, the reconstructing of identities are not fluid and required in order to attain progression in the space migrated into. This motif is prevalent in Mira Nair?s Mississippi Massala, Jamaica Kincaid?s Lucy and Edwidge Danticat?s Breath Eyes Memory."
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Enslavement and Emancipation in Post-Colonial Cuba and Brazil, 2004.
An analysis of the exploitation and oppression of Africans and indigenous peoples in post-colonial Brazil and Cuba.
1,576 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role that African slaves and enslaved Native Americans played in the rise of both Brazil and Cuba as major agricultural producers. It gives historical background, beginning with the importation of African slaves until the abolition of slavery, and briefly examines the after-effects and the racism that persisted. It shows how, although colonized by the Spanish and Portuguese, Latin America was truly built on the backs of African and Native American slaves and how, after years of rebellion and bitter struggle, these peoples finally gained their emancipation.
From the Paper
"The anti-slavery movement gained momentum in Latin America with the end of the Paraguayan War in 1870. Dom Pedro, head of the Brazilian monarchy was placed in a difficult position. Though personally opposed to the institution, he recognized that the stability of the monarchy and his own power relied heavily on Brazil?s existing social structure. The end of slavery would, therefore, would almost certainly bring about the end of the monarchy (Keen, Haynes p. 236)."
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Culture in Post-Colonial Asia, 2001.
A look at the Sinhala elite and Shiv Sena sub-cultures of Asia and how their customs have developed since the Colonial period.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the issue of culture within the context of post-colonial Asia. The paper examines the cultural structure of two cultures; the Sinhala elite and Shiv Sena and how these groups developed and emerged, redefining their own identity. How the Hindu religion has influenced these cultural developments is also discussed.
From the Paper
"Religion is a man made concept, as such all things connected to this can be seen as pure superstition and non existent, yet from an anthropological point of view the religions and superstitions of other races is seen as an important and integral aspect of research and calls for an open and understanding mind. Man has since the dawn of time been involved in one form of symbolism, whether it be through cave paintings or making idols of goddesses."
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The Colonial Legacies in Africa, 2005.
A look at whether colonialism had a positive or negative impact on Africa.
1,857 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper presents the two views about whether or not Africa benefited from colonialism. The history, society, religion, and culture of Africa are analyzed to determine the impact. The writer concludes that European imperialism had no positive impact for Africa, but left a lasting legacy of political, economic, and social instability.
From the Paper
"The negative impact of imperialism in the political terms was quite dramatic and overshadows the supposedly benefits some historians adhere to. Beginning with the partition of Africa, which according to Adu Boahen ?has proved to be more of a liability than an asset to the present independent African nations.? The European partition of Africa, lacked any considerations of the ethno cultural, geographical, and ecological realities of Africa, thus the territories created by imperialism produced severe predicaments. Resulting from the artificial creation of states lays the problem of nation-state building. Due to the disingenuousness of the boundaries, each independent Africa state is made up of a mass of different ethno-cultural groups and nations having different historical traditions and speaking different languages. For example: Nigeria under colonial domination contained as many as 395 ethno-linguistic groups . Nigeria?s initial attempt at federation, Davidson wrote, ?had gone far towards ruin through the rivalry of its constituent elites? Thus, one can only envision how enormous the dilemma of developing Nigeria into a proper nation-state."
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Modernity and Post-Colonial India, 2007.
An analysis of how architectural modernism captures the economic, cultural and political phenomena emerging in India.
1,569 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at modernity and how architectural modernism captures the economic, cultural and political phenomena re-making India in the twenty-first century. The paper focuses on the architectural work of Joseph Allen Stein and discusses how his work encapsulates the new virility and promise of post-colonial India as it unshackled itself from generations of British rule after the end of World War II. The paper suggests that the key to India can be seen in the monuments it builds to itself.
From the Paper
"At the same time, modernist architecture survives as a political statement insofar as it also masks infelicities that Indians may not want outsiders to see. For example, the city of Bombay is a modern city organized like few others - but that modern image of looming skyscrapers and cleverly-conceived infrastructure merely papers over elements of nativism and communalism that threaten Bombay's gleaming international image (Prakash, 2006). Therefore, just as modern-day India uses impressive modernist structures to announce its arrival on the world stage, it also uses those same structures and architectural embellishments to hide from view darker national traditions and vestiges of its past it wishes to remain unseen."
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Cultural Differences in Colonial Africa, 2007.
This paper examines the novel "Things Fall Apart" by Chinua Achebe.
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes "Things Fall Apart" by Chinua Achebe, a novel of colonialism and the downfall of a way of life in an Ibo village before and during the time Nigeria was colonized by the English. The paper discusses how the novel shows just how different modern American culture is from village life in Africa. The paper discusses five cultural differences between Africans in the novel and Americans today, using specific examples from the novel to illustrate them.
From the Paper
"One way the Ibo culture differs greatly from modern American culture is their use of warfare between clans, which does not really exist in modern America. There is gang violence and such, but warfare is not condoned between Americans, but it does exist between other countries and America. Achebe writes, "'When did you become a shivering old woman,' Okonkwo asked himself, 'you, who are known in all the nine villages for your valor in war? How can a man who has killed five men in battle fall to pieces because he has added a boy to their number? Okonkwo, you have become a woman indeed'" (Achebe 56). The Ibo feel masculinity is tied to "valor in war." This is still true today, but society values brave warriors who war with other countries, not with other American social or cultural groups."
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"Nationalism in Colonial Africa" by Thomas Hodgkin, 1993.
A review of the 1956 work and the author's imperialist position, focusing on his Western-oriented analysis.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"This study will provide a book review of Nationalism in Colonial Africa, by Thomas Hodgkin.
Despite the fact that Hodgkin is doing his best to recognize the reality of the colonial changes occurring in Africa in the mid-1950s, when he wrote his book, he still suffers from a Eurocentric bias which colors his work from beginning to end. The author fully recognizes that the control of Africa by the Western powers could not go on as it had in the past, his work focuses not on the liberation and sovereignty of the African nations, but rather on the best way for the Western powers to adapt to those inevitable changes so that those powers could maintain as many of the advantages of colonialism as they possibly could under the new conditions.
In other words, Hodgkin represents the kind of imperialist..."
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Post-Colonial Literature, 2006.
A review and comparison of Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart" and Edwidge Danticat's "Breath, Eyes, Memory".
923 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews "Things Fall Apart" by Chinua Achebe and "Breath, Eyes, Memory" by Edwidge Danticat. After outlining each book's plot, the writer seeks common themes in the two works. The paper concludes by identifying change vs. tradition as the underlying commonality.
From the Paper
"To conclude, though their works are greatly different, both Chinua Achebe and Edwidge Danticat's novels share many similarities. Both Things Fall Apart by Achebe and Breath, Eyes, Memory by Danticat feature characters' whose past causes them pain day after day, as well as the often times violent response to the end of imperialism. Both novels also have the same basic theme: change versus tradition. In both cases, it appears that change has won out over tradition. It is up to the reader to decide if this particular change is necessarily a good or bad thing."
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Neo-Colonialism in Africa, 2001.
The survival of the colonial system in the post-colonial era.
1,145 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
After a brief review of the colonization of Africa, the essay describes the social phenomenon of neo-colonialism, in which African nations are free from direct foreign rule but the economic infrastructure is still in the hands of the former colonial country's companies and institutions. The result of this is that decisions by indigenous African leaders have to be carefully made so that they remain non-threatening to the institutions that control the natural and financial resources of the country. The essay focuses on the effects of neo-colonialism and refers to three possible ways of rectifying the situation.
From the Paper
"In the wake of ?independence,? after Colonialism ended, the social phenomenon of ?Neo-Colonialism? began. At the 1961 All-African People?s Conference held in Cairo, neo-Colonialism was defined as "the survival of the colonial system in spite of the formal recognition of political independence in emerging countries which become the victims of an indirect and subtle form of domination by political, economic, social, military or technical means." Many African nationalists and critics of Colonialism see the independence gained from the withdrawing colonial powers as only partial liberation. Some call it ?false independence.? Full or real freedom, they believe, would come with economic independence. The neo-colonialism is a vague, mirage-like state of government still largely influenced by the colonial powers to simply give the colonized people the illusion of freedom."
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Post-Colonialism Literature, 2005.
This paper compares the family's post-colonial experience in two novels Chinua Achebe's"Things Fall Apart" and Arundhati Roy's "The God of Small Things".
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 3 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper is an analysis of how families were fragmented or even destroyed as part of the post-colonial experience as expressed in two novels "Things Fall Apart" and "The God of Small Things". The author points that, in each book, the experience is quite different. The paper relates that Achebe's book uses a mixture of destruction and potential; whereas, Roy focuses on instability.
From the Paper
In both Things Fall Apart and The God of Small Things, the same patterns are observed to be transmitted through the family over generations. However, whereas hatred for the parent and a refusal of identity with him are seen in Achebe's novel, in Roy's work the pattern manifests itself in dysfunction, alienation from self and social problems. The source of these patterns is located in transgressions of the most crucial cultural norms and the price to be paid. Family composition in the two novels is diametrically opposed in terms of visibility of gender.
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Post-Colonialism and Women in the Caribbean, 2002.
An analysis of identity issues in Caribbean female literature.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 11 sources, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This essay is a post-colonial analysis of Caribbean women, and provides an examination of identity issues in Caribbean literature written by women. In this paper, post-colonialism is discussed in-relation to feminism. The literature considered here is examined as a way to produce a strong theoretical argument that critically enables important questions of identity and culture in Caribbean contexts of women's writing.
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Colonialism in Africa, 2002.
The paper compares the effects of colonialism in three sub-Saharan African nations: Chad, Nigeria, and Angola.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by tracing the origin and development of colonialism throughout Africa. It continues with a colonial history of Chad. Following this historical outline, the paper explores the effects of colonialism on this African country. The paper follows this form (of giving a historical outline and then exploring the effects of colonialism on the country) when discussing Nigeria and Angola. The paper also includes a comparison of the three countries in terms of the political, economic and national consequences of colonialism.
From the Paper
"Colonialism by stronger nations has been a part of history for thousands of years. The Romans practiced colonialism in ancient times, and the practice was exceedingly common in the 19th century. European nations tried to add to their power and prestige by adding to their cache of land, especially in Africa, where countries were ripe for the taking. "This colonial frenzy in the last twenty years of the nineteenth century saw all but 10 percent of the African continent colonized in a complex mix of political, economic, strategic, cultural, and religious rationales" (Wright 13)."
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Africa: Pre-Colonial Exploration, 1999.
Examines purposes, discoveries & effects of Egyptian, Phoenician, Roman, Portuguese & other European expeditions from 1st Millennium B.C. to 19th Century.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 12 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
" PRE-COLONIAL EXPLORATION OF AFRICA
This research paper discusses the exploration of Africa before its colonization by the European powers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Successive efforts by explorers dating back to antiquity to uncover the secrets of the Dark Continent including most importantly discoveries made by the Egyptians, the Phoenicians, the Romans and the Portuguese had provided the outside world by the late 18th century with a fairly accurate idea of the African coastline and its immediate environs. However, most of the important discoveries relating to the African heartland were made by a series of intrepid, mostly young, and often eccentric group of explorers acting out of a mixture of motives during a period of less than a century after 1788."
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