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The Role of Political Action Committees Elections, 1999.
A look at the history of the development of Political Action Committees (PACs), how they operate, and what are the disadvantages and difficulties of having a political system influenced by them.
1,362 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 45.95
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From the Paper
"With the advent of the information age, and with the virtual necessity of the use of these new media to disseminate information, elections are becoming ever more costly. The 1982 election, an off-year election, cost over $240 Million to conduct. Politicians are scurrying to find new funding sources. A recent trend has been the increase in the proportion of election expenses covered by Political Action Committees, or PACs. These groups represent a group of people with common interests who "want to advance a specific political agenda by contributing to candidates who share their views." PACs are a potent financial tool in elections. The sources of PAC money are manifold and multifarious; many types of PACs exist. As a corollary, many have called into question whether high campaign contributors indeed influence the policies of the candidate in their favor. Further, with the abundance of soft money, campaign contributions are becoming ever more difficult to track or to regulate."
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Soft PACs (Political Action Committees) and Politics, 2000.
Explores the role of big business and Political Action Committee's in America's politics, concentrating on the influence wielded by the tobacco industry and trial lawyers.
1,385 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the ramifications of party funding by business and Political Action Committees through an investigation into the Supreme Court's revocation of the FDA's right to regulate the tobacco industry. It explores the historical involvement of the FDA with the industry, through to the stances taken by the Democratic and the Republican parties after revocation. It investigates the reasons behind Big Tobacco funding the Republican party, and the Trial Lawyers' PAC contributing so heavily to the Democratic coffers in the 2000 presidential campaign.
From the Paper
"It is a sad fact that less than 50% of Americans vote. The reasons behind this non-participation are myriad, ranging from the view that traditional parties are out of touch with the needs of modern-day society, to the inconvenience of attending mid-week daytime voting stations. One common complaint is the effect of party funding by big business and by Political Action Committees, since the practice implies that money rather than votes wields political influence."
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Special Interest Groups---Political Action Committees., 2002.
A look at the phenomenon of Political Action Committees in America.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This is a 10-page paper on PAC's and describes the action and need of PAC's in America. It also argues that they are needed and presents views against in a complete research paper.
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Political Analysis and Political Philosophy, 2002.
A look at whether the problems of political analysis and political philosophy are distinct.
6,093 words (approx. 24.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
Political analysis and political philosophy are two human activities engaged in by men striving to know the world. The problems of political analysis and political philosophy rest on the problems concerning man?s knowledge of the world. The paper shows that such knowledge is the result of attempts to describe, analyze, explain and interpret the actions and beliefs of men as they live in the real, material world. This essay presents an argument against that school which would draw a sharp distinction between two sorts of knowledge, each type being the result of a separate and distinct activity. According to this school, political analysis is concerned solely with the identification and description of political phenomena. The paper explains that the problems of political analysis are, thus, said to be ?scientific? problems, directed towards the discovery of empirically testable scientific ?laws?. This essay shows that, despite its empirical orientation, political analysis is underpinned by a wider set of theoretical perspectives, such that analysis itself reflects elements of the observer?s political philosophy. The paper concludes that political analysis and political philosophy are intimately connected; many of the ?problems? are common to both. Each activity - analysis and philosophy - heightens the level of human knowledge.
From the Paper
"What is presented to the political analyst is a mass of apparently chaotic social phenomena; what Heinrich Rickert calls ?formless matter?. The task of the political analyst is to structure and give order to that part of reality he has chosen to explain. Already we have recognized two crucial problems for political analysis. The first arises from the necessity of selecting specific areas of reality for study. I shall discuss later the way in which a certain limited range of ?problems? present themselves for the political analyst?s particular concern. The problem-field is limited in such a way that the possibilities for different accounts of politics is itself restricted. The task of political analysis is also complicated by the fact that knowledge of the world is not immediately attainable; understanding is mediated through mental constructions and elaborations (language, concepts and constructed arguments) of real, observable situations and events. Thus, Aron says of the methodology of science ?all science is an elaboration or construction of formless matter? (2)."
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Election Cycle Politics, 2007.
An analysis of the problems caused to presidential policies, resulting from election year politics.
1,262 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problems that are created during election year politics and how they are often blamed for the demise of entire presidential agendas; even cherished economic policies. The paper explains the election cycle and then explains the executive and legislative branches of government. Finally, the paper discusses the power of the elected official.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Election Cycle
Executive v. Legislative Branches
Elected Officials
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The entire political apparatus in the U.S. is fairly tainted by special interest and lobby groups that have co-opted the political process for their benefit and gain. While the average citizen has seen his influence and vote become extremely minimized over the past 20 years or so, the influence of institutional forces and private enterprise has blossomed into clear policy forces. While the President may stump for votes in on Main Street during an election cycle, he spends most of his administrative efforts furthering the interests of Wall Street and Park Avenue which is where his party's largest political donors reside. Until this situation is resolved, the average individual will continue to have his or her political voice eroded."
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Political Humor in Politics, 2002.
The paper looks at the role played by political humor in providing both political information and comic relief.
936 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the different forms of political humor available and the range of media now available, from newspaper cartoons to digital clips sent by e-mail. The paper examines how political humor has become an increasingly influential force in the American political scene, with high profile politicians, such as the President, often becoming the main target of jokes. The paper portrays such humor as a useful tool in keeping citizens lighthearted in tense situations.
From the Paper
"In the United States, political humor has become a very popular entertaining form of entertainment, and is used as a way to make light of political situations and poke fun at the politicians that have been elected and are in the national spotlight. Political humor has been in newspapers and other forms of mass media since the elections of some of the first politicians. However, unlike the comedians of the French Revolution Era, political humorists today will not be beheaded for making jokes about the president."
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Money in Politics, 1997.
Corruption of the political system by action committees, campaign contributions, soft money, effects on elections, impact of public opinion, recommendations for & obstacles to reform.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"Americans frequently have expressed dissatisfaction with the way in which money seems to dominate politics. Yet, campaign finance reform still seems to be an elusive goal. This research examines some of the current trends of money in politics and offers a set of potential reforms designed to remain within the constraints of constitutional rulings.
PUBLIC OPINION
Once again, campaign finance reform at the federal and state levels of government is high on the political agenda. The voters in six states approved some form of campaign finance law in the last election, and representatives of both Congress and the Executive Branch are talking about reforming the system of money in politics at the federal level. Although all this talk sounds hopeful, it arises from what is widely perceived as a failure of.."
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The American Medical Association, 2007.
This paper discusses the American Medical Association and provides an analysis of the activities of organization's political action committee.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the American Medical Association (AMA) first arose as a loose association of medical professionals and scientists in 1847. The writer points out that the group was intended to increase the standards of medical and biological education in North America, but was considered both impractical and utopian by many. The writer then looks at the mission of the organization today and discusses the political action committee's activities. The writer maintains that from Medicare to animal testing to malpractice insure, the AMA and the American Medical Association political action committee, which are, for all intents and purposes, one in the same, have served their beneficiaries as well as possible, through lobbying and outward pressure. The writer concludes that their methods may have brimmed over the line of constitutionality at points, but that should not mar the AMA's record because, as a political action committee, it has done all in its power to legally and persuasively enact legislature to assist America's doctors.
From the Paper
"Current president of the AMA, Ronald M. Davis, gave a speech in 2005, which highlighted the organization's illustrious history more than any political or economic agendas. At Smith Davis's initial meeting, over two hundred and fifty delegates from twenty-eight states voted to elect Nathanial Chapman the organization's first president. His first actions included those that would be deemed necessary by burgeoning doctors; the condemnation of secretive and patent medicine, which robbed business, and the establishment of a code of medical ethics and the world's first Committee on Medical Ethics to enforce the doctrines. By the end of the nineteenth century, the groundwork had been laid for the organization's present political sphere of influence."
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Pressure Groups in America, 2005.
This paper discusses pressure groups, including political action committees, which play a distinct role in the United States of America.
2,055 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a pressure group, sometimes referred to as an interest group, is a set of individuals organized for the purpose of influencing public policy; a subset of pressure groups is the political action committee created for the main purpose of receiving donations, from corporations, trade unions and other similar sources, to candidates aspiring to Federal office because, in the U.S., candidates cannot receive these donations directly. The author points out that there are two main types of pressure groups: (1) The private interest group, which unusually represents a particular economic, social or ethnic section of society promoting certain aspects of interest such as manufacturers, and (2) the cause groups with select issues or ideology such as the environment. The paper relates that pressure groups have three significant access points from where they can attempt to influence the decisions made by the Federal government: The Congress, the bureaucracy and officials that make up the executive and, in a small way, the judiciary.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Nature of Pressure Groups in the United States of America
Main Activities of Pressure Groups
Impact of Political Action Group Committees on the U.S. Elections
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The presidential elections of 2004 were to large extent influenced by the political action committees and the areas of influence were to be seen in voter turnout, endorsements of the candidates and contributions to the campaigns. The underlying evaluation of the role that the political action committees play in any election is to have a general appreciation of the relationship between money and interests and federal regulations. Political Action Committees and their roles were clearly defined in the early 1970's by the Federal Election Campaign Acts. These regulations came after some very long and torturous legislative battles. The campaign finance laws are at the moment regulated by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act -- BCRA of 2002. Current day analysis of political action committees does question the undue influence that some of these political action committees have and their new tactics that involve direct campaigns and group representation."
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The Political Right and the Environment, 2002.
A discussion on at the political right and their views and actions toward the environment.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at how the right is very concerned about fighting for their God-given rights and the personal sovereignty that their forefathers fought for. It seems that they must now focus their attention on the future of their great grandchildren.
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The SEC's Blue Ribbon Committee on Improving Audit Committees, 2002.
This paper is an examination of the report of the SEC's Blue Ribbon Committee on Improving Corporate Audit Committee Effectiveness.
2,330 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper is the examination of findings of the Security and Exchange Commission's (SEC), Blue Ribbon Committee (BRC) that was formed in September of 1998 to address concerns about various accounting practices. The committee's report, detailing their ten recommendations and the results they hoped to achieve, are examined in detail. The report was issued in February 1999, an since then several rules, regulations and standards have been enacted in the spirit of the committee's recommendations.
From the Paper
"The Blue Ribbon Committee's report entitled Report and Recommendations of the Blue Ribbon Committee on Improving the Effectiveness of Corporate Audit Committees was issued in February 1999 and consisted of two sections (Grant Thorton). First, ten recommendations for actions to be taken by regulatory or standard setting bodies, such as the AICPA, SEC, NYSE, and NASD were presented (Grant Thorton). Second, five guiding principles for best practices that may be used by companies as building blocks in developing audit committee processes and practices were discussed (Grant Thorton). "
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Cultural Impact on Politics, 2006.
This paper discusses how political action is influenced by cultural concerns.
4,868 words (approx. 19.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 124.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the form of the society shapes the way politics is pursued in that society and this occurs at several levels. The writer discusses that a social order can be matriarchal or patriarchal, which would represent how gender is manifested in political action. The form of government has an influence, with political action being different for a democracy as opposed to a more authoritative system. The writer discusses that the prevalent religion may affect politics, more so in a theocratic system than one that tries to separate politics and religion, though even in the latter case religion has an influence. The writer also discusses how leadership style affects politics, with some styles being more authoritative and so restrictive of political action, while others are more freewheeling and so encouraging to political action. Indeed, arguably the leadership style that is found in a society is one of the best indicators of what sort of politics the society will manifest, for a democratic leader emerges from a very different sort of political structure than a dictator. Different types of leadership and different social structures are considered in this paper as they impact politics.
Introduction
Gender
Group Dynamics
Cognitive and Moral Development
Psychological Development
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Certainly, this colors the concept of politics by making the male the natural participant in politics and by denying that role to the female, a theme repeated in society after society. In our own society, for instance, women were treated as chattel and were not given the right to vote or even to participate in most commerce outside the home. Many see this as a universal situation, while others raise doubts. Harris considers the issue of whether male supremacy is universal. This question is at the heart of the gender-role shifts taking place in Western societies, with the view that the traditional social structure saw male supremacy as a given while contemporary Western society is at least questioning that idea if not becoming openly antithetical to it. Harris cautions that it is not possible to go from the statement that women are subordinate as regards political authority in most societies to the statement that women are subordinate in all respects in all societies."
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Two American Political Systems: Society, Economics & Politics by Creel Froman, 2001.
Analysis of book on corporate domination of government in a capitalistic society. Role of money. Economic and political power.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
Corporate domination of government is evidenced in a number of ways. Their dominance is rooted in the capitalist system, which places great value in wealth and the accumulation of wealth, and in the definition of the corporation itself. Specifically, the wealth of a corporation is based in large part on stocks, which allow the corporation to expand in size and wealth and not to be limited by the funds of those who started the corporation (Froman 33-34). In other words, the corporation in a capitalistic society is perfectly placed to grow and grow in wealth and size. In addition, in a society in which capitalism and "democracy" intermingle, the corporation is in a perfect position to use its wealth to influence and dominate the government, the officials of that government, and the policies of that government."
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Affirmative Action: Ideals, Ironies, Complexities, Politics, Rhetoric and Values, 2002.
This paper concentrates on the background of legislative efforts to equalize opportunity for American blacks and discusses the efforts made to realize non-discriminatory values, specifically the public policy of 'Affirmative Action'.
6,270 words (approx. 25.1 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 146.95
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Abstract
The following essay examines the affirmative action legislation that was created with the intention of offering the values of equal opportunity, racial equality and individual liberty as public policy. The writer examines how the rhetoric and political jargon involved in the implementation often overshadowed or confused the values that originally were intended in the legislation. It is of this writer's opinion that the Declaration of Independence established the idealistic intent of the United States of America to be a place for democratic equality and today Americans are still dealing with the complexities of turning the ideal into the real.
From the Paper
"Polarization over public policy attempting to legislate values is common. Affirmative action is an especially emotional, value oriented legislative issue. The complexities and ironies involved were present in the roots of American democracy and reverberate into modern times. Rhetoric resonates when affirmative action is the topic under discussion. Words like discrimination, reverse discrimination, preferential treatment, justice, equality, politics of inclusion, quotas, color-blindness fly fast and furiously. The main values under consideration in public policy concerning affirmative action are equal opportunity and civil rights. At it's inception affirmative action legislation was aimed at racial equality centered on the black/white dichotomy. As it evolved affirmative action came to include concern for the civil rights of other American ethnic minorities as well as the equality of civil rights between the sexes. In order to somewhat limit the vastness of the subject, this paper will concentrate on the extensive background of legislative efforts to equalize opportunity for American blacks and the public policy that emerged as efforts to realize non-discriminatory values evolved into what became known as affirmative action."
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"The Genius Of American Politics" ( Daniel Boorstin ) and "The American Political Tradition" ( Richard Hofstadter ), 1999.
Compares the authors' views on the Founding Fathers' views on constitutional system, federalism, republican vs. democratic government and survival of the union.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
"Richard Hofstadter in the early chapters of his book The American Political Tradition characterizes the Founding Fathers and the constitutional system they developed and addresses certain issues of federalism as they developed in the thinking of James Madison, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and others, and he shows elsewhere in his book how the concept of federalism was tested and preserved in American history and American political life.
From the Paper
"Richard Hofstadter in the early chapters of his book The American Political Tradition characterizes the Founding Fathers and the constitutional system they developed and addresses certain issues of federalism as they developed in the thinking of James Madison, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and others, and he shows elsewhere in his book how the concept of federalism was tested and preserved in American history and American political life. His analysis is less theoretical and more centered on the intentions of the framers of the Constitution and on what they wanted to achieve, protect, and promote.
One of the more interesting statements made by Hofstadter is that it is ironic that the Constitution "is based upon a political theory that at one crucial point stands in direct antithesis to the mainstream of American democratic faith""
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