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The Snake River, 2006.
This paper discusses the history, ecology and nature of the Snake River.
2,920 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the Snake River which is part of the larger Columbia River system. The natural ecology of the Snake River has been altered by the placement of dams on the river, altering the way Salmon move through the entire region and raising a number of questions about whether the dams are doing more harm than good. The Snake River is the main tributary of the Columbia River and extends some 1028 miles through both Yellowstone National Park and Grand Teton National Park. The river originates in Wyoming. The river empowers a number of hydroelectric plants along its route and so is a vital energy source for the country. The ecology of the Snake River has changed as a result of many of the projects along the length of the river, including the aforementioned series of dams and possible pollutants from the hydroelectric plants as well as from other environmental challenges in the region.
From the Paper
"The Columbia River system drains a 259,000-square-mile basin covering territory in seven states (Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Wyoming, and Utah) and one Canadian province (Columbia River 2005). This river is probably the most significant environmental force in the Pacific Northwest, flowing more than 1,200 miles from the base of the Canadian Rockies in southeastern British Columbia to the Pacific Ocean at Astoria, Oregon, and Ilwaco, Washington. Human beings have inhabited the region along the river for more than 10,000 years, but modern engineering in the 19th and 20th centuries has dramatically altered the Columbia River, so much so that some scientists today believe that the river is environmentally threatened and that drastic action should be taken to reverse the changes made to the Columbia over the last 150 years."
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Yangtze River Ports, 2007.
This paper reports on the Yangtze River Transport development and looks at ports dredging and future planning.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This report provides an introduction to the current development of Yangtze River transportation in the aspects of economy, hinterland, dredging and container port. A further development plan of Yangtze River as well as a blueprint of dredging work announced by the central government are also briefly revealed. Finally, an introduction to three of the top five ports along the Yangtze River are given, in addition to PSA's China's prior research work on the remaining two of the top five ports i.e. Taicang and Zhangjiagang.
Outline:
Brief Introduction on Yangtze River
Economy & Hinterland
Yangtze River Transport
Development in Yangtze River Transportation
Port Along Yangtze River
Further Development Plan of Yangtze River
Dredging
The whole truck line
Responsible parties
Blueprint of dredging work
Lower Reaches
Brief Introduction on 3 of the Top 5 Ports Along Yangtze River
Nanjing
Wuhan
Chongqing
From the Paper
"The emergence of important cities and industrial belt along the Yangtze is closely related to shipping on the river. By transporting raw materials, components and finished goods to and from industrial bases, the river plays a vital role in Yangtze region today. Statistics shows that the Yangtze Rivers carries 80% of the iron ore, 72% of the crude oil and 83% of the coal demanded by large factories and enterprises along the river. In some provinces and cities, more than 80% of foreign trade relies on the Yangtze River. Moreover, the transport of liquefied petroleum gas, chemicals and asphalt, as well as ro-ro transport, are also developing rapidly."
"According to the Yangtze Administration of Navigational Affairs, cargo throughput on the Yangtze reached 990m tons in 2006, 3.5 times as much as in 2000, and 3.8m TEU, 5.6 times higher than that of in 2000, making it the world's largest river in terms of freight volume."
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The Yellow River of China, 2007.
This paper looks at the The Yellow River of China and discusses the county's water demand and supply.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the Yellow River or Huanghe is the second longest river in the world. The writer points out that the river rises in Tibet and journeys for 5,464 kilometers through North China. The writer discusses that the Yellow River is the source of life for Northern China, where 43% of the population lives. Further the writer points out that it is this river in China, which has been subjected to the strongest influence of human activities. With brisk economic spurts and the expansion of population along the River basin, the writer notes that waste water release has increased in unexpected and unprecedented levels.The writer discusses that today, the lack of adequate water supply, especially in the Yellow River region, is among China's biggest problems.
From the Paper
"The Yellow River is the source of life for Northern China, where 43% of the population lives. Yet it has only 14% of the country's water supply. Cities and communities have crowded along the River, in the hope of partaking with the rewards of growth and prosperity. The national policy also encourages it. The threat of flooding has already characterized the River from the beginning. Recent conditions present a further threat to the River's capability of sustaining the overcrowding and its consequences. The region's major cities are growing rapidly. In Ningxia alone, centuries of irrigation have created an oasis. For centuries, its farmers have believed that the Yellow River is a great gift to them and viewed it as an endless resource. Water demand has risen in the area and air pollution has reportedly reached alarming levels. Today, the lack of adequate water supply, especially in the Yellow River region, is among China's biggest problems."
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Four River-Valley Civilizations, 2004.
This paper discusses the four river-valley civilizations of India, China, Egypt, and Mesopotamia, which were among the earliest civilizations in history.
1,765 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the earliest civilizations in history, such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and India, were found near rivers because, when rivers flooded, people could grow more food for themselves and for trade. This system, the basis of all these early civilizations, is called the ?river-valley civilizations?. The author points out that these civilizations arose independently of each other and shared certain generic features, but each people produced unique characteristics based on the environment, especially in their religious and social structures. The paper concludes that all these civilizations began to decline because of the lack of power in the ruler, which resulted in many wars or disunity within a civilization.
From the Paper
"Mesopotamia, meaning ?the land between the two rivers,? was found within the rivers of Tygris and Euphrates, near modern day Iran and Iraq. Mesopotamians had a wedge-shaped writing, and they were great in mathematics. They were the ones who founded that one minute equals to sixty seconds and that sixty minutes equal to one hour. Moreover, days of the week, weeks, calendars were established by Mesopotamians.
When it comes to their political system, Mesopotamians had independent city-states, in which the city controlled its surrounding countryside. There was a huge power struggle between these numerous city-states in order to gain political and military control over others. They had similar type of government and they were governed by the system called ?polytheistic theocracy,? ruling by many gods and priests. In this system, gods owned everything within those city-states, and priests simply provided the connection between the gods and people."
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The Yellow River in China, 2007.
A discussion on the problems facing the Yellow River (also known as "Huang He" in Chinese) in China.
1,808 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Yellow River's historical significance to Chinese history and civilization and explains that it has supported the millions of people who have lived alongside it. The paper examines how the river has periodically caused an equal amount of sorrow through devastating floods and course changes throughout history. The paper explores how the river is currently faced with decreased flows due to over-exploitation, pollution from the surrounding industries, and continued silting. The paper concludes that concerted efforts are required on an emergency basis to find a solution to the problems facing the Yellow River.
Outline:
Introduction
Problems:
Silt Deposition
Floods & Course Changes
Decreased Flows
Environmental Degradation
Chemical and Biological Pollution
Solutions
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Chemical and biological pollution of the surface and groundwater in the Yellow River Basin and the North China Plain is another serious concern. Discharge of industrial effluent and untreated sewage from cities and villages is common everywhere in China but is particularly damaging for the Yellow River. Surface water contamination is becoming increasingly important as water supplies decline and less dilution occurs. According to Dr. Zhongping Zhu, Principal Researcher with IWMI: "Water pollution in the Yellow River is exceptionally high...in 2000 less than 40% of the water was deemed drinkable after treatment, with 24% being classed as unfit for human consumption." (Quoted in "New Research Could Provide...")"
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The River in "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl", 2002.
A look at the functions and symbolism of the river motif in Harriet Jacobs? "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl?.
1,704 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 0 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the three functions of the river motif in this novel. The first motif discussed is that because the river is constantly flowing and moving, it is an apt symbol of transportation - this can be physical transportation or metaphorical transportation. Another key meaning of the river is life, death, and rebirth. The final function discussed is the river as a state of limbo.
From the Paper
"The river is a perfect symbol for a place of movement in a narrative about slavery and escape from slavery. The river is a flowing, constantly moving, ever-changing body of water. It is more powerful as an image than any other body of water because of this quality of movement. The water is never in the same place twice in a river, and therefore Harriet Jacobs uses the river appropriately as a symbol of physical transportation and of symbolic transportation. The waters of the river flow, mimicking the flow and movement of time. Linda and the other slaves have a unique concept of time, because as slaves their time means nothing to them. They are captives, treated as chattel, and their lives are meaningless without the state of freedom. The river symbolizes movement away from this stagnant state of being. The river, implying a passage of time, offers hope to Linda and the other slaves that time will be on their side."
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The Hudson River and PCBs, 2006.
This paper analyzes the impact of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the Hudson River.
2,545 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that Hudson River has been characterized as one of the country's worst cases of PCB contamination. The author points out that community residents have advanced two primary issues of concerns about the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) announced plan to remediate the high concentrations of PCBs in the Hudson by dredging the material from the river: (1) the possible re-suspension of contaminants during dredging and (2) the disposition of dredged PCB-contaminated soil. The paper relates that, despite the glaring need for more research to identify better ways of remediating the affected parts of the Hudson River, the fact remains that the industries, which are primarily responsible for the problem in the first place, continue to stonewall by introducing spurious studies they have funded in an effort to delay or avoid any responsibility. The paper includes a table.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview.
Stakeholders in the Hudson River Case.
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Other metals such as barium, chromium, aluminum, lead, and manganese are also being released into the Hudson from runoff and discharges points, and are sometimes found at discernible levels in ambient water quality testing in the lower Hudson. During a 14-year period in the late 20th century, researchers found that (a) lead represented 58.5 percent of violations of Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) water quality standards for the protection of human and aquatic life, (b) cadmium for 6.1 percent, and mercury for 4.7 percent, out of a total 2,123 water quality violations in the Hudson River."
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Mississippi River, 2004.
A brief examination of the history of the Mississippi River.
821 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the historical and geographical importance of the Mississippi River. It looks at the symbolic nature of the river as being the separation point between East and West. The paper focuses on the early history of the river and looks at the Native Americans who lived nearby.
From the Paper
"The Mississippi River is one of the world's great rivers. It is the longest river in the United States, more than twenty-three hundred miles in length, as it forms the borders of ten states, almost bisecting the continent (Currie,2003, 8). The river has a long history as well, and it has touched the lives of many people. The Mississippi is said to begin at Lake Itasca in Minnesota. In 1832, explorer Henry Schoolcraft named this lake, not after any local Indian name, but from the Latin words for "true head" which are veritas caput shortened to "Itasca" (Currie, 2003, 4). However, long before its source was named it was a navigational river."
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"The River Between", 2002.
An analysis of Kenyan writer Ngugi wa Thiong'o's book on two tribes, "The River Between".
1,278 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 0 sources, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces and discusses "The River Between" by Ngugi wa Thiong'o which tells the tale of two rival communities, Kameno and Makuyu, which face each other and are separated only by the Honia River. The paper describes how these two villages are in a constant battle over conflicting myths of leadership and religion, which have been the basis of their arguments for many generations. The paper shows how Ngugi focuses on the impact of Christian missionaries on the balance of African culture.
From the Paper
"The inhabitants of the Kameno ridge have indigenous cultural traditions such as polytheism and circumcision, while those of the Makuyu ridge had already succumbed to Christianity and British colonization. This story is mainly about the conflicted relationship between two villages representing traditional African beliefs on the one side and Christianity on the other. In this novel, a mission-educated character tries unsuccessfully to synthesize the Christian worldview with the Gikuyu, even as he comes to understand the completely destructive force Christianity will have on his indigenous culture."
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"The River of No Return?, 2006.
This paper discusses the theme of the book "The River of no Return" by Cleveland Sellers and Robert Terrell.
1,431 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the author recounts how some of the most fascinating books on modern African-American history have recast the civil rights movement. The author expresses this as an expansive freedom struggle with visionary goals that reach beyond domestic legal battles to attain global significance. The author highlights that in the book "The River of No Return" by Cleveland Sellers and Robert Terrell, black political militancy sought not just civil rights legislation but also broader political and economic gains. He describes how Cleveland Sellers tells of his own personal trajectory and that of many other young African-American activists after the 1964 Democratic Party convention. The author continues to discuss the many important dates in the history of the civil rights movement and committees that were set up, which he states are related to in the book, "The River of No Return".
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Theme of the Book
Theme of the Book
Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
Change in Strategy of Struggle
From the Paper
"It is the national effort made by black people and their supporters in the 1950s and 1960s to eliminate separation and gain equal rights. The initial episode in the movement, a boycott of the city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, was touched off by the refusal of one black woman, Rosa Parks, to give up her seat on a bus to a white person. A number of sit-ins and similar demonstrations followed. A high point of the civil rights movement was a rally by hundreds of thousands in Washington, D.C., in 1963, at which a leader of the movement, Martin Luther King, Jr., gave his "I have a dream" speech. The federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 authorized federal action against segregation in public accommodations, public facilities, and employment. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed after large demonstrations in Selma, Alabama, which drew some violent responses. The Fair Housing Act, prohibiting discrimination by race in housing, was passed in 1968."
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Lower Snake River Dams Past Present and Future, 2000.
This paper discusses the dam removal issue on the Lower Snake River in Washington State.
3,408 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper shows how, according to most scientists, dam removal would be the best option for recovery of native salmon and steal head in the Snake River system. The paper examines the human costs and shows how many people rely on the river in its current state for their livelihood. The paper discusses the issues of the cost and benefits of dam removal that lawmakers must weigh before deciding this complicated issue.
From the Paper
"As it is with any issue of importance all sides and perspectives must be explored before any kind of decision can be made. So, the question at hand is should the four dams (Ice Harbor, Lower Monumental, Little Goose and Lower Granite) on the lower Snake River be removed, to aid in the recovery of endangered Idaho salmon and steelhead stocks. At the beginning of this century salmon and steelhead runs in the Columbia and Snake River basins were unequaled. I read accounts, from the 1920's and 30's, of fishermen hauling in half mile long seine nets with draft horses, containing 30,000 tons of salmon at a time, and catching up 94,000 tons of fish a day in the mouth of the Columbia River. Not only where the fish more plenty full they where larger. I saw a picture of an 82-pound Chinook caught in 1921 in Astoria. These massive salmon where known as June hogs and their spawning grounds where found all the way up in British Columbia. These massive specimens ceased to exist after the construction of the Grand Coulee dam in 1941, which closed off over a thousand miles of prime spawning grounds to the north. The loss of these mighty specimens signaled the fate of the rest of the species in the coming decades. The Grand Coulee was just the first in a series of dams, which have destroyed critical habitat and impeded the upward and downstream migration of the once plentiful fish. When Lewis and Clark visited this region in 1802 approximately 16 million salmon and steelhead returned each year to complete their life cycle; today approximately 300,000 fish will return, a small fraction of the once mighty run. Dams are not the only factor leading to the extinction of salmon and steelhead, there are other important factors such as: pollution, stream bank deprivation caused by logging and grazing, non-favorable oceanic conditions, over fishing, and predation. But, for the purpose of this paper I will be discussing the environmental as well as the social effects of removing the dams on the lower Snake. "
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The Tisza River Catastrophe, 2000-2001, 2003.
A case study of the Romanian-Hungarian dispute over the cyanide spill that caused severe ecological damage to the Tisza River.
4,055 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 32 sources, MLA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the diplomatic tug-of-war that followed the January 2000 cyanide spill that began in Romania and entered the Tisza River in Hungary through the greater Danube River system. The paper shows that throughout the affair, both Romania and Hungary emphasized the need for clear, defined international legal agreements that would govern responsibility in the case of a transboundary environmental catastrophe. It also shows how, Romania used the absence of such an agreement to defend its position that it was free of liability in the matter.
From the Paper
"The Tisza River catastrophe, aside from yielding irreversible ecological damage to the river basin area, has had severe repercussions for Romanian-Hungarian relations. While Romania and Hungary, both with designs on joining the European Union and attracting increased foreign investment, attempted to create an image of cooperation in dealing with the disaster, relations between the two countries became strained over issues of blame. The Hungarian government was vague in its demand for compensation, noting that it might not be able to hold the Austrian firm involved in the spill directly responsible. Even Hungary?s position on whether to sue Romania was initially uncertain. A desire to promote an international image of stability led both countries to downplay the disaster and cloak the international dispute, but at the same time the Hungarian government had to contend with an outraged Hungarian population."
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Pollution in the Delaware River, 2005.
An overview of the ongoing problem of pollution in the Delaware River.
1,164 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Delaware River is currently being polluted from industries along its banks and from runoff from rainwater and how, although it is cleaner than it has been in years, the fish from it are still unsafe to eat due to high levels of PCBs in the water. It looks at how, although efforts are currently underway to reduce the amounts of pollutants in the river, oil spills like the one that recently occurred, undermine these efforts and kill or sicken large numbers of wildlife in the area.
Outline
Introduction
Water Pollution
Dubious Honor
Problems with PCBs
Failing Pollution Standards
Protectors
Recent Problems
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although the executive director of the "Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC) stated that the Delaware River in 2003 is the cleanest it has been in decades, the presence of PCBs remains a problem (Unknown, Newswire)." The high amount of PCBs in the river have forced states to issue warnings about consuming fish from the river due to the detection of high amounts of PCBs in their tissues. The DRBC hopes to eventually eliminate these warnings by finding ways to lower the amounts of PCBs in the river. They are currently working with "Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, and the EPA to develop the technical basis for four TMDLs to address four different water quality zones in the river's tidal reach, the 85-mile stretch from Trenton, N.J., downstream to the head of the Delaware Bay, and near Liston Point, Delaware (Unknown, Newswire).""
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?Down the River?, 2002.
An analysis of environmentalist Ed Abbey's book ?Down the River?.
1,595 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the American writer Ed Abbey's book, ?Down the River?. It describes how Abbey gives a lyrical and compelling portrait of the beauty of the American Southwest and the Colorado River. The paper illustrates how the book includes discussions of authority, power and social conscience, but concludes, it is ultimately a fervent appeal to protect nature from the ever-encroaching hand of man.
From the Paper
"One of the greatest strengths in Down the River is Abbey's almost unwilling and unwitting lyricism. His love of the land comes through clearly and unequivocally through in his text. Certainly, no one would ever accuse Abbey of being a truly great literary figure, but there is certainly an element of the profound and lyrical to his work in Down the River. He is passionate, articulate, and his clear love of the land rings through clearly. It is this passion and conviction that ultimately makes "Down the River" an engaging and interesting work."
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Cleaning up Patapsco River/ Chesapeake Bay, 2002.
This paper talks about the pollution problems, consequences, and clean up methods in the Patapsco River, Inner Harbor, and Chesapeake Bay.
4,045 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This is an examination of the environmental issues surrounding the Patapsco River, Inner Harbor, and Chesapeake Bay. It hints as to where the pollution comes from, and gives solutions on what society needs to do in order to clean up our rivers and save our environment.
From the Paper
"The Patapsco watershed, particularly some sections in its upper region, suffers from high levels of nutrients, bacteria, and suspended sediments. The known heritage of close to three centuries of pollution and abuse of the Patapsco's resources seem to blame our ancestors for the low oxygen levels, disease, algae blooms, and excess nutrients that are destructing the water (Alliance, 2). It is unfortunate that little used to be known about the harmful effects resulting from damming, channel dredging, pollution, and dumping and how they have taken their toll on the river."
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