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Article Review: "Possible Antecedents of Correctional Staff Work", 2008.
This paper identifies the types of data and variables contained in the research by Eric Lambert and Nancy Hogan entitled 'Possible Antecedents of Correctional Staff Work on Family Conflict'.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explores an article that presents the exploratory research by Lambert and Hogan entitled 'Possible Antecedents of Correctional Staff Work on Family Conflict' and reported in a 2006 "Professional Issues in Criminal Justice: A Professional Journal". The author points out that the nominal level of measurement was the control variables labeled "Personal Characteristics", such as gender, age and position. The paper reports that the measures of the variables, other than those of the personal characteristics, were on a sliding scale, which could not be interpreted as ordinal data or variables. The author reports that the independent variables were the level of job danger, role ambiguity, role conflict, instrumental communication (performance feedback), integration, input to decision-making, supervision, job variety and organizational fairness; the dependent variable of work on family conflict was rated at several different levels.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Nominal Data / Nominal Variables
Ordinal Data / Ordinal Variables
Interval Data / Interval Variables
Ratio Data / Ratio Level Variables
Methodology of Research
Proposed Version of Similar Research
From the Paper
"The goal of yielding a bounty of ratio data would require an expansion of the dependent variable on the survey. In the present research, work on home conflict was limited to nine items varying from time conflict to strain or harm to family life. The researchers determined that only five of the independent variables had a statistically significant influence upon work on home conflict If it is desired to obtain more ratio data, then a new survey should be prepared emphasizing the five areas most likely to antecede work on home conflict and of those items rate the level of each area of work on home conflict established by the first survey."
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Correctional Staff Work and Family Conflict, 2008.
This paper analyzes a study of possible antecedents of correctional staff work on family conflict.
1,504 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews a study done on one mid-western correctional facility that explored the possible antecedents of correctional staff work on family conflict. The paper examines the measures of validity and reliability, as well as proposed changes in methodology for increased validity and reliability. The paper also looks at methodology for the reliability of future studies.
Outline:
Part 1: Validity and Reliability in General
Face Validity
Content Validity
Criterion Validity
Predictive Validity
Construct Validity
Alternate-Forms Reliability
Inter-observer Reliability
Inter-item Reliability
Part 2: Improvements in Reliability and Validity
Replication of the Study
From the Paper
"Self reporting studies are inherently, unless carefully crafted, in the areas of validity and reliability. When reviewing validity, the three measurement areas of idiosyncratic individual errors, generic individual errors, and method factors are all difficult to overcome in self reported studies. The perception of self and of surroundings can be as varied as the individuals self reporting the results to the researchers. Further, the motivation to be completely accurate and candid with the researchers is not evident, especially in this case where the researchers were paying for the results. The researchers chose to study only one correctional facility, and of the 450 possible respondents, received only 275 responses. (Lambert & Hogan, 2006, p.21) These factors lead to the low levels of validity and reliability further explored below."
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Correctional Staff Sexual Misconduct, 2007.
This paper analyzes the problem of correctional staff sexual misconduct in the United States from several different viewpoints.
2,625 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that the issue of staff-on-inmate sexual misconduct remains a prevalent problem within the United States correctional system. The writer points out that there is a vast amount of research on the topic that has triggered the passage of new laws as well as placed a greater focus on the need for correctional facility officials and the Department of Justice to take actions to put an end to the abuse. The writer offers solutions to this increasing problem. The writer concludes that it appears that correctional administration and prison staff clearly have their work cut out for them if they want to achieve a safer and fairer modern correctional system.
From the Paper
"Although somewhat recognized as a problem, sexual abuse within the prison system did not seem to occur as frequently as the later research tends to reveal. For example, by the early 1980s, it became increasingly noticeable that sexual abuse by those in a supervisory type position tended to be strategic, and that such formulations implied the presence of cognitive processes that allow offenders to simultaneously overcome their own inhibitions and the resistance of the victim. Ferund was among the first to explicitly acknowledge the role of cognition in explaining sexual abuse. He argued that sexual offenders had to overcome both internal and external inhibitions as well as the resistance of the victim in order for abuse to occur. According to his research, these offenders had to find a way to avoid taking responsibility for or to deny the harmfulness of behaviors that they would otherwise recognize as abusive. In general, researchers theorized that prison guards idealized the fact that they were in control over an unworthy population, and that such cruel treatment as sexual abuse was deserved by this population."
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Correctional Staff Absenteeism, 2007.
This paper examines a study that explores reasons for staff absenteeism in correctional facilities.
4,299 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
The paper attempts to pinpoint the reasons for staff absenteeism in the prison system. The paper presents a study that uses a survey of corrections staff in a major prison facility. The paper discusses how solving the abstenteeism problem will help to improve the health, safety and well-being of staff members as well as inmates.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Problem Statement
Research Objectives
Literature Review
Methodology
Glossary of Terms
From the Paper
"Absenteeism in the correctional system reduces the efficiency of the organization. It can also be costly as well. The problems associated with absenteeism in prisons are exacerbated by rapidly rising prison populations (Dolovich, 2005). . In 1975, there were approximately 226,000 inmates in prisons across the United States (Cettinger, 1976 in Dolovich, 2005) By 1984, the population had risen to 740,000 (Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Ctr., 2004). By 2003, the prisoner population in the United States was over 2.1 million (Harrison and Beck, 2004). This dramatic rise in prison populations places the entire system under strain. Absenteeism significantly adds to this problem as staff struggle to take up the slack for those that are not at work."
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"Work Sister Work", 2005.
Report on Shields and Shields's book about the place of black women in the American work force.
2,652 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the content of the book, "Work Sister Work", its focus, and the authors' intended purpose in writing the book. The paper also explains that, in addition to providing useful information about not only black women in the workplace, but about the place of all women in the workplace and the changes in the American work force, as well as government efforts to improve the situation, the paper also focuses on how black women, in particular, can empower themselves so that they may survive and thrive in today's workplace.
From the Paper
"The idea of many of establishing a work force that reflects the diversity of the nation was one of the underlying purposes for affirmative action programs to bring more women and members of racial minorities into the work force. For most of America's history, much of the work force consisted primarily of white males. This has long been true especially in white collar jobs and in managerial positions. The composition of the work force did not reflect the reality of the American populace--women comprise slightly more than half the population, and a growing segment of the population consists of racial minorities. Even as these other groups have moved into the work force, they have tended to do so at lower levels and not to rise to managerial positions, where the white male continued to dominate."
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Team Work at Work, 2004.
An analysis of the benefits of team-based organization systems.
1,028 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the concept of team-based organization systems and how they benefit or do not benefit the management, labor unions, and the employees. The writer compares the organization/business to that of a political system and shows how the various team structures work with this theory. The paper concludes that organizations that follow the team-based system not only benefit from the managerial level, but also from the members level.
From the Paper
"Organizational structure plays a great role in determining the result of the desired output. During the 19th century, management theorists realized that employee productivity largely depended on the work process rather than the workers themselves. Factors like skills, environment, machineries and managers all were considered secondary to productivity. However, with the emergence of scientific management these factors came forward and management realized that they play critical role in achieving organizational goals. The reason being that organizations developed the socio-economic understanding of the employees as well as the psychological factors such as motivation, aspiration, personal goals and careers."
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Desert View Modified Community Correctional Institute, 2006.
A review of the problems facing the staff working in a correctional institution.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the difficulties when working in a correctional institution. Correctional officers are in daily contact with murders, rapists and other violent offenders. It is often necessary for such facilities to expand, or to bring in more inmates, simply because of the nature of today's society. The paper reports that these needs put increased pressure on an already strained support system. Correctional officers are often underpaid and turnover can be high in correctional facilities. Desert View Modified Community Correctional Institute has such a need to expand; however, the high rate of turnover among the correctional officers, in conjunction with the difficulty in hiring new officers, makes it difficult to maintain the staff needed for such an expansion. Such difficulty would make an expansion difficult and unsafe for the community.
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A Modern Correctional Facility, 2006.
This paper suggests a design of correctional facilities that would solve the present problems.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper contends that correctional facilities do not work as intended. In part, this failure could be blamed on prison overcrowding. The paper explains that related to this issue is that of insufficient coverage by correctional officers. A third potentially related issue is the failure of our correctional facilities lack of funding to provide adequate room and personnel to oversee all prisoners in the system. The paper considers that a solution to this problem would seem twofold.
From the Paper
"Additional beds are needed to house inmates produced by current sentencing guidelines. In addition, additional funding in the system would assist both with the housing and the personnel coverage. It has been suggested in the past that privatization of the correctional system would be of assistance with both issues. For that reason, this suggested design will be intended to address these needs with a facility built using private funds. Privatizing correctional facilities is not new."
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Stress and Burnout Among Correctional Officers, 2004.
A review of literature focusing on the stress and burnout experienced by correctional officers.
4,050 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth review of literature looking at the effects and causes of stress among correctional officers. The paper examines literature discussing the theories of stress and burnout, stress among correctional officers, effects of stress on correctional officers, job satisfaction and turnover among correctional officers.
From the Paper
"Specifically, this chapter will include theories of stress and burnout, stress among correctional officers, effects of stress on correctional officers, job satisfaction and turnover among correctional officers and a summary of the chapter. Job related stress has been associated with a vast array of physical diseases and psychological disorders and has been..."
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Correctional Officers and the Death Penalty, 2007.
An argument in favor of capital punishment against criminals who murder correctional officers in prison.
1,139 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper presents arguments regarding the morality and legality of the death penalty and argues briefly for its continued presence within the fabric of the contemporary United States justice system. The paper examines the enforcement of the death penalty in the different states and reasons for its use. The paper demonstrates the importance of maintaining the deterrence of correctional officers who face the risk of murder from incarcerated inmates.
Outline:
Overview
The Death Penalty in the United States
Reasons for the Death Penalty
Why Correctional Officers in Prison are Analogous to Police Officers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The U.S. Constitution forbids cruel and unusual punishment. What constitutes cruel and unusual punishment is a subjective idea, and has evolved over the course of world and American history, both legally and in terms of public opinion. The appropriateness of punishment is something that evolves in dialogue with the law courts of the land and also in terms of what people believe is fair punishment. At present, the U.S. Supreme Court has affirmed the constitutionality of the death penalty, provided that it is enforced in a fair and equitable manner, and the majority of the United States citizenry has supports the death penalty. Support is growing, rather than sinking. "Support reached an all-time low of 42% in 1966. Throughout the 70s and 80s, the percentage of Americans in favor of the death penalty increased steadily, culminating in an 80% approval rating in 1994"."
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Ohio Correctional System, 2005.
A position paper on the philosophy guiding the punishments used in the Ohio correctional system.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This position statement examines the appropriate use of punishment in the Ohio Correctional System. The writer proposes that it is an accepted fact that correctional systems must use some form of punishment, but the reasons for using punishments are extremely diverse in their intents and purposes. The paper discusses how arguments can be made in favor of using punishment as a means of retribution for crimes committed, incapacitation of the prisoner when in the system, creating physical and psychological forms of deterrence, helping form an environment of restorative justice, and rehabilitation of the prisoner's existing behavior.
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Correctional Systems, 2002.
The role of correctional systems and the purpose of punishment.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the correctional systems and the purpose they serve. It then describes the correctional system and explains what purpose they serve for society. .
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Correctional Treatment Facility, 2003.
Analyzes a correctional treatment facility as a social structure.
4,032 words (approx. 16.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
Social systems theory attempts to explain how humans interact with their environment. Under social systems theory, holistic patterns are searched for to help explain cause and effect at the micro and macro levels. Social systems theory is a part of systems thinking. Systems thinking is a conceptual framework for seeing interrelationships rather than mere things. This paper analyzes a social structure, a correctional treatment facility that employs the bureaucratic structure system, and argues that systems thinking would be the ideal model for efficiency in outcomes and treatment for the clients. The paper includes illustrations and diagrams.
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Introduction
Defining Social Systems
History of Wisconsin Corrections
History of the Wisconsin Resource Center
Model of the Wisconsin Resource Center
Recommendations
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Social systems can be defined as any level of interaction that may be direct, face-to-face personal interaction of two people, or the indirect, enormously interlinked, impersonal interaction of a society (Loomis, 1960). In social systems, analysis begins with the individual and continues outward with the interaction of two or more people interacting with their environment."
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Crisis in the American Correctional System, 2006.
An examination of challenges in the U.S. correctional system, such as overcrowding and high client caseloads.
1,805 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes key issues preventing the correctional system in the United States from being effective in its goals to reduce crime and recidivism rates. It describes the problems with overcrowding, high client caseloads and the lack of offender change resulting from a lack of effective educational, vocational and rehabilitative programs available to inmates during their incarceration. The paper focuses on potential solutions to these problems, such as the possible benefits of a shift to a more rehabilitative model of corrections.
From the Paper
"The "crisis in corrections" is not due to one single issue but rather the culmination of several, interrelated issues that have persisted in the field of corrections. Each of these issues is precipitated by the others, in a cycle of ignorance and misguided acceptance. Historical changes in sentencing policies and prison procedures and a current lack of awareness and motivation for change have resulted in a systemic crisis of serious overcrowding, a lack of effective programming and assistance for current and released inmates, and a high rate of recidivism."
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Correctional Counselors, 2002.
An overview of correctional counselling as a career choice.
1,907 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
Therapists who enter the prison system are often new and eager to make a difference in the world. They often go in eager, get burned, get angry and then settle into middle ground if they are going to survive as a prison therapist. This paper presents a detailed examination of correctional counselors and their jobs. The writer explores why they come into the job, what their initial efforts are and what happens after the honeymoon phase is over. The writer also explores the punitive attitude the counselors often develop toward their clients after they discover prisoners have manipulated them.
From the Paper
"This lasts a while until the counselor begins to recognize that they are being manipulated and at times intimidated by those they are charged with helping. Many inmates are master manipulators and they have spent years honing their lying and conning skills on others who are experts as well. When a new and eager therapist enters the institution the prisoners see a chance to play games, get out of work duty, get some undivided attention and get some favors. It is not uncommon for a prisoner to manipulate a therapist into suggesting to the warden that the inmate needs certain things to help with his or her emotional health. The initial euphoria ends as the therapist begins to understand that he or she has been taken for a ride."
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