| Papers [1-15] of 24 :: [Page 1 of 2] | | Go to page : 1 2 —> | Search results on "RESUSCITATE POLICY": |
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The Do-Not-Resuscitate Policy, 2005.
This paper analyzes the arguments for and against a terminally ill individual's right to die as well as the legalities surrounding the medical community's do-not-resuscitate policy (DNR).
1,751 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the ongoing and controversial debate regarding euthanasia. This paper discusses the rights of terminally ill patients who opt to refuse treatment as well as the various legal and moral ramifications surrounding this particular topic. This paper delves into the views, policies and cost control measures of health insurance companies regarding DNR policies. This paper discusses both sides of the assisted suicide issue as it pertains to terminally ill individuals. This paper explores the medical community's reputation related to the improving quality of care given to terminally ill patients. This paper discusses the medical community's concern regarding inherent or potential disciplinary actions, malpractice liability as well as criminal prosecution surrounding physician assisted suicide. This paper also analyzes the existing yet contradicting laws which give patients the right to accept or refuse care yet do not encompass the rights of those actually delivering the care.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Arguments For
Arguments Against
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Consider that the United States healthcare system includes many health plans, physicians, hospitals, clinics, consumers, and public health programs. These entities are all usually focused on life and health recovery. But, the healthcare community also incorporates a very large hospice aspect which is utilized by both insured and uninsured patients that are terminally ill. As our nation's median age of the overall population steadily rises, more Americans will need the services provided by hospice organizations - or, they should be allowed to choose the option of do-not-resuscitate or "Right to Die" as valid approaches to end stage life. Once patients are to a point where they can be assured that there are no possibilities and or options left for curing their fatal disease for example, allowing the end to come more naturally may actually be more humane. This approach relieves many burdens such as when a financial burden is inadvertently put on the surviving family if life is extended artificially."
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Do Not Resuscitate, 2002.
A review of the "Do Not Resuscitate" order of end-stage patients.
1,487 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the issue of "Do Not Resuscitate" orders, commonly known as DNR's. While the main issue discusses the legal ramifications, there are other issues raised such as the use of health care resources and the ethical consequences of the inaction. The paper defines DNR as "if the patient's heart stops, there will be no efforts to revive that patient", in other words the patient will simply be allowed to die naturally, with no medical intervention.
From the Paper
"The first step here is to clarify what the "do not resuscitate" order means. It means that if the patient's heart stops, there will be no efforts to revive that patient. The patient will simply be allowed to die naturally, with no medical intervention. The Royal College of Nursing, along with other professional organizations, noted that these orders are important documents that should only be considered after discussion with the patient and family members or others close to the patient."
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Do Not Resuscitate Orders, 2007.
An analysis of the legal and ethical considerations of do not resuscitate (DNR) orders.
1,591 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of do not resuscitate (DNR) orders and living wills (also known as "advance directives"). Specifically, it discusses the ethics of these orders and how they relate to medical law and professional ethics. The paper looks briefly at where patient rights and medical ethics blend and where they diverge.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
Definitions
From the Paper
"Ultimately, the woman's condition deteriorated, and she died within 24 hours of the first legal and medical meeting regarding her case. However, the problem brings up many ethical questions. Who is ultimately responsible for advance directive orders? In this case, the woman could not speak for herself, and the closest relative was her husband, who made his wishes clearly known. However, the rights of the fetus also had to be considered. The authors of the case study note, "However, the rights of the unborn are still widely debated, and it is far less obvious that they can outweigh the well-established right of competent adults to be free of unwanted and burdensome medical treatment". This ethical question is difficult to decide, and even more difficult to implement. In this case, the doctor felt giving CPR to the woman would only prolong her life for perhaps minutes or hours, and would do nothing to greatly prolong her life and the life of her unborn child. If the age of the fetus had been different, this case probably would have ended in the courts."
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?Do Not Resuscitate?, 2004.
This paper discusses the ethics of ?Do Not Resuscitate? orders and living wills and their implication for the medical profession.
1,595 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although living wills and ?Do Not Resuscitate? (DNR) orders are common methods used by patients and their families to indicate their wishes during times of hospitalization and treatment, there are so many exceptional cases and circumstances surrounding these issues that they are continually controversial and test the bioethical standards of the medical and legal communities. The author points out that, while every state now recognizes advance directives and DNRs, they can be interpreted differently in each state due to laws and legislation. The author also explains that many physicians, fearful of legal reprisals, judge each advance directive on a case-by-case basis and are reluctant to abide by the directives if the case is even the slightest bit unusual or questionable.
From the Paper
"To a family member or patient, the idea of a Living Will or "Do Not Resuscitate" order many seem binding and unquestionable. However, many circumstances challenge these orders, and the ethics of carrying them out are sometimes convoluted and questionable. For example, one cited case involved a 21-year old pregnant female diagnosed with "PCP (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia), right parietal infarct (a blood clot in her brain) with left hemiplegia, and CMV (cytomegalovirus, an infection similar to mononucleosis)". It was discovered the woman was also HIV-positive, and there was a great possibility her unborn child was also HIV-positive."
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A ?Do-Not-Resuscitate? - DNR Order, 2006.
A discussion on the problems concerning 'Do-Not-Resuscitate' orders that are becoming a common feature of advance health care directives.
1,820 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains why it is unethical and impractical to expect people to sign a DNR order as part of their health care plan when, at the time of signing, they are perfectly healthy. It uses real medical cases illustrating why doing so is problematic and to argue that DNRs, while justified at times, can often be unsuitable for persons to specify in advance for any medical condition that may arise.
From the Paper
"A 'Do-Not-Resuscitate' - DNR Order from an adult patient directs the medical staff not to attempt to restore the patient if his breathing or heartbeat has blocked. This means that doctors, nurses and other health care practitioners will not start emergency procedures like mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, external chest compression, electric shock, and insertion of a tube to open your airway, injection of medication into your heart or open chest. Additionally, the Health Care Proxy Law permits an adult patient to employ someone to make decisions about DNR and other treatments if the patient is not capable of doing the same. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - CPR refers to the medical procedures employed to revive a patient's heart and breathing when the patient experiences heart failure. CPR may include minor efforts such as mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and external chest compression. Sophisticated CPR may include electric shocks, inserting of a tube to open the patient's airway, injecting medication into the heart and in complex difficult cases, open chest heart massage. "
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Unilateral Do Not Resuscitate Orders (DNR), 2007.
This paper explores the ethical issues of unilateral DNR orders.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses unilateral DNR, or do-not-resuscitate orders, placed in the chart of patients without the consent of the patient or the patient's family. They are used when CPR would be futile. The paper then describes the ethical controversy involved with this issue--that many fear physicians could abuse this practice. The author argues that policies must be in place to safeguard against abuse. A model unilateral DNR policy is presented.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature and Analysis
Explore Options
Apply Rule Ethics
Position
Considerations For Practice
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the early 1960s, CPR or cardiopulmonary resuscitation came into use. CPR was originally developed for patients who suffered a cardiac arrest secondary to anesthesia. The practice of CPR quickly became the standard of care for all patients suffering cardiac arrest. With advancements in technology the norm has become aggressive treatment until death. From the earliest days of CPR, few issues have been more contentious than whether a physician may determine, without patient or surrogate consent, that CPR is not indicated(Leonard, 1999). According to the Journal of Critical Care Medicine, by the late 1960s articles began to appear in medical literature, which described the agony many terminally ill patients experienced from repeated resuscitations that only prolonged their death (Burns, 2003). Because of the suffering caused by CPR performed on patients with terminal illnesses, hospital staff began using the unethical practice of slow codes or show codes. Orders not to resuscitate evolved in the early 1970s."
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Do Not Resuscitate, 2002.
An analysis of the DNR order.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 11 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
An illustration of the Do Not Resuscitate or DNR orders, as they are known as in the abbreviated form.
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Resuscitation of Neonates at Marginal Viability, 2004.
This paper discusses the issues and policies of resuscitation of neonates at marginal viability.
2,785 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the threatened birth of an extremely preterm or anomalous infant presents complex medical, social, and ethical issues for the family and the involved physicians. The author points out that cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the delivery room is a modality that presents clinicians with significant ethical issues because the decision to not resuscitate is made rapidly and most often without the advice of a bioethics committee. The author suggests the importance of facilitating change in the care of pregnant women and marginally viable infants resulting in parents developing an understanding of the risks that their newborn faces if delivered and resuscitated.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Media
Legal
Ethical
Economics
Facilitating Change
From the Paper
"The current and most frequent policy on resuscitating neonates of marginal viability is from the "Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation". It suggests the non-initiation of resuscitation for newborns less than 23 weeks gestation and/or 400 grams in birth weight. It consists of resuscitating infants of 23- 24 weeks or greater unless they have a previously diagnosed lethal anomaly. Current practice is to not resuscitate infants with congenital anomalies that are incompatible with life (Bloom, 1993). The fetus of 23 weeks is considered a possible but unlikely survivor. Since there is some evidence of survival of 23 week infants, various hospitals have adopted the policy of resuscitating these fetuses. Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants that survive represent a small percentage of those delivered."
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, 2004.
Provides an overview of the process and limitations of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
1,424 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses cardiopulmonary resuscitation,often abbreviated to CPR, a potentially life-saving procedure to temporarily restore blood flow and breathing to a person whose heart and lungs have stopped. It also looks at how the phrase is sometimes used to refer to interventions used to attempt to save patients already hospitalized, as well as to skills any person can acquire and use on a loved one or total stranger in an emergency. It looks at the discovery and development of the process, whether it actually works, and also discusses its limitations.
From the Paper
"CPR by itself is unlikely to save a person?s life. The best outcomes occur when CPR is followed by defibrillation as soon as possible followed by intensive medical support at a medical center. Unless CPR is begun within 4 - 6 minutes of when breathing has stopped, the person is likely to suffer significant brain damage, so early intervention is crucial. If there is only one person who is not strong enough to do both breathing and chest compressions, then chest compressions should be done. If the person?s hear resumes beating, often the person will begin breathing again as well. Together, the American Heart Association and the American Red Cross train more than five million people each year in CPR (De Milto, 1999)."
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Nursing Ethics, 2007.
This paper discusses the DNR (do not resuscitate) order as an important ethical issue faced by nurses providing care to terminally ill patients.
1,157 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper overviews ethical concerns and the nursing practice standards in palliative care settings. The paper focuses on the ethical implications of the DNR (do not resuscitate) order from the nursing perspective. The paper maintains that good palliative care is all about reducing the distress of the patient as much as possible and helping him attain a peaceful end. The paper asserts that this can sometimes demand a sense of moral detachment.
Outline:
Introduction
The DNR (Nursing Implications)
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The DNR (do not resuscitate) order is a request which advices against the use of Cardiopulmonary resuscitation for revival of the heart function of the patient who has a cardiac or pulmonary arrest. Typically, the request for DNR is given as an advance directive by the patient, but in cases where the patient is in comatose state the physician discusses it with the family before recording the DNR order. [Hanna Mari Hilden et.al, 2004] The DNR order in effect takes away the obligation on the part of the attending nurse or the physician to revive the failed heart using CPR. Nurses in palliative care have to face cases where the DNR is applied consistent with the patient's autonomy."
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Ethical Issues, 2007.
This paper looks at ethical issues within the medical field, focusing on do not resuscitate orders.
1,869 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses difficulties with do not resuscitate orders (DNRs), advanced directives and medical power of attorney. The writer notes that decisions regarding these issues are often left to the nurse to make, as a great deal of discretion is afforded the nurse, especially in the triage aspect of emergency room care. The writer points out that emergency room care requires quick thinking and logical judgment utilized to make the best possible decisions for a critically ill patient, that has not yet been medically stabilized. The writer claims that it is the job of the emergency room nurse and other staff to err on the side of caution and withhold any treatment that might further compromise the patient.
Outline:
Introduction
Legal Issues
Ethical Issues
Discussion
From the Paper
"The work expresses the problem, as it is associated with the view of palliative care as doing nothing. It is clear that palliative care is a viable medical response to end of life scenarios and should be utilized in cases where it is indicated, by the wishes of the individual and his or her legal voice. Palliative care being a set of treatments that focus not on life saving techniques but on those that impart comfort and treat uncomfortable symptoms, such as acute pain. The author indicates that the problem lies in the fact that this society, and especially the medical industry (here sighting new doctors) are consummate death deniers, seeking life saving options above all others. In the case specific to this write up the treatment change has certainly not gone to the point of a complete denial of patient wishes, as the denial of one form of palliative care, erring on the side of caution does not constitute full application of life support, though without patient advocates, as are seen by the present family, there is a danger of just such an occurrence."
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Do Not Resusciate Decisions, 2002.
Uses the examples of John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham to demonstrate that utilitarianims supports the ethical and moral "do not resuscitate" decision.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses how do not resuscitate (DNR) decisions from a patient standpoint can be proven morally and ethically upon examination through the principles of utilitarianism. The examples of John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham epitomize this reality.
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The DNR Order, 2007.
This paper argues that the do not resuscitate (DNR) order must be institutionalized.
817 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the bioethics issue of the do not resuscitate or DNR order. The paper discusses the importance of an individual under medical care actually understanding the implications of this document. The paper contends that the DNR order itself must be institutionalized as well as the procedures used to obtain signatures.
From the Paper
"In my experience as a health care provider I have seen many a document signed without regard to making certain that the individual has the right to sign the document (especially in the case of family signing for individuals in emergency care situations where the individual cannot sign for him or herself) and in situations where documents were signed by individuals who did not fully understand the implications or meaning of them. I have also seen many documents needing a signature of a witness be signed by medical professionals who were not actually present when a signature was obtained from patient or family. As this is usually thought of as an adjunct to their actual work as clinical providers they do not seem to give the significance of their actions or the implications of the documentation much regard."
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Nursing Ethics & Death, 1996.
Examines ethical theories & principles related to patient's "Do Not Resuscitate" order & operating room nurse's duties.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"This research explores the issues faced by the operating room nurse in relation to the ?do not resuscitate? (DNR) order. These issues are considered within the context of nursing ethics.
The exploration of these issues is conducted within the context of three articles from scholarly nursing journals addressing the DNR order within an operating room context. With respect to each of these articles, (1) the ethical issues addressed within the article are identified, (2) the relevant principles or theories of ethics are discussed, and (3) this writer?s position..."
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Informed Patient Consent For Surgery, 1995.
Discusses medical, legal and ethical issues, physician-nurse conflicts and do-not-resuscitate orders.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 9 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"INFORMED CONSENT IN RELATION TO OPERATING ROOM PROCEDURES
Introduction
This research reviews the issues associated with the concept of patient informed consent in relation to the performance of operating room procedures. These issues are addressed in discussions of the basic character of informed consent, physician-nurse dichotomies related to the concept of patient informed consent, and the role of informed consent with respect to actions on do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders within the operating room."
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