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"Requiem for a Dream", 2004.
This paper discusses many sociological themes in Darren Aronofsky's movie, "Requiem for a Dream".
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 0 sources, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there are many specific sociological principles that apply to things that happen within deviant subcultures in this movie. The author points out that "Requiem for a Dream" takes sociological deviation to the extreme with its use of drugs and how drugs destroy the four main characters? lives. The paper relates that the situation where, concurrent with Harry and Tyrone selling drugs, Sara switches from her grapefruit diet to speed pills in order to lose weight, is an example of a technique of neutralization, which is the process of hardening one's attitudes, perspective, and involvement in society and social norms.
From the Paper
The movie starts out with primary deviation, which is the deviant act itself. Within the first one fifth of the movie Harry, Tyrone, and Marian are all portrayed doing uppers, an illegal drug that gives users a boost of energy. Also, vocabulary of motives is shown in the first portion of the movie. Tyrone?s language is different from the rest of the characters, and he uses it in his subculture of friends to discuss their motives to sell heroin and beliefs that money is the key to happiness. However, the deviant subculture starts to develop when Harry and Tyrone start selling heroin. They form a group that believes that heroin is the only way to make a living. Harry comments about how great it is out there, referring to when he?s selling drugs, and exclaims that everyone?s thirsty out there.
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Addiction and Depression in "Requiem for a Dream", 2003.
This paper looks at emotional issues found in the movie.
1,559 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses addiction, poor self-image, and loneliness as central themes in the movie, "Requiem for a Dream".
From the Paper
"Every major character in ?Requiem for a Dream? is battling a demon. For the group of youths (Harry, Marian and Tyrone), drug addiction is a struggle that has grave consequences. Loneliness, addiction and poor self image are also present in the character of Sarah Goldfarb, Harry?s mom."
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Dreams and Dreaming, 2004.
An overview of the process of dreaming and what dreams really mean.
2,253 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to define what exactly a dream is, whether it is a story that evolves in the mind in a single flash of inspiration, moving from beginning to end in a few seconds, or whether there more to it than mere fantasy. It examines how many researchers, both past and present, have given numerous definitions for what dreams are and how they can be interpreted.
Outline
The Mechanics of Dreaming
The Sleep Cycle
Body Dynamics
The Healing Power of Dreams
Dream Deprivation
The Meaning of Dreams
From the Paper
"Thanks to these dream researchers, it is now known that there is a regular cycle of sleeping and dreaming during each period of sleep. For most people, a night of sleep begins with certain rituals; sleep then is supposed to come in an instant. Within the first few minutes, the temperature of the body falls, and brain waves begin their regular alpha rhythms, indicating a relaxed state. In Stage One, the muscles lose their tension, breathing becomes more even, and the heart rate slows. In Stage Two, random or nonsensical image may float through the mind, mimicking the dream state. In Stage Three, the body continues its process of slowing down; the muscles lose all tightness, breaths come slowly and rhythmically, the heart rate decreases and blood pressure falls. In Stage Four, the body and the mind are at their most restful periods and may last for many hours."
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Dreams and Dream Research, 2006.
This paper looks at the sleep cycle and studies dreaming.
2,261 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses what exactly a dream is. The writer ask whether it is a story that evolves in the mind in a single flash of inspiration, moving from beginning to end in a few seconds, or if is there more to it than mere fantasy. The writer discusses the sleep cycle and the act of dreaming and notes that many researchers, both past and present, have given numerous definitions for what dreams are and how they can be interpreted.
Outline:
The Mechanics of Dreaming
The Sleep Cycle
Body Dynamics
The Healing Power of Dreams
Dream Deprivation
The Meaning of Dreams
From the Paper
"A 2000 study at the University of Michigan found that the human body's dreaming condition is much like the fight or flight response in waking life, which gears the body up to confront a threatening situation. Yet the brain simultaneously signals the spinal cord to hold the body completely rigid. Science is still attempting to exactly determine what
physical function dreaming has for humans, but since the 1950's, researchers have made remarkable advances in the study of sleep and dreams.
"The cycles of sleep are a fairly new discovery, but in the years since researchers finally cracked the code of sleep, much has been learned about how the human body reacts when one dreams."
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To Dream or Not To Dream, 2001.
A paper discussing the "American Dream," and how it has been denied to certain people throughout history.
1,111 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 38.95
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Abstract
A paper discussing the "American Dream," and how it has been denied to certain people throughout history. The author relies on literary quotes to make the case that, in various points in American history, racism, poverty, and many other factors have conspired to deny the American Dream to groups of people.
From the Paper
"In the world today and throughout the past three centuries, millions of people have turned to America as the ?land of promise? where happiness is guaranteed and dreams are realized. The ?American dream? differs somewhat for all people but is built around the principles of being financially successful and having the opportunity to meet one?s goals in life. As this ideal has become more prevalent throughout the world, it has also become more elusive and difficult to obtain. This dream and guarantee that America supposedly offers is too often smothered by societal structure and philosophies, which impose limitations upon and create barriers against those seeking a better life; consequently, millions are left hopeless with their burning passion for life nearly extinguished."
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Understanding Descartes?s Dream Argument, 2005.
Examines Descartes's dream theory within the context of the idea that computers might think, dream, and be deceived by dreams.
1,956 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The ?dream argument? may have been a truly-lived expression of doubtfulness during Descartes's era. This paper notes why Descartes and his contemporaries may have been truly puzzled, given the state of scientific understanding at that time. Today, one cannot even get to the point in which proving or refuting Descartes?s dream argument would make any sense. One cannot simply lift the dream argument out of those circumstances and transplant it to our times. The paper shows that what may be appropriate is to look at computer technology today and ask whether computers can think, dream, and be deceived by their dreams.
From the Paper
"One can first begin with the question of whether computers can really play chess. Over thirty years ago it would have been very apparent that chess game software (and the corresponding hardware) had a challenging time competing with someone who was a decent chess player. When the question was asked over thirty years ago, it was possible to answer the question in the negative by way of showing the essential differences between how a human makes a move in chess versus how a computer performs the same operation."
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Dream Interpretation and Metaphysics, 2008.
A research paper to determine the impact of culture on dreams and dream interpretation.
8,893 words (approx. 35.6 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 185.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the role that archetypes play in the grief dreams of Americans with different cultural backgrounds, to determine what role, if any, culture plays in the dreamscape. The paper provides a literature review on grief dreams and studies the grief dreams of people from different cultures, including African-Americans, Vietnamese-Americans, Mexican-Americans and Indian-Americans. The paper describes the results that show that while cultural aspects may not change the basic content of grief dreams, it is clear that one's cultural orientation can certainly change how one views and interprets a grief dream and the archetypes present in such dreams.
Outline:
Chapter One: Introduction
Chapter Two: Review of Literature
Chapter Three: Methods
Chapter Four: Results
Chapter Five: Discussion
Chapter Six: Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper
"Every person dreams. Whether the dreamer remembers those dreams, or believes they drift into a dark see of absolute nothingness in sleep, the fact is that all people demonstrate the brain and eye activity that researchers know is associated with dreams. However, given that so many people fail to remember their dreams, it is clear that not all dreaming is memorable and productive. Even those dreamers who remember the majority of their dreams may find most of them to be insignificant and inconsequential. Likewise, even those people who find most of their dreams to be absolutely unmemorable occasionally have a dream that they believe reveals something significant. "
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American Dream, 2008.
A review about the "American Dream", a dream about financial freedom and independence.
1,484 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the "American Dream", the opportunity to achieve greater material prosperity than was possible in ones country of origin.
The paper discusses the fact that the notion of the 'American Dream' is now changing and explains why. The paper continues and relates that the new economy is changing the American dream. Money is still central to the American dream but independence and freedom are equally as important. The American dream is available to all: It is a model for an ideal society. The paper concludes that to preserve that ideal, America needs to promote social justice, income equity, and an economy based on creativity and innovation.
From the Paper
"Another problem with the state of the American Dream is that it has changed into the American Entitlement. A sense of entitlement undermines the American Dream because it reduces the importance of a solid work ethic. A solid work ethic can help stimulate creativity. Work ethic does not entail laboring for long hours in deplorable working conditions. A healthy work ethic means that Americans work hard because they love what they do and take pride in it. Warshauer shows how the "get rich quick" ideal has permeated American society, replacing what was once a healthy work ethic with an unhealthy arrogance. Liu also refers to what he has perceived to be a "culture of entitlement" in which individuals feel they deserve to be rich without having to work. The American Dream was never about winning the lottery."
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Lucid Dreaming, 2002.
A comprehensive examination of the dream state, an overview of lucid dreaming, and its relevance for psychologists and other clinicians today.
4,494 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
Lucid dreaming is a paradoxical mental state in which dreamers become aware that they are dreaming and, in some cases, deliberately take control of the dream action. This paper provides an overview of why humans sleep and dream, an examination of what lucid dreams are, and their relevance to psychologists and other clinicians today. A discussion of the potential adverse consequences identified by some critics is followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
Outline
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Why Do Humans Sleep and Dream Anyway?
What Are Lucid Dreams? Cheap Thrills or Divine Insight?
Learning How to Dream Lucidly
Relevance of Lucid Dreaming to Psychology
"Completely Risk-Free" or Not?
Improving Accessibility to Lucid Dreaming
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Because everyone dreams, it would seem easy enough to classify the experience as being "ordinary," and yet the dream experience itself can seem to be anything but "ordinary." Researchers have been investigating why animals sleep and have attempted to determine the biological role of dreams. Lucid dreaming means dreaming while knowing that you are dreaming. This consciousness allows people to guide their dreams and explore a potentially infinite number of possibilities. A staunch lucid dream advocate and researcher, Dr. Stephen LaBerge, even maintains that lucid dreaming may help people heal faster and enjoy other benefits, including aiding personal-development, enhancing self-confidence, overcoming nightmares, improving mental (and perhaps, physical) health, facilitating creative problem solving as well as providing "thrilling entertainment." In all fairness, it should be pointed out that LaBerge is also hawking DreamLights and other devices designed to help people learn how to dream lucidly at as much as $1,000 a pop -- and he has sold a lot of them."
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Theories of Dreaming, 2000.
This paper examines the various theories put forth in scientific journals surrounding dreaming. Special attention is paid to the dreams of children and the role of REM sleep with respect to dreaming.
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a wide range of theories involving dreaming, including the dreams of children, adolescents, and women. It also examines the differences in dream content with respect to age and gender, a behavioural perspective of dreaming, the rhetorical theory of dreaming, the causes and effects of post-traumatic nightmares, and a theory of dreaming as an experience of consciousness.
From the Paper
"In children, the REM stage goes from about fifty percent of total sleep in infants, to twenty five percent in two and three year olds, and down to around eighteen percent in older Dreaming 3 children and adolescents. Jean Piaget described three stages in children?s understanding of their own dreams. In Piaget?s theory, the first stage occurs around the age of five or six. These children are only able to interpret their dreams as something external to themselves and as being insignificant. Stage two, which begins around the age of seven or eight, has the children viewing their dreams as coming from the inside but they still view them as things happening around them, in their bedroom as they sleep. Stage three begins around the age of eight or nine and during this stage, children experience their dreams as a reflection of their innermost thoughts and feelings."
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Dreams, 1987.
Clinical significance from Freudian & non-Freudian perspectives. Examines wish fulfillment, individual interpretations, human v. animal dreams, recurring dreams and group therapeutic approach.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 14 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
" The purpose of this research is to examine the literature related to dream states as revelatory of unconscious activities. To this end, the paper provides a review of Freudian notions of dream analysis and interpretation; challenges to these notions are then examined. These challenges include the writings of people such as Carl Jung and R. D. Cartwright. There is also a brief discussion of the relatedness of dreams to physical states such as brain activity states and bodily illness.
The first theorist to formulate a comprehensive and scientific theory of dreaming was Sigmund Freud (Mattoon, 1978). He was also the first to integrate dream theory into a theory or personality. Freud initially hypothesized the dream to be a (...)"
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Dreams, 1992.
Examines dream interpretation, Freud's wrong theory and two types of dreaming, discussing the differences between male/female dreaming, effects of stress, dream meanings and nightmares.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"Ancient man looked upon dreams as divine prophecies. Alexander the Great was just about ready to give up on his siege of the stubborn city of Tyre. One night, he dreamed of a dancing satyr. Aristander, the dream interpreter traveling with the army, told Alexander his dream foretold the conquest of Tyre. Aristander figured out the dream by splitting the word "Satyros" into the two words "Sa Turos".-Greek for "Thine is Tyre.". Alexander, fortified by the interpretation, attacked and conquered the city.
Dream interpretation continued to be practiced and highly esteemed throughout history. But somewhere along the way, this became disreputable, an undertaking for the superstitious. By the time of Freud, dream interpretation hit an all.time low. At the beginning of this century Freud tried to revive the old idea, but ..."
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August Strindberg and Dreams, 2002.
Examines the use of dreams in August Strindberg's plays, "A Dream Play" and "The Ghost Sonata".
1,198 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how August Strindberg makes use of the form of the dream in the plays "A Dream Play" and "The Ghost Sonata," with varied results. "A Dream Play" was written in 1901, and "The Ghost Sonata" in 1907. The paper shows how the structure of both plays is dreamlike and the characters experience the world as if in a dream. The subject matter of the plays, though, is life itself, with a strong religious and moral tone.
From the Paper
"Much of the dialogue also makes the action of the play seem dreamlike, for though the dialogue could be taken as metaphorical, it has the tone of something surrealistic when the daughter says that the "castle keeps on growing up out of the earth" (Strindberg, "A Dream Play" 199). The action as well has a surrealistic quality, as when the daughter of Indra goes on her dream journey to the opera house, where a mystical door opens to show the four learned representatives of different faculties busily arguing over their disciplines and the great problems of human knowledge. This leads to the great fire that consumes the castle, followed by a wall of questioning human faces as the roof turns into a giant chrysanthemum. Such transformations are of the sort that occur in a dream, carrying symbolic meaning on a deep level."
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Dreams and Western Philosophy, 2005.
This paper discusses that, until recently, Western philosophy tended to look at dreams negatively as a source of confusion and as a way of determining a person?s character.
3,195 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although Western philosophy emphasized the irrationality of dreams and the dreaming state, Socrates and Aristotle investigated the thought that the dream was a possible indicator of a person?s character. The author points out that this investigative of dreams came to an abrupt halt with Descartes, and not until Jean-Paul Sartre?s ?The Psychology of Imagination? did dreams became an extended topic for philosophical inquiry. The paper relates that an existential psychoanalytic approach to dreams can be seen in Ludwig Binswanger?s essay, ?Dream and Existence? (1930), Michel Foucault?s ?Dream, Imagination, and Existence? (1954), and in Federico Fellini?s dream sequence and interpretation in his film, ?8 ??.
From the Paper
"These early thoughts on dreams have a certain charm in their quaintness and naivet?, and they were tentative attempts at trying to connect the dream state with the awake state. But if the dream had any notion of entering into center stage at any time beyond this period of philosophical antiquity, Descartes rudely gave the dream the hook and pulled it away from the wings and out the exit door. Never mind how the dream state connects with the awake state and how we can come to understand our daily lives. When Descartes contrasted the waking life with the dream state, he talked about the dream as a negative example to advance his theory of rational evidence, the role of sense perception, and the sensory resources available in the waking life."
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Studs Terkel's "American Dreams: Lost and Found", 2005.
This paper discusses the book "American Dreams: Lost and Found" by Studs Terkel, which features a number of American dreamers telling their version of the American dream.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in Studs Terkel's "American Dreams: Lost and Found", the truth about the concept of the "American Dream" is that there is no single concept of this dream because it means different things to different people depending on their race, location, creed and lifestyle. The author reviews various dreams from individuals featured in this book including Miss America Emma Knight, who, through her public speaking, attempted to benefit society and the environment by addressing issues of pollution and the effects of mass consumerism but found that politicians did not want to hear about their mistakes. The paper concludes that the American Dream entails not necessarily money but rather a wish to reach the best level of achievement in any area in which one chooses to focus.
From the Paper
"Some of the dreams featured in Terkel's work do indeed seem grand in terms of money and material success. Ted Turner for example used his drive and individuality to launch CNN; Arnold Schwarzenegger went from impoverished conditions to an international superstar; Wallace Rasmussen, son of a Danish immigrant worked himself up from poverty to a multi-million dollar business CEO and chairman. These dreams also seem to stem from a childhood of poverty and want. However, this is not where the dream ends. Many who have made a great deal of money do not entertained the short-term views criticized by Emma Knight."
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