| Papers [1-9] of 9 | Search results on "REPTILE SYSTEMS": |
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Reptile Systems, 2005.
This paper discusses the nervous and digestive systems of reptiles.
905 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the nervous and digestive systems of reptiles, emphasizing their main characteristics and briefly compare them to the nervous and digestive systems at other vertebrates including humans. The author points out that the anatomical characteristics of the reptile's nervous system, such as the position of the brain or the spinal cord, resemble closely those of the human and higher vertebrates; the reptilian nervous system has developed to provide the best adaptation of the reptiles' necessities, with emphasis on sight, smell and motor functions. The paper relates that birds and reptiles are the only vertebrates to have the cloacae chamber, the removal system of the body, is where the faeces is discharged; the urodaeum receives the urogenital tract ducts and the proctodaeum acts as a common collecting area prior to evacuation.
From the Paper
"As such, the reptilian nervous system is formed of two different components: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system is composed of all nervous tissues and structures that do not actually belong to the CNS. As at other vertebrates, the brain, constituent part of the central nervous system, is protected by the skull. The bones forming the skull similarly have names such as parietal and occipital, which also form the human skull, for example."
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Reptile Nightmares, 2008.
An analysis of Clotaire Rapaille's theory that human's have a reptilian instinct.
979 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Clotaire Rapaille, who believes that people instinctively desire large objects because of a reptilian instinct and how the bigger the object, the more appealing it is to humans. The paper also looks at how critics have described Rapaille's theory as fanatical and rash.
From the Paper
"Rapaille knows at times he can be irrational and completely ignores statistics. He performs studies of people for his instinct theory, and from his own results claims them to be true. His discoveries should not be taken seriously due to his biased ways he himself is aware of. When Rapaille does his studies, he only looks at the results that are in favor to his theory. Knowing that he has much to lose if his theories are wrong, including his job, his discoveries are always in his favor. Rapaille would be digging his own grave if he proved his theory was incorrect. Genuine scientists do not overlook and falsify their outcome in experiments; he or she accepts their analyzed evidence and moves on to another theory."
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Phylum Chordata, 2003.
A look at evolutionary trends in phylum chordata (sea squirts and vertebrate animals).
3,467 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an explanation of the evolutionary development of the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, sensory, and integumentary systems of phylum chordata. Comparisons between the systems various classes of phylum chordata are made, and the evolutionary advantages of the higher classes are highlighted. The paper is also accompanied with relevant diagrams and figures.
Outline:
Circulatory System
Evolution of the Heart
Piscine Heart
Amphibian and Reptilian Hearts
Avian and Mammalian Hearts
Respiratory System
Respiration in Agnatha and Chondrichthyes (Gills)
Respiration in Osteichthyes (Gills)
Respiration in Amphibians (Gills, Skin, Lungs)
Respiration in Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals (Lungs)
Digestive System
General Trends in Evolution of the Digestive System
Ruminant Stomach
Avian Gizzard
Sensory System
Usage of Olfactory System and Usage of Visual System
Prevertebrates: An Introduction
Anamniotes
Amniotes
Integumentary System
Anamniotes
Amniotes
From the Paper
"One of the most fascinating developments made by the vertebrates was the heart. The complex and efficient four-chambered pumping mechanism possessed by mammals and birds evolved from what was only a muscular artery in protochordates. The heart itself is a specialized muscle responsible for circulating blood through the blood-vascular network. Marine protochordates possessed little more than a muscular region near the base of the aorta because, virtually anywhere on their bodies, they were capable of exchanging O2 and CO2 through their relatively thin skin. When scales and thicker skin emerged, however, this capability was lost, and respiration was localized in the pharyngeal region. An effective pumping device was required, and thus, the heart evolved."
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The Ichthyosaurs, 2005.
This paper discusses the evolution of the Ichthyosaurs, one of the most diverse orders of extinct marine reptiles.
2,085 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Ichthyosaurs had a unique path of evolution traveling from lizard-like creatures frolicking along the coastal edge to reptiles swimming in the ocean's depths, including their development of fins from feet. The author points out that the Ichthyosaurs inhabited the Mesozoic ocean, appearing approximately 20 million years prior to dinosaurs, around 250 million years ago and became extinct earlier, approximately 90 million years ago. The paper relates that the Ichthyosaurs seemed well-adapted to their environment, which allowed them to survive for approximately 155 million years, yet why ichthyosaurs became extinct is still uncertain.
Table of Contents
Overview of Ichthyosaurus
Ichthyosaurs Fin Evolution
Ichthyosaurs Eyes
Ichthyosaurs Vertebrae Evolution
Ichthyosaurs Swimming Evolution
Ichthyosaurs as Predecessors to Birds
Live Bearing Ichthyosaurs
Extinction of Ichthyosaurs
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Ichthyosaur fossils found near Holzmaden, Germany support this theory. A number of complete fossils were found in a quarry, in this southern part of Germany. Of these fossils, a large percentage was either babies or mothers carrying their young. In fact, it is estimated that approximately 10 percent of the females found in this deposit had fossilized embryos preserved inside of them. It's possible that some act of nature, rather than an instinctual return to a breeding or birthing ground, was the cause for this phenomenon. Waves or currents can sometimes wash bones into a small area, giving the deposit a denser than natural appearance. However, the Holzmaden fossils are preserved in perfect formation, which leads to the assumption that they were not moved."
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The Snake in Roman Religion, 1993.
Examines the role of reptiles in ancient Roman culture, literature, mythology, paganism, focusing on Virgil's "Aeneid".
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to view the relationship of the snake as an element of ancient Roman religion and, as such, the influence which it may have exerted upon Virgil's composition of the Aeneid. The research will briefly look at the pervasive presence of the snake, and its alternative forms, throughout the narrative of the Aeneid. Following this will be a presentation of the nature of ancient Roman religion and how the snake was viewed in antiquity. Finally, the Aeneid will be explored for any synthesis of the religious aspect of the snake as a literary device. Linear references to the Aeneid by this writer will be based upon the translation by Robert Fitzgerald (New York: Vintage Books, 1983), and for that reason are distinguished from linear references cited by others using different (i.e., earlier) translations."
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Snakes, 2004.
An examination of the reptiles, snakes, and the important role they play in the ecosystem.
1,328 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a brief introduction to the history of snakes. The paper examines their senses, feeding behaviour, reproduction, behaviour, color, and markings. The paper contends that, in the last decade, people have become more interested in the study, the ecology, and behavior of snakes in their natural habitats. Pictures are featured in the paper to illustrate the various facts discussed.
From the Paper
"Snakes are the members of the class Reptilia, the reptiles. They are the most recently evolved group of reptiles. Snakes first appeared during the early Cretaccous period 120 million years ago. This was towards the end of the Mesozoic era, the 'Age of the Reptiles.' Although fossil records of them are rather thin on the ground, it is generally believed that they arose from a line of lizards or lizard-like animals, which adopted a subterranean life-style. In order to burrow more effectively these animals lost their limbs and grew a transparent covering, the brille, to protect their eyes in place of movable eyelids. At, present, the oldest fossil snake was found in Argentina, South America."
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Lifestyle of the Ichthyosaur, 2004.
An examination of the lifestyle of the ichthyosaur.
3,789 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the habits and characteristics of the ichthyosaur, which is a family of marine reptiles that existed during the same era as the dinosaurs. The paper looks at the lifestyle of the species and focuses on various extinction theories.
Introduction
Well-Adapted to Ocean Life
Diet
Reproduction
Locomotion
Deep Divers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Ichthyosaur fossils were discovered in the late nineteenth century, before the first dinosaur fossils were discovered, and received little acclaim. It wasn?t until the recent discovery a few years ago of a small amount of new specimens in Japan and China that a wider interest in ichthyosaurs? was revived. The ichthyosaur is a fish-shaped tetrapod of the diapsid family. Tetrapod means four-limbed vertebrate. Diapsids are classified as having two openings in the skull and is a classification that encompasses reptiles and birds. There is much fossil evidence to support the conclusion that ichthyosaurs were descended from terrestrial, or land-dwelling, reptiles. One such example is that Ichthyosaurs were air-breathers like cetaceans."
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The Evolution and Distribution of the Crocodile, 2008.
This paper explores the adaptive and biological alterations of the crocodile species over millions of years and analyzes its prehistoric, historic and recent distribution patterns.
2,445 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that crocodiles, which are now cold-blooded reptiles that seek water, were once, during their earliest prehistoric days, warm-blooded creatures that walked on land. The author points out that this transformation is observable in changes in the Crocodilian body over time. The paper relates that it is not known why crocodiles grew to accommodate to a water-based environment, but their adaptations helped them survive the Ice Age. The author states that, having once dominated both arid and water regions, today, crocodiles gravitate toward regions, which provide access to water; however, warming global climate conditions and human interference have reduced their numbers to dangerous levels. The paper relates that several small communities of crocodiles living on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert in Africa may be a sign of things to come.
Table of Contents:
Outline
Introduction
The Developmental History of Crocodiles
Motivators for Adaptation
Distribution Over the Ages
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The reason for near-extinction of the Florida Crocodile, the Cuban Crocodile and other Crocodilian species is typically owing to environmental and climate changes (i.e. loss of ample wetlands) and loss of habitat due to human development. In Florida in particular, the building of human homes on areas which were once crocodile habitats have affected the nesting range and distribution of crocodiles. True to their modern adaptations and features, crocodiles gravitate towards the remaining wet, swampy regions. However, awareness of their vulnerability has lead to recent conservations acts that have been mostly successful."
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Green Sea Turtles, 2007.
This paper looks at the endangered species of Green Sea Turtles.
2,116 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Green Sea Turtles are an endangered species of reptiles, with humans as the prime factor in their decline. The paper shows how Green Sea Turtles are of great environmental value; they play key roles in at least two ecosystems and are invaluable to humans. The paper relates that in the Southeast United States, major attempts to save Green Sea Turtles are made. People are trying hard to ensure nesting areas for turtles and incidental mortality has been significantly reduced. The paper comments, however, that there is still more that could be done.
From the Paper
"Green Sea Turtles are, just as the majority of modern reptiles, cold-blooded (their body temperature is not constant, it depends on the environment) animals, covered in a bony shell that protects them from being attacked by predators. This shell covers both the belly and the back of the turtles (the ventral and dorsal parts), as they are known to be slow-moving animals with no other defense system."
"Although sea turtles basically have to crawl their heavy bodies on land, they are rapid swimmers - their front and rear limbs have developed into flippers, allowing them to cover up to 35 mph underwater; also, their shells are lighter and streamlined then the ones of land turtles, and more aero dynamical."
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