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Representative Democracy in the U.S., 2002.
This paper evaluates the representativeness of the American political process, as set forth by the Founding Fathers in the Declaration of Independence during the current international situation.
1,675 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains representative democracy, in which voters elect their representatives to act in their interest, is distinguished from direct democracy, in which the people are directly involved in decision making of the government. The paper cites examples from the structural, political, and governmental level institutions and examines a few contemporary policy issues to evaluate the current ?representative? the U.S. system. The author believes that the democracy being currently practiced in the U.S. is not as representative as most of us would like it to be even given the current situation.
Table of Contents
The Governmental Level
The Electoral College
The U.S. Senate
The Supreme Court
Political Linkages Level
Independent & Free Media
Interest and Lobby Groups
Structural Level
Economy
The Society
Policy Issues/ Debates
The Impending Iraq War
Guantanamo Bay Prisoners
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Taliban and Al-Qaeda prisoners kept in the Guantanamo Bay prison camps without trial, charges or the opportunity of defense for indefinite periods is another policy issue that runs counter to the American traditions of democracy and human rights. It may be true that some (or even most of the prisoners are evil terrorists who deserve no sympathy). This still does not justify a policy of being declared guilty without a trial. It is even reported that some of the prisoners may have been handed over to the American authorities by Afghan warlords due to their personal enmities or in order to win rewards?practices that are not unknown in that part of the world. Continued detention of these prisoners without trial (or being declared prisoners of war as demanded by the Amnesty International) does not put a favorable light on American representative democracy."
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Democracy in the U.S. and Scotland, 2004.
A comparative analysis of the United States and Scotland?s government structures.
1,773 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how different countries with widely disparate forms of government all lay claim to being democracies. It discusses how many European parliamentary-style governments, for example, call themselves democracies and how, in contrast, more centralized, presidential governments claim to be democracies, as well. It analyzes these two different models by exploring the governmental structures of both the U.S. and of Scotland. It shows how both countries have democratic forms of government, which are premised on duly elected bodies acting as representatives of the interests of their constituencies. It also shows how the two countries differ in the way this representation is best made.
From the Paper
"Scottish history dates back to 1034, with the welding together of Scots, Britons, Picts and Angles into a single Scottish kingdom. Throughout the next centuries, however, Scotland would have to fend off constant attempts at invasion from attackers such as the William the Lion in 1165 and Edward I in 1290. In 1297, William Wallace initiates the first Scottish rebellion against the English. By 1320, the Scots proclaim their independence in the Declaration of Abroath. The first Scottish parliament is convened in 1326, and England eventually recognizes Scotland?s independence in 1328. Despite the recognition of independence, wars continued over the next centuries. By 1707, the Act of Union merges England and Scotland into the United Kingdom."
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Representative Democracy, 2004.
Provides an historical look at representative democracies.
1,174 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This essay takes a look at some of the successful attempts and failed attempts at representative democracy. Russia and Germany are cited as failures in representative democracies, while the U.S. is cited as a representative democracy that has experienced limited success.
From the Paper
"In the news we are told that Iran is preparing for what they call free elections for their representative government. However, a group of governmental overseers, religious leaders, have to approve all candidates. This year, a large number of candidates, many of whom are currently elected by their constituents, will not be allowed to run for office because their views fall too far outside what the ruling powers find acceptable. No one living in a country that truly allows free speech would consider this governmental form a democracy, because to truly participate in government, the people represented by the government must be able to speak about what they think needs to be changed as well as what they like. The greatest strength a representative democratic government can have is the free speech for its constituents."
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Representative Democracy, 2008.
This paper explores whether democratic representatives truly represent their voters.
928 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper defines representative democracy as having representatives that will act in accordance with the needs of the people or different groups. The writer discusses different forms of representation and disagrees with majority-minority districts, believing it is more important to have representatives who represent different classes of people. The paper explains that, whether due to their conscience, their opinion on a topic, or because they feel the decision is wrong for the people, not all representatives act in accordance with the needs of the people or the groups that they represent.
From the Paper
"Does a representative have to share the demographic characteristics of the majority of the constituency? While most people might believe they do, the fact is that they do not. A representative of the people "may" vote differently than what the people want nor does the representative have to vote the way the people want if they believe it is not in the best interest of the people. Representatives may claim to be on the side of the people and even agree with different groups that represent the people, but they may choose not to vote the way the public believes they will vote. Madison tells how representatives often betray the people by voting the way they believe is right or in their own interest, they "pretend to be champions for the right and the capacity to choose their own rulers, yet maintain that they will prefer those only who will immediately and infallibly betray the trust committed to them" (321)."
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Democracy and the U.S. Constitution: A Discussion of the Successes and Failures of the Founding Fathers in making an Obtainable Democracy, 2000.
After discussing the successes and failures of the founding fathers, the author of the paper concludes that they mostly did a good job, but disputes that America now has a pure democracy.
1,360 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 45.95
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From the Paper
" A perfect democracy would be a democracy where everyone- the poor, the rich, the weak, the strong- get to have a say in what the government does. Wherein the supreme power ultimately rests with the people. However, this is not reality. Instead, representative democracy can be defined in two ways: the responsible model and the popular model. In the popular model, ordinary people have a great deal of freedom and ability to participate actively in government. In this type, elections express the popular will and determine policies. Examples of this model include the House of Representatives, the Virginia Plan, and citizen initiatives. In the responsible model, citizens play a more passive role. Government officials have a great deal of freedom to act on the behalf of the country as a whole. Elections here, grant popular consent and determine leaders. Examples of this model are the Senate, the New Jersey Plan, and the Supreme Court. Although the people of the United States live in a democracy that has both popular and responsible elements, democracy here has always been more denoted by the popular model. "
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The U.S. Government, 2006.
This in-depth paper examines the various branches of the U.S. government while also analyzing the Bill of Rights and the U.S. Constitution.
4,327 words (approx. 17.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper explores the term democracy, while focusing on the general makeup of the U.S. government. The writer contends that democracy is a government by the people, for the people, run directly by them or through their duly elected representatives. This paper details the history of the American voting system, which is a key activity of a modern democracy. The writer of this paper discusses and cites various portions of the the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights, which establishes the legislative branch of the government. This paper examines the historic events that led to the 1776 War of Independence between America and Britain. This paper briefly discusses the current political climate in America, while also supplying a brief overview of the democratic and republican platforms.
From the Paper
"The downward trend of less party affiliation and less party voting proceeded from the simple argument that one did not need to be a Republican or a Democrat to pave a road. Those who favor nonpartisan elections claim that the job of a member of the city council is not to debate on national issues but to maintain the neighborhood part, keep it clean and fix occasional potholes and these functions do not need partisan solutions. Nonpartisan election was a reform introduced by the Progressive Party at the turn of the 20th century. The Progressive Party wanted city governments to respond more to community needs and less to self-interested party manipulation. Non-partisan elections would remove party influence from the race; allow candidates who do not need to adjust their ideas to the approval of parties to run; and compel voters to search out more information on a candidate. Advocates say that a more active and informed citizenry would increase voter turnout."
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The U.S. Trade Embargo with Cuba, 2007.
This paper discusses the present U.S. trade embargo with Cuba and its economic implications.
1,551 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the history of U.S.-Cuba relations. The paper examines the reasons behind the United States' trade embargo with Cuba and explores the economic impact of lifting this embargo. The paper discusses the economic benefits and opportunities for commercial enterprises that would arise from lifting the embargo, but also notes potential threats to American businesses. The paper discusses how Fidel Castro's ailing health of recent months has led to speculations concerning the future of Cuba and renewed debates concerning the U.S. trade embargo against this tiny island.
Outline:
Introduction
The Cuba Democracy Act
Impact of Lifting U.S. Embargo
Opportunities for Commercial Enterprise
Potential Threats to American Businesses
Reasons for U.S. Embargo
Total Impact on the U.S. Economy
Navajo Nation Signed Trading Deal with Cuba
Impact of Fidel Castro's Illness
From the Paper
"Fidel Castro has ruled Cuba through ten U.S. presidents. He took power in 1959, at the height of the Cold War, while Dwight D. Eisenhower was still in office. Although initially, he declared he was not a Communist, by the fall of 1960, thousands of Cubans were fleeing their homeland, for the reality was that Castro was establishing a Communist dictatorship (Montagne). Three months after taking office, John F. Kennedy authorized a covert invasion aimed at overthrowing Castro regime. However, it failed and was condemned by governments worldwide. This invasion basically gave Castro an excuse to allow Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev to place nuclear missiles in Cuba, aimed at the United States (Montagne)."
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U.S. Power Structure, 1994.
This paper examines interest groups, electoral process, media, political parties and public opinion as elements of the U.S. pluralist democracy power structure.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Under any system of government, the question arises as to whether that particular system is effective in representing the ideologies and desires of the people it is supposed to govern, or whether it is a system which exploits the many in favor of the few. This essay proposes that the American political system (i.e., its power structure) of today affords an example of a just and representative democracy.
There are five main areas that affect the power structure of the United States government today: interest groups, the election process, the media, political parties, and public opinion. These various institutions of government affect the power structure, but they also have either a direct or indirect impact on justice in the United States. Examples of how these various aspects affect power in the United States will be given with an analysis ... "
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Democracy in the U.S., 1992.
Argues that the U.S. is not democratic, but an elitist society run by the rich and discusses corporate and political power, plutocracy, conservatism, liberalism and socialism.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"Democracy has been an important value for the American people since the founding of the nation in the late eighteenth century. However, analysis shows that the United States is not truly democratic. Rather, it is an elitist society run by the rich. In this respect, the United States should be called a plutocracy, or government by the wealthy.
The idea that the rich run America has been encompassed in the elite theory of society. Prior to the 1960's, many people accepted the elite theory as a model for American politics. However, after the Vietnam War, some writers began claiming that the elite system had died out in the United States. According to this argument, the Vietnam War was a last-ditch effort by the elite to gain control over the world. When this effort proved to be fruitless, the elite as a whole supposedly "committed suicide"..."
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U.S.-China Relations, 1999.
Examines China's policies on trade, sovereignty over Hong Kong and Taiwan. Discusses Pro-Democracy movement and recommends that the U.S. policies are based on American national interest.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 24 sources, $ 111.95
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Abstract
This research reviews issues related to the development and application of United States (US) foreign policy toward the People?s Republic of China (PRC). The objective of this review is to answer the question: Should the United States Pressure China politically to change its state behavior?
From the Paper
"SHOULD THE UNITED STATES PRESSURE CHINA POLITICALLY? A POSITION PAPER
Introduction
This research reviews issues related to the development and application of United States (US) foreign policy toward the People?s Republic of China (PRC). The objective of this review is to answer the question: Should the United States Pressure China politically to change its state behavior? The position of this writer is that the US should pressure the PRC on issues whose impacts clearly affect American national interests, but that the US should not attempt to pressure the PRC on issues that are primarily domestic in character.
Many issues are the subjects of dispute between the US and ..."
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U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East Since 1991, 2006.
A critical look at the changing U.S. policy in the Middle East since 1991.
3,419 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author takes a critical look at the changing U.S. policy in the Middle East since 1991. He examines how prior to 1991, American policy was aimed primarily at using some countries led by Israel as a bulwark against communism in the Cold War years. He highlights that with the end of a bipolar world there was a radical shift in American policy towards the Middle East. The paper examines how this was brought about by the threat America saw to its most vital interest -oil in the region as a result of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait; at the same time, with the sudden demise of the hitherto counterbalancing factor, the Soviet Union, the stage was set for a decisive policy. In conclusion, the author argues that the American policy of planting democracy in societies that do not have the necessary preconditions and institutional frameworks of accepting and absorbing the system could mean risking backlashes and other actions.
From the Paper
"In the absence of the Soviet factor, American policy in the Middle East has become more intrusive; American policy could have a positive impact if its moves towards establishing its policy are perceived as being salutary. A prime test case of this policy is the way its role is seen in the Israeli-Palestine issue. (Cantori, 1994, p. 452) The immediate years after the Gulf War led to a hyperactive engagement in the region under president Bill Clinton, for whom resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict was a principal goal. In his presidency, America assumed the role of an 'honest broker' in bringing about a peaceful settlement of issues bedevilling the region. However, before substantial headway was made, a new regime took guard under Bush Jr., under whom the same vigour was not enforced. American interventionism, which became low-key under the new dispensation, has led to suspicion in Arab quarters that America, with its uncompromising tilt towards Israel, has not been the 'honest broker' that it promised to be."
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U.S Foreign Policy, 2001.
A history of modern foreign policy.
2,750 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 14 sources, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the different policies of the Bush Jr and Clinton administrations in the use of U.S armed forces overseas. Clinton?s World Police humanitarianism are compared to Bush?s ?power relations and great-power politics.? The paper continues with a discussion on the void created by the downfall of communism and its current lack of purpose, the history of international affairs and the CIA, Bin Laden and Afghanistan and the U.S?s role in funding their arms. A similar story is told for Iraq, including U.S violations of the UN charter. Contains segments of policy inconsistencies and future foreign policy.
From the paper:
?Still, even as the Administration puts forth a realist view, they also spout idealist propaganda. This is, in part, to appease the American public in the ideal that the U.S. stands for individual rights, capitalism and the pursuit of happiness. However, the ideal is just that: a concept of perfection in the most general sense. The ideals of democracy and prosperity already exist for Americans; they are not so concerned with the rest of the world.[i] This has not always been the case: the purpose of the 40-some year Cold War was to check the expansion of communism, a purpose that Americans agreed was a necessity. Now that we are the sole remaining super power, Americans are not sure where to go with its privilege. After all, ?lacking purpose, power does not exist.??
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The U.S. and the Korean War, 2007.
This paper explores the role of the United States in the current Korean conflict.
864 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Korean War that divided a once single nation into North and South Korea. The paper shows how the United States has been one of the raison d'etre for the Korean War; the U.S. saw the Soviet Union's expansion in the Asian continent as a threat to its sphere of democracy. The paper discusses how as the world entered the 21st century, the United States continued its involvement in the Korean peninsula, albeit as a broker for peace and reunification initiatives. The paper concludes that despite all the United States' reunification efforts, the two Koreas are still a long way off from actually coming to terms with reunification.
From the Paper
"Never in the history of mankind have we seen a conflict that lasted for over half a century. A conflict that started with a full-scale warfare and continued with skirmishes and psychological warfare, the Korean War divided a once single nation into North and South Korea. "On June 25, 1950, fighting broke out between North Korea and South Korea along the 38th parallel. The South Koreans were quickly overrun and sought help from the United Nations (UN). By October, UN forces had advanced as far north as the Yalu River, which forms Korea's border with China. China then entered the war on the side of North Korea and forced a retreat of UN troops back toward the 38th parallel. An armistice line was formed July 27, 1953, north of the 38th parallel along the battle line. (Microsoft Corp., 2006)" "
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"Democracy?s Discontent" vs. "Democracy in America", 2003.
A comparison of Alexis de Tocqueville's "Democracy in America" and Michael J. Sandel's "Democracy?s Discontent".
3,845 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Alexis de Tocqueville in "Democracy in America" and Michael J. Sandel in "Democracy?s Discontent" both address issues of democracy, freedom, the role of government, and the good citizen. It looks at how their viewpoints differ because they write at different times of history. De Tocqueville writes at a time when democracy is a novel ideal. Aristocracy has been the main form of government, and this, therefore, plays a major role in his writing. Sandel, on the other hand, deals with contemporary issues such as the global community and the implications of new technology and diminishing boundaries among people.
From the Paper
"De Tocqueville stresses the importance of civil equality in the achievement of true democracy. This equality implies the lack of divisions and barriers between social classes. This is the equality that he sees in American culture as opposed to European culture that still subscribes to the aristocratic means of government. The democratic ideal implies more freedom than would be possible with an aristocratic government: ?Let us suppose that all the people take a part in the government, and that each one of them has an equal right to take a part in it. As no one is different from his fellows, none can exercise a tyrannical power; men will be perfectly free because they are all entirely equal??(De Tocqueville, Book II, Chapter I)."
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U.S. Democracy and Elections, 2005.
This paper discusses the U.S. election system.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses the U.S. election system. The writer argues that the election system is mostly corrupted by partisanship and money.
From the Paper
"Democracy is a form of government that substitutes election by the incompetent many for appointment by the corrupt few. For generations, American politicians, media and high school social studies teachers have trumpeted our form of government as the epitome of democracy. Words like freedom, democracy and liberty have been thrown like a blizzard of self-righteous spears at any other countries' methods of governance that diverge from ours, particularly those societies who fail to reflexively add and the ... "
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