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Mandatory Reporting of Child Abuse, 2006.
Examines policies, procedures and state laws on mandatory reporting and how they impact teachers in the classroom.
6,411 words (approx. 25.6 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 148.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the policies, procedures and state laws that are concerned with the mandatory reporting of child abuse by certain mandated reporters such as teachers, social workers, therapists and other state departmental workers; all of which are designated by law to be mandated reporters. This paper focuses on teachers as mandated reporters and how this legal provision might impact their performance in the classroom, how it might influence the way they interact with the children in their class and the parents of these children and finally any barriers to reporting child abuse that might be noted by teachers, which could reduce the effectiveness of the mandated reporting system. The paper provides a brief look at how child abuse can affect the behavior and learning abilities of the child and a review of the basic wording of the mandated reporting law, as well as a few state variations on the federal law. It then provides a literature review to try and determine the impact that the mandated reporting law might have on teachers, including any barriers to mandated reporting experienced by teachers. The paper is supported by journal references written between 2000 and 2005.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Child Abuse - a Snapshot of the American Problem
Polices and Procedures for Mandated Reporting of Child Abuse by Teachers
Procedures for Making a Report
Indicators of Child Abuse or Maltreatment
Training Methods Required by Teachers
Barriers to Effective and Accurate Mandated Reporting by Teachers
What Teachers should Expect after Filing a Report about a Maltreated Child
Literature Review
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Rebecca Bolen (2003) also supported the notion that schools could and should provide the best environment for helping to address issues surrounding child sex abuse, and increasing awareness of how the problem can be reduced, and how victims can be helped by resources in the community. Bolen describes that the prevention programs in place at many schools today include three objectives - firstly to teach children about the concept of sexual abuse including teaching on what is known as "bad" touching in private places; secondly children are taught about how they can refuse to be touched in such a manner and what methods they should use to "get away" and "tell on" the person and finally helping these children to tell an adult that they trust about the incident, so that this person won't prey on other children."
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Logical Fallacies in Business Reporting, 2004.
Discusses three types of logical fallacies in business reporting from a critical thinking perspective.
1,383 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
Although the reporting of facts and figures is often thought of as an objective science, quite frequently even business reporting is characterized by logical fallacies, including but not limited to, appeals to ignorance, hasty generalizations, and ad hominem attacks. This paper argues that these logical fallacies are particularly common and pernicious in business reporting because of the frequently technically complex nature of the subject matter in regards to facts and figures, combined with the emotional texture of business reporting that involves the fabric and texture of individual lives. The paper shows that reporters wish to attract attention and render complexities comprehensible, but frequently fall into logically fallacious traps to accomplish these objectives. The paper provides examples from business reports to elaborate on the ideas.
From the Paper
"This is particularly important to remember when reading the business section about distasteful individuals, because it is tempting to assume, when hearing about past dirty dealings, to either discount all of the information brought up by the person, because of the past character of the potential economic criminal, or to assume that he or she knew everything about the dark corporate dealings at the company. Even the lack of evidence is made to sound dark in the above-cited article?s rhetoric: ?Considering that he was the driving force behind Enron's growth, the micromanaging former CEO did an amazing job of distancing himself from its decline. He stopped selling stock four months before Enron collapsed?and left the company entirely two months beforehand. He rarely used e-mail. His signature is conspicuously, and uncharacteristically, absent from the approval sheets for some of Fastow's most controversial deals.? (?Who Will Fastow implicate?? January 19, 2004, Business Week Online retrieved on January 19, 2004 at http://www.aol.businessweek.com/bwdaily/index.html#top) The ad hominem attack is generally used as a kind of intellectual shorthand, equating man with message, rather than trying to understand the business at hand."
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The Role Teachers Play in Child Abuse Reporting, 2008.
A case study analysis of David Pelzer's life, as described in his book, "A Child Called "It"" and a discussion of the laws regarding the reporting of child abuse by teachers.
1,044 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role that teachers should play in the reporting of suspected child abuse. It describes the law regarding the reporting of child abuse in the United States and provides a case example from David Pelzer's life, as described in his book, "A Child Called "It"." The writer suggests that David only lived because a teacher reported his abuse and concludes that if she is ever am in a situation where I am faced with the question to report or not to report-my answer is very clear.
From the Paper
"In contemplating those examples one can see that it is not as easy as it sounds to "do the right thing." Sometimes we cannot be sure what is ultimately best for the child and that is what everyone is trying to accomplish. For 3 elementary school teachers in Atlanta the choice was not theirs to make. The 3 instructors were arrested in connection with failure to report suspicions of child abuse. The worst part of this story is that none of the teachers had even suspected abuse and further investigations by the Fulton County Department of Family and Children Services have failed to substantiate the allegations of child abuse and no charges have been filed (Carmody, 1989). Ultimately, there are 3 school teachers that did not suspect abuse, were arrested for not reporting it and then find out that the child was probably not abused in the first place. To revert back to my earlier statement, there could have been a history of abuse there and it was overlooked, now that they have investigated and found nothing, that child could be in for even more abuse and no one to turn to for help."
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Government Reporting Model in Canada, 2002.
An overview of the importance and benefits of the Canadian Government reporting model.
4,900 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 13 sources, $ 178.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the Government reporting model in Canada. Financial reporting is a must for the Government in order to keep record of its performance. The Government wants to adopt the accrual model of financial reporting. This business model of Government reporting is highly beneficial for the Canadian economy as it improves upon the functioning of not only the financial structure of public sector, but also its management.
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International Financial Reporting, 2005.
This paper explains that many factors, such as history, politics, differential currency types, ease of conversion and regulations of various international banking institutions, prevent full harmonization of international financial reporting.
3,445 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the history of the inter-relationship of political and economic changes that effect today's problem of harmonization of currency and reporting such as (1) competing economic policy objectives similar to today's problems with oil, (2) the Janus-faced nature of international capital flows and (3) the changing center of influence of the international system from the United Kingdom and toward the United States. The author points out that the new ISO engineering standards represent a model for standardizing accounting and reporting processes not only by solving the problems of harmonizing the accounting and reporting process but also by offering an open-ended approach, easily adaptable to even the smallest of enterprises. The paper stresses that this need for global standardization means that the mundane "bean-counters" of the past must be replace by today's global accountants trained in several disciplines.
Table of Contents
Thesis Statement
The Powerful Influence of History
The Gold Standard
The Rise and Dilemmas of Bimetallism
The Development of the International Monetary Systems between WWI and WW II
The Bretton Woods System and its Problems
The Harmonization of the British Pound, U.S. Dollar and the European Common Currency
The Future Outlook from an ISO Point of View
From the Paper
"Between the wars, the United States overtook Britain as the leading player in the commercial and the financial domains. However, America's foreign financial and commercial relations did not yet fit together in a way that produced a harmoniously working international system. Moreover, with even today's technological edge America is finding the attainment of harmonization a difficult task at best. Great Britain likewise struggles with several issues in this area. Hence, when postwar planners again contemplated the reconstruction of the international system, they sought a framework capable of accommodating these changed conditions. The solutions to the problems are not at all straightforward and thus the pronounced lack of harmonization of accounting and reporting."
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Measurement Bases for Financial Reporting, 2008.
An analysis of measurement bases and their effects on financial reporting.
3,507 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have decided to revise their conceptual frameworks for financial reporting and accounting. The paper notes that, ideally, the present framework of both boards will be broader and expansive so as to develop a conceptual framework, which both Boards can use as an outline for new and revised accounting standards. The paper explains that one key area that is affected is the basis of measurement and its effect on financial reporting. The paper then proceeds to evaluate the different ways that measurement is defined within the conceptual framework. The paper also analyzes the methodologies identified so that choices made in the future can be based on valid recommendations.
Outline:
Introduction
Measurement and Bases of Measurement
Criticisms
Objectives of Financial Reporting and the Bases Choice: Is there a Trade-Off
What Bases Should be Chosen?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Measurement in financial reporting is therefore dependent on a lot of external factors to the organization; which affect the process of integrating it within the conceptual framework of the IASB/FASB. Bullen and Crook (2006) states that measurement will continue to be one of the most challenging aspects of the conceptual framework since neither bodies have a clear cut definition as to what are the necessary bases that should be used nor are there a set of refined guidelines for the use of any bases. The definitions of both bodies are vague, and as such the conceptual framework continues to produce a vague definition."
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The Future of Financial Reporting, 2008.
This paper explores the development of a conceptual framework for financial reporting and accounting by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).
1,734 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper explores if the proposed conceptual framework for financial reporting and accounting covers the main facets of the original framework of both the FASB and the IASB and whether the purpose of financial reporting is omitting a vital element. The paper further examines whether the decision-useful objective necessarily encompasses the stewardship objective. The paper concludes that it is necessary to have separate objectives related to stewardship and decision-usefulness.
Outline:
Introduction
Financial Reporting that is 'Decision-Usefulness'
Stewardship Objective
Should the Stewardship Objective be Included Separately?
From the Paper
"The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have decided to revise their conceptual frameworks for financial reporting and accounting. Ideally, the present framework of both boards will be broader and expansive so as to develop a conceptual framework, which both Boards can use as an outline for new and revised accounting standards. This amalgamation is very important since markets become more international in scope, there is a need for global accounting standards that are consistent irrespective of the geographical boundaries. Also, 'there was a need to provide direction and structure to financial accounting and reporting' (Penman 2006)."
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Reporting Research, 2004.
This paper discusses criteria for evaluating research reporting and applies these to a nursing research article.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, when performing a critical analysis of another?s research reporting, the reviewer must adhere to the basic principle of evaluation, namely, the structure of the research upon which scientific conclusion is drawn. The author points out that the function of a research report or article is to inform readers about the problem being investigated, the methods used to solve the problem, the results of the investigation, and the conclusions inferred from the results. The paper relates that the writing in research reports must be succinct, objective, and crystalline so that the research can be replicated by those who read it.
From the Paper
"Further, the research investigator failed to mention in the written analysis whether or not the parents were fully informed as to the purpose of the study or its benefits. Again, the investigator fell short of adhering to the principles of ethical research etiquette. In the final analysis, this reviewer is forced to grade the Schultz research with a D grade. Based on the lack of a stated research problem, stated testable hypothesis, appropriate sampling and statistical analysis, and lack of sustainable topical inference the investigation falls short of credible informational importance."
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The FBI?s Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, 2004.
This paper discusses the FBI?s Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program,
describing its flaws and suggesting improvements.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the FBI?s Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program
only records data from known offenders, or people who are arrested by police departments in the USA , but does not take into consideration findings of a court, coroner, jury, or the decision of a prosecutor. The author reports that the UCR can be improved by including a measure of unreported crimes and changing outdated definitions of specific crimes. The paper stresses that, while law enforcement uses the UCR as a resource, the UCR also is an important social indicator for politicians, the media, and thus the greater American public; therefore, the UCR should begin to reflect the needs of this broader population in its mandate.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Criticism of the UCR
Means to Improve the UCR
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Further improvement to the UCR can be achieved through bettering the UCR's known current underreporting and underestimation of certain crimes. First, the UCR should include a measure of unreported crimes. Certainly, the inclusion of this type of data is sometimes problematic, as it often rests on public perceptions of the rate of crime and estimates of the occurrence of certain crimes, and thus may be inherently unreliable. Thus, this report recommends that the UCR include a separate category for 'unreported' crime statistics that are currently not included in the UCR. As such, the reporting of traditionally ?unreported crimes? will not directly effect the reporting of ?reported? or known crimes. Second, the UCR can be improved by reporting all crimes that occur in a group of crimes."
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Massachusetts? Child Abuse Reporting Statute, 2002.
An analysis of the child abuse reporting statute of the state of Massachusetts.
1,305 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Massachusetts? state law that requires mandatory reporting of reasonable suspicions of child abuse for certain persons in positions of authority over children. The paper describes that no longer can teachers rationalize that problems of abuse must be dealt with within the home or by the child alone and teachers must now report such signs or be subject to criminal and monetary sanctions. The author writes that the law provides that those who watch our nation?s children while they are outside of their parents? home must tell the government if abuse is occurring inside or outside the home.
From the Paper
"The management of the law will prove very difficult. Incidents of child abuse are inherently private and perceptions of such incidents are subjective. Whether such incidents actually occurred would be anyone?s guess. In fact, even if a teacher or administrator actually witnessed such child abuse acts (obviously, actually witnessing an act of abuse ? as opposed to just suspecting abuse -- would be rare) and failed to report them, probably 99% of the time, no one would ever know."
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Ethics In Financial Reporting, 2005.
A discussion regarding the ethics of financial reporting and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses ethical financial reporting and what organizations are involved in monitoring and regulating financial statements of public companies. This paper reports that in the United States, these rules are called Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Although they are not laws, the Securities and Exchange Commission requires public companies to follow them. The Financial Accounting Standards Board is the most important organization in setting Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Although not part of GAAP, Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts provide the basis for Statements of Financial Accountant Standards, which are the most important GAAP-establishing publications.
From the Paper
"The framework for corporate financial management has changed significantly over the past few decades as more corporations move away from a checks and balances systems towards more of a juggling act. Recent ethical scandals including the Bre-X, Enron, and Worldcom debacles, has translated into increased scrutiny of corporate financial reporting. Some financial analysts argue that a company's ethical standards affects profitability, and those businesses that demonstrate unethical behaviour will suffer from decreased market share and profit potential, as well as increased government regulation. Increased competition between businesses has forced corporate finance managers to juggle more than one set of balance sheets depending on whether the reporting is going to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or shareholders."
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International Financial Reporting, 2008.
An assessment of the barriers and challenges to the institution of the International Accounting Standards Board's (IASB) international financial reporting standards (IFRS) .
6,240 words (approx. 25.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 146.95
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Abstract
This research paper focuses on the International Accounting Standard Board's (IASB) international financial reporting standards (IFRS) and the barriers and challenges that exist to adoption and implementation of these standards. The work conducts an extensive review of relevant academic and professional literature to identify these challenges and barriers and identifies the steps that are necessary to overcome these challenges.
Outline:
Objective of the Research
Questions of the Research
Methodology
Introduction
Literature Review
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In a recent report Allen Blewitt, Chief Executive of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) warned that "implementation of, and compliance with, International Financial Reporting Standards would be adversely impacted unless the standards were made less complex." Blewitt specifically stated while speaking at a conference in London that: "What I believe the IASB most urgently needs to address are the barriers to implementation. From talking to our members working in business around the world, it is clear that the length of the standards and complexity of the concepts represent a very real problem in many countries. The standards have been described to me as a major turn-off and disincentive for accountants in commerce and industry. People who initially qualified as accountants and are now principals and managing directors resent that they can no longer understand the accounts of the business that they helped to build. I am concerned that, despite the name of the project, the focus of IASB's considerations are going to be large unlisted entities. The overwhelming need for a new set of standards is not for these few companies but for the much larger numbers of genuine SMEs. If the IASB fails to satisfy this real and urgent demand that exists around the world, then some other body must step in and deal with the real problem."
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Detecting, Documenting and Reporting Incidents of Elder Abuse, 2006.
A study of the detection, documentation and reporting incidents of elder abuse.
1,875 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a background of the problem of elder abuse followed by a review and discussion of the relevant literature. The study uses a retrospective review of adverse patient incident reports in selected Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs) and domiciles in the United States. The paper determines what controlling legislation is in place and the associated responsibilities for healthcare practitioners. It notes that the next step involves detecting and substantiating cases of elder abuse when they occur or are suspected of having occurred. The paper further discusses what should be done when abuse has taken place. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion, where it is noted that virtually all sources suggest the rates of elder abuse are on the increase. However, the definitions of elder abuse have been sufficiently codified in recent years that such incidents can be identified and, when appropriate, reported, investigated and actions can be taken to prevent such abuse in the future.
From the Paper
"Today, there are more elderly than ever before, and their numbers are expected to increase as a percentage of the population in the coming years (Litwin & Zoabi, 2004). Based on this increase in numbers of elderly citizens, it is also reasonable to assume that there will be a concomitant increase in the incidence of elder abuse as well. In fact, in recent years, elder abuse by family members has been identified as a growing problem in Western societies (Bergeron & Gray, 2003; Litwin & Zoabi, 2004); however, it is difficult or perhaps even impossible to know whether elder abuse is actually increasing or decreasing because there is a paucity of national prevalence studies (Litwin & Zoabi, 2004; Johnson, 1991; Ebersole & Hess, 1998). The data that is available, though, suggests that the incidence of elder abuse is on the increase, particularly among those aged 75 years and above (Pritchard, 1993). According to the National Elder Abuse Incidence Study, the most accurate national estimate is that a total of 449,924 elderly people, aged 60 years and over, were the victims of abuse and/or neglect in domestic settings alone in 1996 (p. 6). Furthermore, of that number, just 16 percent or so, or approximately 71,987 cases, were actually reported to elder protection agencies (Bergeron & Gray, 2003). This means that across the country, there were approximately 380,000 cases of elder abuse in the home that went unreported - which is not to say undetected - during that year. Moreover, the National Center on Elder Abuse estimated the number of elder abuse cases across the country in all settings to be from 820,000 to 1,860,000 (cited in Ebersole & Hess, 1998). In reality, though, it does not matter whether elder mistreatment is increasing or decreasing because the fact that some elder citizens continue to experience unnecessary suffering is adequate to warrant attention (Johnson, 1991)."
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Uniform Crime Reporting, 2004.
This paper looks at the Uniform Crime Reporting Program.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the Uniform Crime Reporting Program and discusses how and when it was established, its purpose and how it operates. The paper looks at the data it contains and the types of statistics it generates.
From the Paper
"The Uniform Crime Report, UCR, was designed, developed and implemented by law enforcement for use as a tool for operational and administrative purposes. (Uniform) The program was developed under the auspices of the International Association of Chiefs of Police and was later endorsed by the National Sheriff's Association which acts in an advisory capacity today. It was the first comprehensive system of crime information developed on a national scale."
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News Reporting, 2003.
Analysis of sociologist Herbert Gans' book on news gathering and reporting.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper presents an analysis of sociologist Herbert Gans' book, "Deciding What's News", on news gathering and reporting. It looks at the main ideas and themes, as well as the author's methodology. The paper contends that the book's concepts are valid, but some information is outdated.
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