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Reporting the Sino-U.S. Spy Plane Collision.
This paper compares the news framing by the "New York Times" and the "People's Daily" coverage of the Sino-US spy plane collision in 2001.
2,370 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, on April 1, 2001, what began as a minor training exercise turned into a post-Cold War confrontation between two of the world's nuclear powers. A collision of a U.S. spy plane and a Chinese fighter jet resulted in a tense, but not hostile, political confrontation between the two nations. The author points out that the media accounts in the United States and China are both shaped by the same type of gatekeeping processes, which underlie all editorial decisions concerning what events should be reported to the public and how they should be presented; however, a fundamental difference exists between the two countries concerning the relative freedoms of the respective media in covering these events, particularly for international consumption. The paper reviews many hypotheses based on the news framing by the "New York Times" and the "People's Daily" and concludes that future historians should incorporate comparable analyses of identical news events from various media to determine the extent to which such inherent ethnocentrism has impacted these reports.
Table of Contents
Literature Review
Visual Framing
Contextual Framing
Operational Framing
Hypothesis 1
Hypothesis 2
H2a
H2b
Hypothesis 3
H3a
H3b
Validity and Reliability
From the Paper
"From the perspective of the Bush administration, this diplomatic standoff with a newly defined "strategic competitor" provided a crucial test to his ability and experience in handling foreign affairs; these attributes in particular had been under increasing criticism in the months from April 2001. The results of how Bush handled this international incident could shape the domestic public opinion and worldview after the election controversy that had immediately preceded it. From China's perspective, even before this tragic incident, the Chinese people and its leaders had already been on the receiving end of hostile rhetoric from the newly elected Bush; this served to remind the Chinese people and their leadership about the embassy bombing in Yugoslavia just twoyears previously; moreover, such a direct military conflict between two nuclear powers has not taken place since the end of the Cold War."
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News Framing: The Sino-U.S. Spy Plane Collision, 2005.
A comparison of the "New York Times" and the "People's Daily" coverage of the Sino-U.S. spy plane collision of April 1, 2001.
11,500 words (approx. 46.0 pages), 32 sources, MLA, $ 224.95
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Abstract
On April 1, 2001, what began as a minor training exercise turned into a post-Cold War confrontation between two of the world's nuclear powers. On this date, a collision of a U.S. spy plane and a Chinese fighter jet resulted in a tense - but not hostile - political confrontation between the two nations. This paper examines how although the actual details of the spy plane collision in April 2001 differed substantially in their respective accounts in the Chinese and U.S. media, these differences were not so important to many observers as how important the role they played in shaping public opinion as the events unfolded. It provides a side-by-side comparison of the accounts from China and the U.S. to show how the "New York Times" and the "People's Daily" seem to be covering two completely separate incidents. It also defines and discusses the media framing functions that were categorized into three dimensions: visual framing, contextual framing and operational framing.
Outline:
Introduction
Background and Overview
Differences in Media Accounts
Categorization of Framing Functions in Media Accounts
Review of the Literature
Role of the Media in News Presentation
Gatekeeping and Presentation of News Reports
Additional Factors Influencing Presentation of News Reports
The American Position as Reflected in "The New York Times"
The Chinese Position as Reflected in "The People's Daily"
The International Community's Position
Method
Data Analysis and Findings
"People's Daily": April 2-April 27, 2001
"New York Times" Analysis
Validity and Reliability
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"From a subjective perspective, one can almost envision the Chinese leadership hunkered down in the Forbidden City formulating a cogent but forceful response to the spy plane incident that would show the world that they still meant business militarily, but one which would not go so far as to jeopardize what was really important: the American markets. However, from an international perspective, the evolution of the Sino-American trade bloc may be thwarted by future recurrences of this level of hostility, and in the post-Cold War globe, former allies may become potential enemies. "
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Moral Report Card for the U.S., 2005.
An examination of the United States' policy towards the Dominican Republic in the years 1930-1945 in the form of a morality report card.
1,241 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the manner in which America treated the Dominican Republic. It analyzes the government's actions in terms of morality and provides a 'morality report card' in light of these findings. It concludes that the U.S. was not very moral when dealing with the Dominican Republic during this period.
From the Paper
"Worse yet, when Trujillo cut off all visas into his country "except for those [refugees] committed" (145) to the refugee camp area ("Sosua"), FDR's envoy, James Rosenberg, "was instrumental in limiting immigration" to those who were "young" and "strong." The author further explains the utter moral folly of this refugee debacle, by pointing out that "the settlement's rigorous selectivity in some says resembled the discrimination that Jews face in Europe." The bottom line was that the Sosua settlement was, in the author's words, "an anomalous showcase of humanitarianism exhibited to the world against a backdrop of repression." Did the U.S. act within "conformity to ideals of right human conduct" in this matter? The answer has to be "no," the U.S. did not behave in a morally appropriate fashion. And shame on the U.S. for its participation in this sham. Moral Report Card Grade: D+ "
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The U.S. and the U.N. Rights of the Child Convention, 2002.
This paper discusses why the U.S. hasn't signed the treaty on the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child.
5,060 words (approx. 20.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination, written from a legal standpoint, of the treaty on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children. The paper concludes the U. S. is willing to intervene in other international problems, such as oil; and therefore, it should make a public statement to protect the world?s most precious commodity, children, by supporting the treaty.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What Is It
What It Protects
What about the Legal Standpoint
Why Is Treaty Needed
Why Won't the U.S. Sign?
Reasons for Signing the Treaty
From the Paper
"While there are many political reasons that the US may refuse to sign the treaty, one of the chief causes for concern might be the establishment of an International Criminal Court. Many UN delegates support the idea of an International Criminal Court but the United States has been steadfast in its refusal to agree. An international criminal court might begin the slippery slope of descent to the power of individual nations when it comes to many issues including the treaty.If the international criminal court gains favor and power in the future it is feasible that the court could be used to enforce the treaty."
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Multiculturalism in the U.S. and U.K., 2005.
This paper presents an analysis regarding the doctrine of multiculturalism.
904 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the doctrine of multiculturalism. The writer offers an analysis of why such a doctrine is problematic. In order to examine the issue of multiculturalism, the writer uses examples from the public education systems in the U.S. and Great Britain to show the difficulties in treating all cultures as equal.
From the Paper
"Multiculturalism is defined by the Ayn Rand institute as the view that all cultures are equal. While this doctrine is often adopted in spirit if not in principle in the U.S. and Great Britain, multiculturalism is problematic as a term. For if all cultures are equal we cannot say that there is one superior way of being, one superior set of values or one superior method of educating individuals. However societies like America and Great Britain often adopt such methods values ... "
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Nixon and China, 1994.
The origins and evolution of the opening of the China-U.S. relations through Nixon foreign policy, the dispute over the role of Kissinger, objectives, U.S. public reaction, role of the Sino-Soviet conflict and Vietnam War, success/failure and historical i
4,725 words (approx. 18.9 pages), 20 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"Nixon and China: A Historiography
This paper will present a historiography of the United States policy towards the Peoples Republic of China during the Nixon administration. The first part of the paper will briefly recount the events surrounding the policy, including the change in foreign policy during the administration and the public spectacle of the Nixon visit to China. The second part of the paper will examine the interpretations concerning the true authorship of the policy introduced by the administration, specifically focusing upon the question of whether Nixon or Kissinger was primarily responsible for the idea of rapprochement with China. The third part of the paper will discuss the motivations behind the change in policy and the interpretations of these motivations. The fourth part of the paper will look at the..."
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Mandatory Reporting of Child Abuse, 2006.
Examines policies, procedures and state laws on mandatory reporting and how they impact teachers in the classroom.
6,411 words (approx. 25.6 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 148.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the policies, procedures and state laws that are concerned with the mandatory reporting of child abuse by certain mandated reporters such as teachers, social workers, therapists and other state departmental workers; all of which are designated by law to be mandated reporters. This paper focuses on teachers as mandated reporters and how this legal provision might impact their performance in the classroom, how it might influence the way they interact with the children in their class and the parents of these children and finally any barriers to reporting child abuse that might be noted by teachers, which could reduce the effectiveness of the mandated reporting system. The paper provides a brief look at how child abuse can affect the behavior and learning abilities of the child and a review of the basic wording of the mandated reporting law, as well as a few state variations on the federal law. It then provides a literature review to try and determine the impact that the mandated reporting law might have on teachers, including any barriers to mandated reporting experienced by teachers. The paper is supported by journal references written between 2000 and 2005.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Child Abuse - a Snapshot of the American Problem
Polices and Procedures for Mandated Reporting of Child Abuse by Teachers
Procedures for Making a Report
Indicators of Child Abuse or Maltreatment
Training Methods Required by Teachers
Barriers to Effective and Accurate Mandated Reporting by Teachers
What Teachers should Expect after Filing a Report about a Maltreated Child
Literature Review
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Rebecca Bolen (2003) also supported the notion that schools could and should provide the best environment for helping to address issues surrounding child sex abuse, and increasing awareness of how the problem can be reduced, and how victims can be helped by resources in the community. Bolen describes that the prevention programs in place at many schools today include three objectives - firstly to teach children about the concept of sexual abuse including teaching on what is known as "bad" touching in private places; secondly children are taught about how they can refuse to be touched in such a manner and what methods they should use to "get away" and "tell on" the person and finally helping these children to tell an adult that they trust about the incident, so that this person won't prey on other children."
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Logical Fallacies in Business Reporting, 2004.
Discusses three types of logical fallacies in business reporting from a critical thinking perspective.
1,383 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
Although the reporting of facts and figures is often thought of as an objective science, quite frequently even business reporting is characterized by logical fallacies, including but not limited to, appeals to ignorance, hasty generalizations, and ad hominem attacks. This paper argues that these logical fallacies are particularly common and pernicious in business reporting because of the frequently technically complex nature of the subject matter in regards to facts and figures, combined with the emotional texture of business reporting that involves the fabric and texture of individual lives. The paper shows that reporters wish to attract attention and render complexities comprehensible, but frequently fall into logically fallacious traps to accomplish these objectives. The paper provides examples from business reports to elaborate on the ideas.
From the Paper
"This is particularly important to remember when reading the business section about distasteful individuals, because it is tempting to assume, when hearing about past dirty dealings, to either discount all of the information brought up by the person, because of the past character of the potential economic criminal, or to assume that he or she knew everything about the dark corporate dealings at the company. Even the lack of evidence is made to sound dark in the above-cited article?s rhetoric: ?Considering that he was the driving force behind Enron's growth, the micromanaging former CEO did an amazing job of distancing himself from its decline. He stopped selling stock four months before Enron collapsed?and left the company entirely two months beforehand. He rarely used e-mail. His signature is conspicuously, and uncharacteristically, absent from the approval sheets for some of Fastow's most controversial deals.? (?Who Will Fastow implicate?? January 19, 2004, Business Week Online retrieved on January 19, 2004 at http://www.aol.businessweek.com/bwdaily/index.html#top) The ad hominem attack is generally used as a kind of intellectual shorthand, equating man with message, rather than trying to understand the business at hand."
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The Role Teachers Play in Child Abuse Reporting, 2008.
A case study analysis of David Pelzer's life, as described in his book, "A Child Called "It"" and a discussion of the laws regarding the reporting of child abuse by teachers.
1,044 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role that teachers should play in the reporting of suspected child abuse. It describes the law regarding the reporting of child abuse in the United States and provides a case example from David Pelzer's life, as described in his book, "A Child Called "It"." The writer suggests that David only lived because a teacher reported his abuse and concludes that if she is ever am in a situation where I am faced with the question to report or not to report-my answer is very clear.
From the Paper
"In contemplating those examples one can see that it is not as easy as it sounds to "do the right thing." Sometimes we cannot be sure what is ultimately best for the child and that is what everyone is trying to accomplish. For 3 elementary school teachers in Atlanta the choice was not theirs to make. The 3 instructors were arrested in connection with failure to report suspicions of child abuse. The worst part of this story is that none of the teachers had even suspected abuse and further investigations by the Fulton County Department of Family and Children Services have failed to substantiate the allegations of child abuse and no charges have been filed (Carmody, 1989). Ultimately, there are 3 school teachers that did not suspect abuse, were arrested for not reporting it and then find out that the child was probably not abused in the first place. To revert back to my earlier statement, there could have been a history of abuse there and it was overlooked, now that they have investigated and found nothing, that child could be in for even more abuse and no one to turn to for help."
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International Financial Reporting, 2005.
This paper explains that many factors, such as history, politics, differential currency types, ease of conversion and regulations of various international banking institutions, prevent full harmonization of international financial reporting.
3,445 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the history of the inter-relationship of political and economic changes that effect today's problem of harmonization of currency and reporting such as (1) competing economic policy objectives similar to today's problems with oil, (2) the Janus-faced nature of international capital flows and (3) the changing center of influence of the international system from the United Kingdom and toward the United States. The author points out that the new ISO engineering standards represent a model for standardizing accounting and reporting processes not only by solving the problems of harmonizing the accounting and reporting process but also by offering an open-ended approach, easily adaptable to even the smallest of enterprises. The paper stresses that this need for global standardization means that the mundane "bean-counters" of the past must be replace by today's global accountants trained in several disciplines.
Table of Contents
Thesis Statement
The Powerful Influence of History
The Gold Standard
The Rise and Dilemmas of Bimetallism
The Development of the International Monetary Systems between WWI and WW II
The Bretton Woods System and its Problems
The Harmonization of the British Pound, U.S. Dollar and the European Common Currency
The Future Outlook from an ISO Point of View
From the Paper
"Between the wars, the United States overtook Britain as the leading player in the commercial and the financial domains. However, America's foreign financial and commercial relations did not yet fit together in a way that produced a harmoniously working international system. Moreover, with even today's technological edge America is finding the attainment of harmonization a difficult task at best. Great Britain likewise struggles with several issues in this area. Hence, when postwar planners again contemplated the reconstruction of the international system, they sought a framework capable of accommodating these changed conditions. The solutions to the problems are not at all straightforward and thus the pronounced lack of harmonization of accounting and reporting."
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Government Reporting Model in Canada, 2002.
An overview of the importance and benefits of the Canadian Government reporting model.
4,900 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 13 sources, $ 178.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the Government reporting model in Canada. Financial reporting is a must for the Government in order to keep record of its performance. The Government wants to adopt the accrual model of financial reporting. This business model of Government reporting is highly beneficial for the Canadian economy as it improves upon the functioning of not only the financial structure of public sector, but also its management.
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The Future of Financial Reporting, 2008.
This paper explores the development of a conceptual framework for financial reporting and accounting by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).
1,734 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper explores if the proposed conceptual framework for financial reporting and accounting covers the main facets of the original framework of both the FASB and the IASB and whether the purpose of financial reporting is omitting a vital element. The paper further examines whether the decision-useful objective necessarily encompasses the stewardship objective. The paper concludes that it is necessary to have separate objectives related to stewardship and decision-usefulness.
Outline:
Introduction
Financial Reporting that is 'Decision-Usefulness'
Stewardship Objective
Should the Stewardship Objective be Included Separately?
From the Paper
"The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have decided to revise their conceptual frameworks for financial reporting and accounting. Ideally, the present framework of both boards will be broader and expansive so as to develop a conceptual framework, which both Boards can use as an outline for new and revised accounting standards. This amalgamation is very important since markets become more international in scope, there is a need for global accounting standards that are consistent irrespective of the geographical boundaries. Also, 'there was a need to provide direction and structure to financial accounting and reporting' (Penman 2006)."
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Measurement Bases for Financial Reporting, 2008.
An analysis of measurement bases and their effects on financial reporting.
3,507 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have decided to revise their conceptual frameworks for financial reporting and accounting. The paper notes that, ideally, the present framework of both boards will be broader and expansive so as to develop a conceptual framework, which both Boards can use as an outline for new and revised accounting standards. The paper explains that one key area that is affected is the basis of measurement and its effect on financial reporting. The paper then proceeds to evaluate the different ways that measurement is defined within the conceptual framework. The paper also analyzes the methodologies identified so that choices made in the future can be based on valid recommendations.
Outline:
Introduction
Measurement and Bases of Measurement
Criticisms
Objectives of Financial Reporting and the Bases Choice: Is there a Trade-Off
What Bases Should be Chosen?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Measurement in financial reporting is therefore dependent on a lot of external factors to the organization; which affect the process of integrating it within the conceptual framework of the IASB/FASB. Bullen and Crook (2006) states that measurement will continue to be one of the most challenging aspects of the conceptual framework since neither bodies have a clear cut definition as to what are the necessary bases that should be used nor are there a set of refined guidelines for the use of any bases. The definitions of both bodies are vague, and as such the conceptual framework continues to produce a vague definition."
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Reporting Research, 2004.
This paper discusses criteria for evaluating research reporting and applies these to a nursing research article.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, when performing a critical analysis of another?s research reporting, the reviewer must adhere to the basic principle of evaluation, namely, the structure of the research upon which scientific conclusion is drawn. The author points out that the function of a research report or article is to inform readers about the problem being investigated, the methods used to solve the problem, the results of the investigation, and the conclusions inferred from the results. The paper relates that the writing in research reports must be succinct, objective, and crystalline so that the research can be replicated by those who read it.
From the Paper
"Further, the research investigator failed to mention in the written analysis whether or not the parents were fully informed as to the purpose of the study or its benefits. Again, the investigator fell short of adhering to the principles of ethical research etiquette. In the final analysis, this reviewer is forced to grade the Schultz research with a D grade. Based on the lack of a stated research problem, stated testable hypothesis, appropriate sampling and statistical analysis, and lack of sustainable topical inference the investigation falls short of credible informational importance."
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Massachusetts? Child Abuse Reporting Statute, 2002.
An analysis of the child abuse reporting statute of the state of Massachusetts.
1,305 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Massachusetts? state law that requires mandatory reporting of reasonable suspicions of child abuse for certain persons in positions of authority over children. The paper describes that no longer can teachers rationalize that problems of abuse must be dealt with within the home or by the child alone and teachers must now report such signs or be subject to criminal and monetary sanctions. The author writes that the law provides that those who watch our nation?s children while they are outside of their parents? home must tell the government if abuse is occurring inside or outside the home.
From the Paper
"The management of the law will prove very difficult. Incidents of child abuse are inherently private and perceptions of such incidents are subjective. Whether such incidents actually occurred would be anyone?s guess. In fact, even if a teacher or administrator actually witnessed such child abuse acts (obviously, actually witnessing an act of abuse ? as opposed to just suspecting abuse -- would be rare) and failed to report them, probably 99% of the time, no one would ever know."
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