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Reparations for Slavery, 2001.
This well-researched paper examines the highly debated topic of reparations for slavery. With the debate still on the table about reparations, many feel that compensation goes far beyond a dollar amount.
3,376 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the issue of reparations for slavery. While this topic has received very little media attention in the public eye, the majority of reparation activists passionately believe that their cause will help heal racial tensions. On certain college campuses many have turned the debate for slavery reparations into a debate about free speech. The writer of this paper supplies an overview into how the African-American slaves were mistreated and why the issue of what and how much reparation is due is still such a sensitive and controversial topic. Along with countless hours in the field, there was very little regard on behalf of slave owners to the families of their slaves. Blacks were regularly separated from their family and sold to different families, for the simple profit of their owners. After the construction of the law that manipulated the offspring of any African to follow the condition of their mother, slaves could then be bred for free and sold for nothing but profit. If a slave owner happened to purchase a female, the act of breeding slaves was the cheapest and most cost effective means of increasing profit. The writer contends that this legalized discrimination has trickled down all the way through the generations and still exists today. Many people have come to the conclusion that African-Americans deserve monetary compensation as sufficient reparations for slavery. With the debate still on the table about reparations, many feel that reparations go far passed a dollar amount.
From the Paper
"The Trans-Atlantic slave trade later became profitable for the government as a means of accruing taxes. This initiative was intended to slow the traffic of slave ships from the West Coast of Africa. The taxes were only effective for the trans-Atlantic slave trade, however, there were no taxes on domestic slave trading. In response to this, slave owners made an effort for another means of avoiding taxes. In many cases where female slaves did not marry, they were often subjected to the will, or desire of their masters. In some instances, female slaves would adhere to the sexual advances of their masters in order to receive less harsh treatment, those who did not adhere were raped -- this happened more often than not. With the introduction of mulatto children, (children born to female slaves impregnated by white masters) the domestic slave trade found new life, with a transfusion of these children which could be separated from their families, and sold without having to pay taxes."
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Reparations of Slavery, 2004.
An analysis of the possibility of slavery reparations.
2,916 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that the reparation movements sometimes have their heart in the right place, though sometimes not. The paper assesses that the passing of reparations legislation would force the economic exploitation of one group (modern European-Americans) for the benefit of another (modern African-Americans). Doing so would solve none of the problems facing the African-American population in the United States today, but would create new problems and inflame old ones. The paper claims that, for these reasons, plus the bad logic upon which the pro-reparations argument is based, it is unlikely that reparations legislation will ever be seriously considered by Congress.
From the Paper
"One issue that has come to the surface in recent discussions of race in America is the issue of Slavery Reparations. This is essentially the idea that modern descendents of American slaves should receive some form of financial reparations for the oppression and other hardships endured by their ancestors. One notable advocate of this scheme is Randall Robinson, as quoted in Watts-Jones (2004). He claims economic reparations to the descendents of slaves are a necessary as well as morally correct thing since so much of the United States' wealth in prior centuries was derived from the uncompensated labor of slaves."
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Slavery Reparations, 2005.
A look at the argument against slavery reparations.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that granting reparations to individuals based solely on their racial and ethnic backgrounds acts against the basic principle of equality in the West. It argues that without a doubt, the effects of slavery and colonialism are still felt to this day and that the suggestion of writing a check to the descendants of those individuals who were directly harmed by slavery is a gross oversimplification of a complex historical issue. It examines the pros and cons of reparations, including historical precedent, concluding that direct reparations should be eschewed in favor of other options.
From the Paper
"Issuing reparations - whether monetary or otherwise - has become a controversial political issue in the United States, ranking perhaps higher than other racially charged issues like affirmative action. Proponents of such a measure argue that the ill effects of slavery in this nation did not end with the end of slavery. The social institutions that made slavery possible for centuries throughout the West and propagated the slave trade in Africa transformed and continued, creating intergenerational effects that have stifled the potential of Africans in the United States, not to mention the development of African nations that have been permanently affected by colonialism. However, there are problems with issuing reparations. "
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The Slavery Reparations Debate, 2002.
This paper is an imaginary debate, pro and con, to discuss the proposal by some African-Americans that they are owed reparations from the U.S. government for centuries of slavery imposed on their ancestors in the U.S..
1,590 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper is an imaginary debate regarding the Congressional Slave Reparations Bill, HR 40 IH 107th Congress, 1st Session, H.R. 40, introduced on January 3, 2001 to acknowledge the fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality and inhumanity of slavery in the United States between 1619 and 1865. For example the imaginary person in favor of reparations argues that it is the way we (the African-Americans) are treated in modern America that continues the slave mentality and has forced so many of them to become criminals or to drop out of society. On the other hand, the imaginary person in against reparations argues that frustration is the basis for our current troubled society; and, even if there is some polarized relationship between whites and blacks, this idea of a Slavery Reparations Bill makes that gulf even wider and deeper. The paper continues in this manner giving a statement pro and a statement against as if it were a debate.
From the Paper
"PRO4: Of course it is. African-Americans DESERVE Compensation for past and present injustice. You don?t see whites dragged down for miles on a Texas road! Blacks are the majority of prisoners on death row. Rodney King wouldn?t have been beaten by the cops if he were white. SAT tests to get into colleges are still skewed toward white middle class students.
CON4: So, you?re using today?s prejudices to squeeze money out of the government? Where are all the upper- and middle class black professionals who run away from the inner cities as soon as they have good paying jobs? Why aren?t they spearheading this Reparations drive? But, more to the point - what about Native Americans and the Chinese brought over to build the railroads as slave labor? Why limit compensation for slavery to African-Americans?
PRO5: Because we were the only ones dragged from out homelands and shipped over to America. That?s a historical fact."
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Slavery Reparations, 2002.
Should the U.S. government pay reparations to the descendants of slaves?
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the argument of "Should the U.S. Government pay Reparations to the Descendants of Slaves". The argument is in favor of the case but supports the thesis through the presentation of both sides of the argument and presenting a solution in the best manner possible.
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African-America Reparations, 2005.
This paper argues the question of reparation for the slavery of African-Americans.
775 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, without a doubt, something is owed to the descendants of the African-American slaves, yet the question has always been who should pay and how much. The author points out that tort theory states that the federal government had the power to abolish slavery and yet did not and therefore it owes for damages. The paper states that, if the decision is made to pay reparations to surviving ancestors of slaves, the challenge is the magnitude of the problem- even for a very large settle, once divided among so many, to the individual, it would be a pittance.
From the Paper
"Yet it is also clear the U. S. federal government was not the only entity capable of the abolition of slavery, so it should be only partly responsible for damages. It is arguable that individuals, by action and by collective vote could have abolished slavery and individual states could also have abolished slavery, within their own constitutional amendment."
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Reparations, 2002.
A discussion of whether African-Americans are entitled to compensation for their history of slavery.
1,995 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper argues whether Americans of African decent are entitled to compensation for the American South?s slavery past. It debates whether the American government owes people whose ancestors were slaves reparations in the form of money, land or capitol goods. It examines how many African-Americans and white liberals feel that black Americans are owed something and how a movement in this country has been stirring for a while agitating for forced reparations by the U.S. government. It puts forward the argument that reparations for slavery should not occur and demonstrates why reparations are wrong and how reparations would ultimately cause deeper divisions in our society then already exist.
From the Paper
"No evidence has yet been produced by respected and/or qualified economists that prove that living individuals have been adversely affected by a slave system that was ended over 150 years ago. (Engerman, Inikori ) (Horowitz). Cleverly, reparations advocates do not always make the claim that today?s descendents of slavery have been directly harmed by slavery. Indeed, Adjoa Aiyetoro, a legal consultant to the National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America, said, "We're not raising claims that you should pay us because you did something to us 150 years ago. We are saying that we are injured today by the vestiges of slavery, which took away income and property that was rightfully ours." (Levin, Itzkoff 1997) This begs the question then of why were blacks doing better in terms of positive gains in employment, education, and social structure 15 to 20 years after slavery then they seem to be doing today?"
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Two Interpretations of Slavery, 2008.
An analysis of two books dealing with slavery in the USA; "Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life" by Stanley Elkins, and "Ordeal by Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction" by James M. McPherson.
1,637 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the books "Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life" by Stanley Elkins, and "Ordeal by Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction" by James M. McPherson. The paper also contains a comparative analysis of Elkins' historical interpretation of slavery with McPherson's analysis.
From the Paper
"Author Stanley Elkins first wrote this pivotal book on slavery in the South in 1959. It has been one of the leading works on slavery ever since then, with two revisions. The book still remains in print today, and is still argued for its theories and ideas. Elkins was the first author to actually look at how slavery affected the slaves, and that made his book forward thinking at the time it was written. Written before the Civil Rights agreements of the 1960s, and in the decade after World War II, Elkins views took Nazism and its ultimate control of the citizenry into account in his own theories, something that might have been altered today simply because of the passage of time. A liberal professor at Smith College, his views might have been seen as revolutionary for the time, but his research is thorough and his theories still hold water today. In fact, his third essay, known as the "Sambo" essay compared slaves during and after the Civil War to children, the black "Sambo" stereotype, and Nazi Germany, which many people decried and thus ignored (Roberts, 1999, p3)."
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Racism and Slavery, 2005.
An examination of the history of slavery in America and an explanation why racism and slavery are clearly related.
1,221 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that racism can exist and foster an environment and an attitude that sanction an institution like slavery. However, slavery itself can and has brought out the worst in people, including undiscovered feelings of supremacy over another race. It discusses how slavery has engrained in people's minds the thought that since such a practice is allowable and even easy to maintain, it must be right. The paper concludes that this concept may imply a new idea that slavery encourages racism, in as much as racism establishes slavery.
From the Paper
"In investigating this concept, we turn towards the past United States enslavement of black people. This particular institution of slavery seems to be aligned perfectly with and idea of dual causality. Its establishment was based in economic possibilities, and was fostered by a division among races. The first element mentioned finds its roots in the Renaissance and Commercial Revolution of Europe. With the rise of towns, the increased centrality of interests in commercial activities, the focus on capital strength, and the fall of feudalism, Europe reinvented its societies to become much more competitive, and focus its attention on individual's prosperity. From England specifically, came the already established aristocrats who ventured to the open land of America to expand their wealth. To do so required a cultivation of the land. Agriculture was the main venue towards wealth, however the already wealthy were not going to perform their own labor. As such, people of lower social statuses searching for greater prosperity, who ventured to the open America, found an opportunity to prosper, by becoming an indentured servant to the wealthy landowner. These servants, who were primarily young white men, would work for a sustained period and at the end of their required servitude, they would be granted land of their own."
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A Study of the "Book of Philemon" and the Issue of Slavery, 2004.
Looks at the "Book of Philemon" and how it deals with slavery and the way slavery should be approached from a Christian perspective.
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the three central characters of the "Book of Philemon" and analyzes the influence their Christianity had on the way they dealt with the social conflicts they encountered. In particular, the paper looks at how each of the characters handles the issue of slavery and its innate contradiction with ethical, moral, and Christian behavior.
From the Paper
"One of the major tenets of Christianity supports the belief that all individuals are the same in the eyes of God. This belief has to include slaves and the issue of slavery is the basic foundation for Paul?s letter to Philemon. Philemon was a wealthy Christian of Collosse who had at least one slave by the name of Onesimus. Onesimus apparently stole some money from Philemon and then ran away to Rome. (Halley 645) In Rome, Onesimus had an encounter with Paul, which eventually led to Onesimus? conversion. The problem that resulted as Onesimus? conversion and Paul?s solution to that problem is the heart of this brief letter."
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Slavery in the 21st Century, 2008.
A look at the existence of slavery in the 21st century in its traditional form of absolute subservience by a slave to a master and in an oppressive economic form characterized by virtual, if not actual, slavery.
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that human rights groups have documented the existence of traditional slavery in Sudan, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan and of coercive labor systems in several Middle East countries, which are so exploitative that they have been condemned as virtual economic slavery. The author points out that, although the Arabian Peninsula in 1964 became the world's last region to officially abolish slavery, forty years later Saudi Arabia still has more than two-hundred and fifty-thousand slaves. The paper relates that Islamic doctrine provides religious justification for slavery and enables slave traffickers to flout laws prohibiting it. The paper also asserts that, although slavery does not exists in the United States, millions of migrant workers are subjected to coercive conditions and abusive treatment that are little better than slavery.
From the Paper
"Consequently, in objective terms, a human being who is not free to leave and has no influence on the conditions or length of their economic servitude is a virtual slave. They may have civil rights, but if they are rendered powerless to defend those rights, they are enslaved in a coercive system they cannot defy. They do not have to be bought and sold to be considered a slave, for when they are rendered no effective legal protection by any civil or religious authorities, they are a slave in everything but name."
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American Black Slavery, 1973.
This paper reviews the origins of American slavery, conditions of slavery and blacks' service in the Union Army.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Unlike the Spanish, the English explorers brought no blacks with them on their expeditions to the New World. No blacks were present in the first English colonies in North America, neither in the lost colony of Sir Walter Raleigh, nor in the little settlement at Jamestown. It was 12 years after the founding of Jamestown that blacks first made their appearance there. In 1619, a Dutch ship, headed for the West Indies, dropped anchor. The captain was short of food and other provisions, and he wanted to exchange the blacks for supplies. He traded them not as slaves but as indentured workers, which meant that they had to work for a few years without pay. These 20 blacks became the first settlers from Africa to make their homes in an English colony. Five years later, in 1624, little William Tucker was born. He was the first black child to be born in what was to ... "
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"Slavery and Freedom in the Rural North".
This paper discusses G. R. Hodges's "Slavery and Freedom in the Rural North," which discusses issues of slavery and the Civil War in New Jersey.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that New Jersey was typical of states in the North that were not wholeheartedly anti-slavery, and yet had many activists who were bitterly opposed to slavery. The author points out that, in the 17th century, slaves were brought into New Netherland (New Jersey) from Jamaica, Barbados, Curacao, and Antigua. The slave population continued to grow, and in the 1790s, several "gradual emancipation" bills were voted down in the New Jersey legislature, albeit "popular opinion and party newspapers cautiously shifted" towards an anti-slavery position. The paper concludes that, after the end of legal slavery and for a century after the Civil War, there were still vestiges of the "paternalistic cottager system" in which African-Americans worked for whites on isolated farms, reflecting the continued bitterness of the Civil War.
Table of Contents
Introduction
New Jersey History of Slavery
The Civil War and New Jersey
From the Paper
"After the war, despite the heroism that many black soldiers displayed in defeating the South, "New Jersey's white population remained hostile" to the idea of giving blacks full citizen rights (p. 194). The author, in his Epilogue, explains why it was not easy to rid New Jersey of slavery notwithstanding federal law that demanded the end of slavery: he writes that slavery in Monmouth was not a "fad" which could be easily "forgotten," but to the contrary, it was "a custom two centuries in the making" (p. 203)."
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The Grave Mistake of Slavery in the United States, 2009.
A examination of the grave consequences of slavery in the United States according to William Ellery Channing in "Slavery" and of WEB Du Bois in "Black Reconstruction in America: 1860-1880."
1,813 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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This paper explains why slavery was such a grave mistake in the history of the United States. It describes some of the disastrous consequences of slavery in America, such as the destruction of entire cultures, especially those located in Africa. The paper specifically focuses on the words of William Ellery Channing in "Slavery" and of WEB Du Bois in "Black Reconstruction in America: 1860-1880."
From the Paper
"One additional area of concern is that African-American slaves experienced perhaps the absolute worst and lowest living conditions that existed in the Deep South. For those who managed to escape from their bondage or found some way to pay for their freedom, living conditions were not that much better, especially in the major cities of the North like New York, Boston, Philadelphia and Baltimore where freed black slaves or escapees were paid abysmal wages for very long hours at work as manual laborers. As Du Bois tells us, the cost for the maintenance of a slave in the Deep South for plantation masters was about $19 a year which means that slaves "were among the poorest non-paid laborers in the modern world" and represented in a very real sense "the ultimate degradation of man" (1992, p. 7)."
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Slavery, 2002.
Examines the development of slavery in the United States, the type of culture fostered by slavery and the reasons for the success of the emancipation.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses how slavery developed and what kind of culture grew out of the institution. The paper then discusses how slavery was abolished and how and why the North succeeded in emancipating the slaves.
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