| Papers [1-15] of 27 :: [Page 1 of 2] | | Go to page : 1 2 —> | Search results on "RENAL SYSTEM": |
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Renal System, 2005.
A description of active and passive re-absorption functions of the kidney.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the active and passive re-absorption functions of the kidney and the process and purpose of tubular secretion. The paper discusses the structure of the tubular systems of the kidney and delineates which processes take place in which parts of the system. The paper also details the mechanisms and substances involved in both processes and how they contribute to homeostasis.
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End-Stage Renal Disease, 2008.
This paper discuses end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which is the point of no return of chronic renal disease (CRD) regardless of etiology.
765 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that end-stage renal disease (ESRD) represents irreversible damage to the nephrons, the functioning filtration units of the kidney. The author points out that this stage is generally accepted clinically as the complete dependence of the patient on life-preserving dialysis or kidney transplantation for adequate waste filtration due to this irreversible damage. The paper relates that the definitive treatment of ESRD is the initiation of dialysis (peritoneal or hemodialysis) or renal transplantation with control or eradication of the cause of the kidney disease; however, nutritional support in the patient with end-stage renal disease must take into account the fragile electrolyte balance maintained by the remaining functional nephrons.
Table of Contents
Causes
Populations at Risk
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
From the Paper
"Signs and symptoms of ESRD are also seen in acute, chronic and acute renal failure superimposed on chronic renal failure. ESRD is seen in GFRs that approach zero; it is thus inferable that prolonged periods in between dialysis result in severe manifestations of electrolyte imbalance, especially urea and ammonia accumulation. Azotemia and uremia are associated with urea and ammonia accumulation secondary to diminished renal function are seen in rises in blood urea nitrogen."
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Chronic Renal Failure, 2006.
This paper discusses chronic renal failure, also called chronic kidney failure, which is a serious disease that can be fatal if not treated.
1,690 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the beginning of chronic renal failure, there are virtually no symptoms; however, the progression of the disease can cause an increase in blood pressure, an accumulation of potassium in the blood, an accumulation of urea, anemia, fatigue, an overload of fluid volume, cardiac arrhythmia and vascular calcification. The author points out that, at end-stage of renal disease, renal replacement therapy, such as kidney dialysis and even kidney transplant, is required to keep the patient alive. The paper relates that patients with chronic renal failure also have a high incidence of atherosclerosis, which usually accelerates at a faster rate, and of cardiovascular disease, which has a prognosis that is not as good as someone without chronic renal failure.
From the Paper
"Sometimes, the levels of serum creatinine have not been measured in the past, and therefore the patient is often first treated as having acute renal failure. Only when blood tests continue to show elevated serum creatinine levels and it is determined that the renal failure is irreversible will the diagnosis be made as chronic renal failure as opposed to the previously assumed acute renal failure. A numerous amount of uremic toxins also accumulate in individuals that have chronic renal failure and are involved in the treatment of standard dialysis."
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End-Stage Chronic Renal Failure, 2005.
This paper discusses an educational program for patients with end-stage chronic renal failure.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that end-stage kidney disease occurs immediately prior to chronic renal failure in which the kidney is no longer able to provide its necessary physiological functions. The author points out that patients in end-stage chronic renal failure typically are engaged to some degree in the dialysis process, but complete chronic renal failure will create a new series of lifestyle changes for the patient. The paper provides a comprehensive lesson plan for a patient who is undergoing end-stage chronic renal failure.
From the Paper
"End-stage kidney disease occurs immediately prior to chronic renal failure, in which the kidney is no longer able to provide its necessary physiological functions. Patients in end-stage chronic renal failure typically are engaged in the dialysis process to some degree, but complete chronic renal failure will create a new series of lifestyle changes for the patient. This paper is designed to provide a brief yet comprehensive lesson plan for a patient who is undergoing end-stage chronic renal failure. Conditions of End-Stage Chronic Renal Failure The patient undergoing end-stage chronic renal failure has a new set of physiological burdens applied. The kidney is no longer able to effectively process the body's wastes or play its role as the foremost regulator of the body's blood supply."
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Acute Renal Failure, 2004.
An extensive analysis of the kidneys and acute renal failure.
4,756 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a colorful and detailed explanation of the function of the kidneys. The paper offers many diagrams to illustrate the material discussed. The paper also includes extensive research on acute and chronic renal failure. The paper examines acute renal failure by providing a case study on the subject.
Outline
Introduction
Mechanisms of Fluid Regulation
Acute Renal Failure Pathophysiology
Clinical Manifestations
Treatment
Diet
Drug Treatment
Case Study
References
From the Paper
"The adrenal medulla functions as part of the autonomic nervous system. Stimulation of preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers causes release of epinephrine and noreepinephrine. These regulate metabolic pathways to promote catabolism of stored fuels to meet caloric needs from endogenous sources. Epinephrine is the key player in the 'fight or flight' response. The adrenal cortex produces three steroid hormones. Glucocorticoids affect blood glucose levels using the negative feedback system. Mineralcorticoids exert their major efforts on electrolyte balance. Androgens effects are similar to male sex hormones."
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End Stage Renal Failure, 2006.
A review of nursing management for end stage renal failure.
1,111 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the nursing management strategy that adopts Callista Roy's adaptation model when engaged in the rehabilitation of an end state renal failure patient. The paper further discusses the need for identifying the reasons for renal failure and the role of the nurse at this end stage.
Overview:
Assessment of Behavior
Physiologic-Physical
Self-concept and group identity
Role Function
Interdependence
Nursing Diagnosis
Intervention
Evaluation
From the Paper
"What role must the nurse play within the family dynamic? Does the patient understand his or her illness? If not, must the nurse act as an educator? Does the nurse need to mediate between family members, or provide advice as to how to secure the means of self-care? For example, during a family interview, does the family seem to understand the seriousness of the patient's condition, and are they acting as aids to ensure the current course of treatment is realized? For example, do they allow the patient to 'cheat' on his or her diet? Do they and are they capable of providing emotional, and if necessary, financial or physical support, when the patient is outside of the hospital environment?"
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End Stage Renal Disease, 2008.
This paper discuses treatments for end stage renal disease.
1,870 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that dialysis is a treatment for end-stage renal disease, in which a machine is used to act as the patient's healthy kidneys. The author describes two types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The paper recommends kidney transplantation where the patient receives a new kidney, either from a living or deceased donor. The author points out that kidney transplant patients have been shown to live as long as the average non-transplant patient without the burden of spending large amounts of time on dialysis. The paper relates that, while both treatments are covered eighty percent financially by the federal government end-stage renal disease program, the cost is higher for patients with dialysis than for transplantation. The paper states that no action is sometimes chosen by the patient who feel that the burdens of dialysis or transplantation outweigh the benefits.
From the Paper
"Kidney transplantations come with some complications and stresses. Waiting for the transplant can cause stress in patients. The National Kidney Foundation says that over 73,000 people are on the waiting list, and twelve of those people die every day waiting for a kidney. Anti-rejection medications lower the immune system allowing for higher susceptibility to illness. Although severe transplant rejection occurs in less than twenty-five percent of patients, patients are required to take anti-rejection medication daily according to MedicineNet, Inc."
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End-Stage Renal Disease, 2008.
An analysis of the restrictions placed on the diet of a patient undergoing dialysis of end-stage renal disease.
1,487 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the importance of nutrition in end stage renal failure disease versus non-diseased people. It begins by discussing the causes of end-stage renal disease and its recommended treatment. The paper then discusses nutrition in the pre-dialysis and dialysis patient. The paper specifically looks at the restrictions that must be placed on the diet of a patient undergoing dialysis.
Outline:
Causes
Treatment
Nutrition in the Pre-dialysis and Dialysis Patients
From the Paper
"The definitive treatment of ESRD is the initiation of dialysis (peritoneal or hemodialysis) or renal transplantation with control or eradication of the cause of the kidney disease. However, nutritional support in the patient with end-stage renal disease must take into account the fragile electrolyte balance maintained by the remaining functional nephrons. Nutritional support in these patients most importantly takes into account the stage at which the patient is in. Protein restriction (0.6 g/kg/day) combined with a balanced, calorie-sufficient diet (35 kcal/kg/day) and phosphorus supplementation of up to 10 g/kg/day is the diet of choice for stage 3, 4 and 5CRD patients (Skorecki, Green & Brenner, 2005). Protein restriction is the most important component, which avoids the problem of urea nitrogen accumulation from the catabolism of the n-terminals of excess protein. Other organ system disorders are treated separately."
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Nursing and Renal Failure, 2008.
This paper examines how patients cope with chronic renal disease and provides a personal view.
1,015 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The writer discusses the coping abilities, beliefs and relationships of clients dealing with chronic renal disease as well as her personal beliefs about family, health and hope. The writer focuses on a case study of a client with renal disease undergoing hemodialysis and shows how patients face a lot of challenges in their lives, notwithstanding the physiological and psychological stress of this condition. The writer also offers several personal reflections regarding the experience.
Outline:
Introduction
Patient Case
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Currently, her problems during dialysis include leg cramping, for which hypertonic saline and locally applied pressure were given and done, respectively with relief of cramping. She also complained of easy fatigability of her left forearm and hand, especially when doing repetitive tasks, which was also the arm used for hemodialysis vascular access. This was also associated with blanching of her fingers. Other problems include being underweight, for which IDPN at each dialysis session was given. She was also advised by her physician of the need for a sufficient calorie reserve due to her increased risk for systemic infection and fractures, the former exemplified by a recent bout of pneumonia. "
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End-Stage Renal Disease, 2002.
A research proposal to explore the lived experiences of adolescents with end-stage renal disease.
1,933 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper is a proposed study to examine the "lived experience" of adolescents with end stage renal disease (ESRD). The research compiles and organizes the perceived experiences of young people (13 to 16 years of age) as they relate to living (and in some cases dying) with ESRD. The lived experience approach consists of the collection of narrative accounts (through semi-structured interview processes) of patients experiences of a given illness. In order that the proposed research may be fully understood, it provides some background information on ESRD in the adolescent population.
Outline
Introduction
Purpose
Significance
Review of the Literature
Methods
Research Approach
Human Subjects
Data Gathering Methods
Informed Consent
Budget
Appendix A
Appendix B
From the Paper
"The physical and medical demands of renal disease on children and their parents have been studied and understood for many years now (Stover, 1994). However, very little focus has been placed on one other very important part of the disease, namely the actual day or day perceptions of the children regarding the effects of the disease upon their bodies, minds and spirits. This study, by examining the phenomenological aspect of the disease is significantly in that it contributes to an under-researched area of the literature. Moreover, the findings of this study can be used by health care workers as well as policy makers to better meet the entire range of needs (mental, emotional and physical) experienced by children with this condition."
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Diabetes: Pathophysiology and Treatment, 2006.
A review of the disease diabetes mellitus, it's symptoms, treatment and the problems that the disease can possibly cause.
4,004 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses diabetes mellitus, an extremely common disease which becomes more prevalent every day in industrialized countries. According to the paper, diabetes is a multifactorial condition that can cause multiple problems with multiple physical systems, that include the cardiovascular, renal and visual systems. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the different types of diabetes, the causes of risk factors for each one, the symptoms of the disease and how the disease is diagnosed. The paper discusses the role of insulin within the treatment of diabetes and also ventures into some of the newer treatments for diabetes, which include new methods of insulin delivery, stem cell treatment and other promising discoveries.
Outline:
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Disease and Pathophysiology
Chapter 2 -Insulin Treatment
Chapter 3 - New Treatment Options
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The development of transgenic mice which express a protein called hepatocyte growth factor holds another possibility as a treatment for diabetes. By encouraging the growth of pancreatic islet cells, this may allow beta cell proliferation, an increase in the total mass of islet cells and ultimately an increase in the production of insulin. To date, the development of HGF has only worked in vitro, but the findings on the transgenic mice in vivo showed a significantly decreased blood glucose level, increased pancreatic insulin levels as compared to controls and an increase in the volume of islet cells.
Probably the most important treatment option on the horizon is the use of stem cells for the treatment of diabetes. Before the issue of stem cell use can be discussed, the pathophysiology of stem cells in the treatment of chronic diseases must be discussed. At its most basic level, a stem cell is defined in two ways. A stem cell can divide indefinitely, producing identical cellular offspring. And stems cells can, under the right physiological circumstances, undergo an asymmetrical division resulting in two dissimilar daughter cells. "
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When the Kidneys Fail, 2008.
This paper looks at the management and implications of renal failure.
1,364 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that kidneys are fist-sized, bean-shaped organs, which are located at the lowest part of the rib cage and the sides of the spine. Their major function is to remove waste products and excess fluids from the body in the form of urine. The writer points out that damage to the kidneys or reduced kidney functions can constitute chronic kidney disease or CKD. Chronic renal failure consists of a progressive loss of kidney function from disease or another cause. In addition, the writer explains that untreated CKD may lead to kidney or renal failure. The condition may need to be treated with dialysis or kidney transplantation. The writer discusses the symptoms, diagnosis and possible treatment of chronic kidney disease and renal failure.
Outline:
Psychosocial and Physiological Changes
Dietary Changes
Management and Implications
Diagnostic Strategy and Differential
From the Paper
"Dialysis performs the function of the kidneys but does not cure the disease or prevent possible complications. It may even cause those complications and even reduce one's quality of life. Hemodialysis sends the blood through a dialyzer and goes back to the body after eliminating toxins and excess fluid. It is usually done thrice a week, each time for 3 to 5 hours or more. Common negative reactions are fluid and electrolyte imbalances, hypotension, light-headedness, leg cramps, nausea and vomiting. The other type is peritoneal dialysis, which uses the peritoneum to filter the blood without removing it from the body. It uses dialysate, which is later drained through a peritoneal catheter. Peritonitis is the most common complication. A study of 336 hemodialysis and 185 peritoneal dialysis patients undergoing both types found that peritoneal dialysis was a preference 1.5 times more. The quality of care, freedom of choice and cost are major reasons for their choice. Physicians, however, prefer hemodialysis because of reimbursement trends."
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Hemodialysis, 2005.
An overview of hemodialysis and its use in treating renal failure.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes hemodialysis, which is used to treat patients suffering from renal failure. The paper begins by explaining renal failure. Next the paper discusses the need for dialysis, explains how it is preformed, and assesses its effects -- both positive and negative -- on the patient. The paper also investigates potential complications, particularly with regard to arteriovenous fistulas, which are essential for connecting the patient to the dialysis machine. The paper concludes by reviewing other side-effects of renal failure, such as anemia and high blood pressure, and their treatment.
From the Paper
"When the kidneys are functioning normally, they regulate the chemical composition of the blood, particularly sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. They also remove extra fluid to form urine, as well as drugs and toxins..."
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Hemodialysis, 2002.
An analysis of the treatment of hemodialysis for renal disease patients, including a look at the nurse's role in the treatment.
3,445 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the impact of hemodialysis on End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients. The paper discusses the vital role played by the nurse, in hemodialysis treatments. The paper outlines the different treatments available to ESRD patients, and focuses on the option of hemodialysis. This treatment is explained in detail, including the praticalities of how it works and what it does, and the costs involved. The paper presents the option for ESRD patients, of undergoing the treatment in the hospital or at home. Statistics are provided regarding the patients choices as well as regarding the different costs.
Introduction
Hemodialysis as the Choice of Treatment
The Increasing Role of Hemodialysis Nurse
How Nurses Develop Themselves
Bibliography
From the Paper
"It is a difficult condition of a kidney failure when one's kidney could no longer carry out the proper metabolism system to eliminate waste products. Kidney is the essential organ that is responsible in waste elimination, including others like detoxification process of drugs and toxic materials, also in controlling water balance, salt balance, blood pressures and secrete hormones (Crawford, 2002). When both kidneys fail to function, which comes to the End Stage Renal Disease, there is suddenly a loss of control to the fluid balance. The kidney cannot filter the fluid and therefore metabolism waste, toxic, salt and water accumulate in the blood, causing swell on the tissues, high blood pressure and heart disease. Until now, there is no medication offered to cure ESRD. The current treatments to this disease are hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or kidney transplant."
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Management of ESRD, 2002.
Examines the management of the End State Renal Disease (ESRD) patients by licensed and unlicensed practitioners.
7,823 words (approx. 31.3 pages), 45 sources, APA, $ 169.95
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Abstract
The prevalence of patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) has increased and efforts to control cost and meet managed care demands for lower reimbursements, have resulted in the increased use of unlicensed personnel in dialysis treatment centers. This paper compares the confidence and competence of licensed and unlicensed dialysis providers and identifies the differences between the two groups. The paper then focuses on ESRD literature investigating the prevalence and economics, the introduction of unlicensed personnel, the consequences of too few licensed personnel, future trends, differences found in personnel, and theoretical framework for this study. Finally, the paper discusses the methodology that was employed in the investigation between licensed and unlicensed personell and divides the discussion into five sections - Research Design, Subjects and Sampling, Instrumentation, Procedure and Data Analysis.
From the Paper
"Be this as it may, there is such a shortage of nephrology nurses that it may ultimately mean rethinking the way non-licensed personnel are used, and may in fact require expanded roles for them (Robbins, 1999). Vogel (1999) reports there is an increased use of permanent catheters (tunneled cuffed catheters) in chronic dialysis units. As it stands now, California law prohibits dialysis technicians from accessing permanent catheters (Business and Professions Code Section: 1247-1247.9). There is a critical shortage of nephrologists and the technician's training programs have not kept up with the rapid developments in hemodialysis technology, which may have led to related safety problems (Nissenson & Rettig, 1999; Rolston (1993)."
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