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The Harlem Renaissance, 2008.
This paper discusses the Harlem Renaissance as a period of changing times, especially for African Americans.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Harlem Renaissance, also known as the Black Literary Renaissance and The New Negro Movement, began in the neighborhood of Harlem in New York City. The author points out that the Harlem Renaissance promoted changes in music, literature, poetry and architecture. The paper relates that these changes started in the black community following the abolition of slavery and were quickened as a consequence of World War I. The author underscores that the Harlem Renaissance can be seen as the African-American cultural response to the great social and cultural changes taking place in America in the early twentieth century under the influence of industrialization and the start of a new mass culture. The paper describes Georgia Douglas Johnson, who wrote poetry and plays as an important player in this literary and cultural movement.
Outline:
I. The History of the Harlem Renaissance
A. The way the Harlem Renaissance started
B. How the Harlem Renaissance got its name
II. The changes that were made
A. The change in politics
B. The changes in the arts
III. Georgia Douglas Johnson
A. A brief biography
B. Her influence on the Harlem Renaissance
From the Paper
"The Harlem Renaissance was a time of excitement and change for all of those who participated. It took many people to change the things that these people changed. Everything changed from music, art, movies, and politics. Many African- Americans from the southern states moved to Harlem during this time. The African- American community had established a middle class in many cities, with New York City being one. This time of movement can be referred to as the Great Migration. The Great Migration brought thousands of African- Americans to the northern cities like Cleveland, Chicago, and Philadelphia."
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The Renaissance Man and Woman, 2007.
This paper defines the qualities of the ideal Renaissance man or woman.
1,162 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the qualities deemed necessary for one to be considered a renaissance man or woman. These characteristics are taken from literary sources of the Renaissance. The features of the Renaissance man and woman suggest at once a superficial concern with appearances and at the same time an appreciation for the innate talents and abilities of every human being. The author takes issue with the lack of morality placed on the Renaissance man or women.
From the Paper
"Physical prowess and mastery of weaponry are essential skills for Castiglione's Renaissance man. Both men and woman are victims of their physical endowments. According to Castiglione, being too tall or too short can hinder the development of a man's athletic skills (p. 34). The Renaissance man is also literally well-rounded: he should be agile and strong, with "shapely" limbs (Castiglione, p. 30, line 26). Renaissance women must also fulfill specific requirements. Though they should develop their bodies as well as their minds, Renaissance women should not undertake strenuous activities, as even dancing too energetically can impede her "womanly sweetness," (Castiglione, p. 35, line 192). Neither men nor women should take sport--or anything else--too seriously because being well-rounded is more important than being a specialist. At the same time, both Castiglione and Alberti infer an appreciation for the diligent development of specific talents and skills, whether tennis, dancing, or archery. Therefore, the ideal person is not a dilettante. When the Renaissance man or woman becomes proficient at something, he or she can show that skill off in polite company, though without conceit. Being what modern people would call "cool" is a key component of the Renaissance ideal. Castiglione calls that feature "nonchalance," and the Renaissance man and woman should be talented and modest at the same time."
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High Renaissance, 2004.
An insight into the High Renaissance era of art history.
1,168 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Renaissance movement, which took place in Europe from the early 14th to late 16th century, and witnessed a revival of interest in the values and artistic styles of classical antiquity, especially in Italy. In particular, it looks at how the culmination of the artistic revolution of the Early Renaissance led to what is now known as the High Renaissance to signify the period of explosion of creative genius, producing as it did the work of great artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo. It examines how High Renaissance Art touched unparalleled heights of creative expression because it brought the artist?s personal expression into well-established techniques and style, thereby increasing the dramatic force and physical presence of a work of art . It also shows how an essential characteristic of High Renaissance Art is seen as its unified balance between technical skill and the artist?s intuition or personal expression.
From the Paper
"Leonardo da Vinci?s The Madonna of the Rocks exists in two, nearly identical versions; one, entirely credited to Leonardo, in the Louvre, Paris and the second, considered a collaboration because of its distinctly sixteenth century characteristics of larger figures, in London?s National Gallery. Both versions depict a supposed meeting of the Christ Child and the infant saint John. The painting shows the infant Baptist, sheltering under Mary?s cloak, venerating the Christ Child in a cool, watery wilderness. The figures, grouped in a pyramid, are glimpsed in a dimly lit grotto setting of rocks and water, a setting that inspired the work?s name."
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Renaissance, 2007.
This paper provides an examination of the Renaissance period.
1,730 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that for most historians and scholars, determining exactly when the Renaissance Period began has proven to be very difficult, but the majority believe that the embryo of the Renaissance era began in the early 15th century. The writer discusses the Renaissance period when the most influential men and women were those who, as a combined force, literally changed the way that humans think about the natural world and their existence within it. The writer maintains that the Renaissance period was indeed a time of triumph and artistic mastery and greatly shaped and convoluted the then known world. Further, the writer relates that it witnessed the growth and development of architecture, sculpture and painting as never before in the history of Western civilization. The writer concludes that the masters of the Renaissance created what today is called fine art.
From the Paper
"The grandson of Cosimo de Medici was Lorenzo the Magnificent who went far beyond his grandfather in regards to accumulating masterpieces of art and the men who created them. As a poet, Lorenzo gathered about him an immense plethora of artists from all fields of study and extended his grandfather's library at Florence which helped to establish one of the first European centers for academic instruction in the arts, known as the Platonic Academy of Philosophy. Lorenzo also spend huge sums of money on the refurbishment of buildings and festivals dedicated to the arts."
"Thus, through the combined power and influence of the de Medici, the city of Florence became one of great beauty and stood as the capital of all the arts in Europe for more than two hundred years. Also, this flourishing of the arts in Florence resulted in tremendous growth in other European cities and extended well into the northern regions of Europe to create what is known as the Northern Renaissance."
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Irish Renaissance, 2005.
A look the Irish Renaissance of literature and culture at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries.
1,203 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that many of the writers of the Irish Renaissance often memorialized the new nationalist sentiments arising in Ireland and the increased tensions between Ireland and Britain in their writings. The paper notes that the Irish Renaissance was both a renaissance of Irish themes and a reminder that Ireland was not a full country with full autonomy, creating a tension that many of the writers would explore in their works.
From the Paper
"For example, William Butler Yeats is identified with the mythology of early Ireland, and his works feature the stories of the Irish hero Cuchulain in particular. This mythic background is part of what gives the poet his distinctive voice. At the same time, the poet often chafes against the mythology, as if the truths it shapes for him were false. Yeats made reference to other mythologies as well, notably those of the ancient Greeks and Romans, but he seemed less concerned with those references, perhaps because he knew that those mythic stories were better known to the world at large. He may have feared that his poetry was understandable only to the Irish and not to the world at large. Yeats expresses his love for his country and its people and does so in poetry that elevates nature while finding the other-worldly in that nature at the same time, which is often where the mythology enters as well."
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Music and Performing Arts, Renaissance to Today, 2007.
A discussion of music and drama, from the Renaissance era until today.
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the influence that music and performing arts have had on human culture and society, focusing on the Renaissance period. The paper explains that in the early part of the Renaissance, the role of music was tremendously important as polyphony became more simplified in the Renaissance, generally "smoother" and more harmonious overall. The paper notes that there is no doubt that the technological impact of recording technologies, beginning with the phonograph and leading up to today's CDs and DVDs, has had an impact upon the individual enjoyment and distribution of music and dramatic art forms (especially film), unprecedented since the invention of the printing press in the Renaissance. In conclusion, the paper shows that today, the Internet has hugely assisted in enabling individuals to share such work among themselves, though not to the point of alleviating the isolating influence of technology or to creating a new form of communal experience.
From the Paper
"In the early part of the Renaissance, the role of religion, that is to say, the church as an organization and social unifying force, was still prominent above all else. Nation-states had not yet arisen to assert their claim on peoples' loyalty. The church represented stability and social cohesion in a world of uncertainty and danger from many sources: feudal overlords, weak central governments, and unpredictable weather and harvests. The role of music was thus tremendously important too in this period. Polyphony became more simplified in the Renaissance, and generally "smoother" and more harmonious overall."
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Italian Renaissance and Artists, 2004.
An examination of the influence that Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael had on the European culture during the Renaissance.
2,508 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
Renaissance (?Rebirth?) refers to the period after the Middle Ages when a series of dynamic intellectual, cultural, and artistic movements, from the 14th to 16th century, catapulted Europe towards rapid development, leading to the Age of Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution and modern times. During this rich period of exciting developments in arts, sciences, and politics, Italy was the major catalyst and became the cultural leader of Europe. It also produced several outstanding artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael, who changed the face of European art forever and are worthy representatives of the Renaissance era. This paper is about the Italian Renaissance and the impact of the three great artists on European culture.
Outline
Background
Italian Renaissance and its Emphasis on Art
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)
Raphael (1483-1520)
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The period following the eclipse of the Roman Empire around 500 AD until the start of the ?Renaissance? at the start of the 14th century is known in history as the Middle Ages of Europe. The period saw the rise of Christianity and the power of the Church that became a major influence in culture as well as politics. The Christian doctrine focused on salvation and the life hereafter and de-emphasized the worldly life and possessions. The period also saw the rise and spread of Islam, although most of Europe remained under the Byzantine Empire and a fragmented West. Italy?s cities and towns in general became largely depopulated and the country, as a whole, became a rural society after the fall of the Roman Empire. This situation lasted until the 11th-12th century when Italy?s strategic location on the trade routes between Western Europe and the Muslim world and Asia helped revive commercial and trade activity in the region."
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Renaissance Sculpture, 2002.
Compares the "Davids" by Donatello and Michelangelo to show how both pieces epitomize their periods and styles.
1,722 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The division of Renaissance art into three distinct periods began with Giorgio Vasari, the great Florentine art historian and chronicler of the lives of the artists. Vasari concluded, based on his universally accepted perception of Michelangelo as ?Il Divino,? that Renaissance art reached its most sublime expression in the works of Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. However, some modern art historians wonder how valid or valuable this categorization and consequential value judgment is. Roberta J. M. Olson challenges the very existence of a ?High Renaissance,? on the grounds that ?the term is artificial, a qualitative judgment of ?High? signifying the best,? The paper shows that there are surely noticeable differences in the vivid expressions of Italian Renaissance art from the fifteenth to the sixteenth centuries. Art from the early period of the Renaissance sprouted from the preceding medieval and Gothic artistic traditions, with their emphasis on dramatic facial expressions and compositions. This is especially evident in the sculptural arts, those three-dimensional figures that rendered the human form with increasing idealism. The paper shows that this trend toward idealistic renditions of the human face and figure directly derived from a revived interest in the Classical arts of ancient Greece and Rome. In fact, Renaissance art in general is defined by its classical motifs, materials, and mannerisms. Donatello signified this coming together of two artistic and philosophical traditions in the early periods of the Renaissance in Florence. A century later, Michelangelo Buonarotti built upon Donatello?s earlier contributions to Italian art and sculpture in particular. The paper explains that although the works of Michelangelo defy categorization, his is generally considered to be ?instrumental in creating the High Renaissance,? and is heralded as that period?s hallmark of all the works available for research by art historians, the two that most epitomize their periods and styles and which are most easily comparable because of their similar subject matter are Donatello?s and Michelangelo?s statues of David. This paper therefore examines and discusses these two pieces and show how they characterize the time periods they represent.
From the Paper
"Moreover, Donatello?s David signifies the budding Renaissance style because it incorporates distinctive classical elements. These elements would later mature in the corresponding David by Michelangelo. Nevertheless, while Donatello preserved Biblical accuracy in his rendition of David slaying Goliath, he also paid tribute to the sculpture of ancient Greece and Rome. His David, in fact, is almost Mercurial with its pagan-influenced hat and its adorning wreath. Here, Christianity and paganism coexist in one statue. Michelangelo?s later version had none of this; in fact, Michelangelo did away with the image of Goliath altogether to focus solely on the stature of the hero?as if he perceived David as more of an ancient athlete than a Christian warrior. Similarly, Michelangelo underemphasized the actual struggle between David and Goliath: instead of a sword placed valiantly in the foreground as it is in Donatello?s, Michelangelo?s David sports a barely noticeable sling."
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Origins of the Renaissance, 2003.
An overview of four different theories concerning the origins of the Renaissance.
2,574 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This historiography paper contrasts the opinions of four historians on the topic of the origins of the Renaissance in Europe. It divides the historians into two camps, those who favor periodization and those who perceive continuity. It looks at how some historians have classified the Italian Renaissance, originating in the fifteenth century, as unique since it is believed to be the birth of the modern state while other historians argue that the Italian Renaissance is simply a continuation of the Middle Ages, since characteristics associated with it can be found in earlier centuries. The historians studied are Jacob Burkhardt, Erwin Panofsky, Johan Huizinga and Charles Homer Haskins.
From the Paper
"Historians favouring periodization, like Burckhardt, argue the Renaissance was, at least in part, the result of the dynamic political structure emerging, occurring primarily in Italy, whereas those believing in continuity from the medieval period, like Haskins, tend to maintain that many states were experiencing a rise in bureaucracy, but did not embark upon large scale cultural revolutions. In Burckhardt?s opinion the feudalism of medieval France, Spain and England naturally evolved into a monarchy, and that in Germany feudal lords continued to maintain unity in the empire, but Italy was different in that the remnants of feudalism were almost gone."
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The Renaissance, "Dr Faustus" and "Richard III", 2005.
This paper examines Shakespeare's "Richard III" and Christopher Marlowe's "Dr Faustus" in light of a definition of the term "Renaissance".
2,343 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper presents an understanding of the term "Renaissance" that shows both Marlowe's "Dr Faustus" and Shakespeare's "Richard III" as indicative of an era concerned with the questioning of fundamental ideas and immense exploration. The paper also explains the term "Renaissance" as indicative of moral turmoil as we see morality playing a major role in both works. The paper interprets the literature as making us consider what are essentially universal human problems, this being a major preoccupation of that era known as the "Renaissance".
From the Paper
"The term 'Renaissance' literally means rebirth. There are many views as to the exact dates of the Renaissance period in history, and indeed the essential characteristics of this 'rebirth'. For this essay, I will take the term to indicate the period in history between the early fourteenth century and the late sixteenth century, a time of exploration and 'a time of intellectual ferment that laid the foundations for the thinkers and scientists of the 17th Century.' This human endeavour inevitably lead to a renewed questioning of old ideas and was aided by the invention of the printing press, which made ancient works including Greek and Latin classics and the Bible available to the public for critical reading. This in turn lead to a new approach to religion in general, which can be seen in the later reform of the church from Catholic to Protestant. This change in the church is today known as the Reformation, and can be defined as a secularisation of the church which ended the ecclesiastical supremacy of the Pope and placed a new emphasis on the relationship of the individual to God."
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The Medici of Renaissance Florence, 1996.
An overview of the contribution of the Medici family to Florence and the Renaissance.
1,399 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Renaissance was the cultural explosion in Europe, which was heard around the world whose roots trace back to Florence. It looks at how, for most of this time, Florence was ruled by various members of the Medici family, who encouraged Renaissance virtues throughout society and how, during Italy's Renaissance period of the 15th century, the Medicis provided the main impetus for the flourishing of commerce, humanism, and art in Florence.
From the Paper
"The Medici were never officially heads of the state; they gained influence through other means. Florence was a city of banking, and the Medici was its family of credit. The Medici family spread its banks across Italy in an effort to generate profit through by offering credit to Italian citizens. As the Medici became richer and richer, the merchants and other financially secure citizens whom they served took on positions of influence in Italian and Florentine governmental committees. The Medici "did not regularly serve in high office, but exercised power through [these] intermediate councils and committees, the membership of which [they] usually controlled." It was through their control of governmental committees that the Medici directed Florence's growth."
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Pope Martin V and The Roman Renaissance, 2001.
Examination of the life of Pope Martin V after his coronation as Pope in what began the Roman Renaissance.
7,168 words (approx. 28.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 160.95
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Abstract
This research paper focuses on the life of Pope Martin V after his coronation as Pope in 1417, thus beginning the era of the Roman Renaissance. The paper examines how he laid the foundations for the Renaissance, the radical changes that took place in culture and society during the Renaissance and how Pope Martin V continued to influence these changes even after his death.
From the Paper
"The Renaissance was an exciting, albeit confusing for some, time in European history. It produced many great masters of artistry and influenced later reformations of the church and of government. It is proof that radical changes in culture and society are long-standing and affect many generations to come. Pope Martin V could not possibly have known that his election would go down in history as the end of the Great Schism and the beginning of what history would call the ?Renaissance.? Those who are living during a time period cannot fathom that someday, that era will be famous for its culture, art, ideals, and diversions. Had Pope Martin V lived to see the Renaissance, he might have been a bit alarmed at the radical change from a focus on the religious to a focus on the secular. Being an open-minded man, however, Martin most likely would have appreciated the great artistry of the Renaissance. Even if he didn?t embrace it with open arms, Martin would have come to an understanding with those who did."
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W.B. Yeats and the Irish Renaissance, 2004.
Discussion of W.B. Yeats's participation in the Irish Renaissance theater movement.
1,415 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
W.B. Yeats was instrumental in the Irish Renaissance theater and literary movement, but critics claim that much of the movement has more to do with fairies and folklore than the hard reality of Irish history. This paper discusses these issues and concludes that, whether the works from the Irish Renaissance were idealized versions of Ireland's history written by leprechaun fanciers, or whether the literary movement's authors were attempting to bend history to suit their political tastes, the fact remains that the Irish Renaissance did help to reshape the Irish people's view of their past and how they saw themselves in the present.
From the Paper
"Blair-Ewart's argument is twofold. First, he sees the interpreters of Irish mythology and ancient chronicles as having only a superficial, subjective knowledge of Irish history that has no deep understanding of the causes or context of historically significant events. Blair-Ewart argues the Irish Renaissance authors interpreted events out of context with little or no historical evidence. This can be seen in Yeats' gleaning of folktales from peasants and publishing them as genuine Irish mythologies with little substantiation. Second, Blair-Ewart contends that the people behind the Irish Renaissance were attempting to use the past to help solve the problems of the present."
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The Rape of Women in the Renaissance Period, 2005.
This paper discusses women during the Renaissance period and looks in particular at the subject of rape.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 3 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The following assignment is a third year history assignment. The topic of this paper is women in the Renaissance period. The writer looked at how rape was treated in the Renaissance period. Essentially the writer argues that rape is not considered a significant issue in the Renaissance period because women were not considered people. The writer maintains that women were considered as property and so rape was not considered as a serious matter.
From the Paper
"The role of women in the Renaissance period was filled with a wide range of contradictions. In many cases women were seen as the most wonderful creations in the universe. For example, in the 'Most Infamous Revenge' Lisarda states, Octavia, six years older than her brother, was one of the most beautiful women of that kingdom without even taking into account her charm, her abilities, her elegance, and her intelligence. Anyone even imagining that she might look ugly, who simply heard her without seeing her, would have praised her beauty."
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The Italian Renaissance, 2005.
A brief analysis of the notion that what characterized the Italian renaissance was a sense of human power and a glorification of human activity.
1,383 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
Beginning with a definition of the term renaissance, this paper explores, through specific examples of writing, art and architecture, how and why the Italian renaissance may be characterized as a glorification of human power and human activity. Petrarch and his contemporaries are presented as examples of a return to classical idealism in Europe. Further, an exploration of the dignity of man, as well as renaissance art and architecture are detailed, giving weight to the paper's thesis. Specific art examples discussed in the paper include the Merode Altarpiece (1425-1428) by Master of Flemalle, Michelangelo Buonarrotis' David and Bramante's Tempietto.
From the Paper
"The Renaissance, from the French word renaissance and the Italian word rinascita, both meaning rebirth, is considered by some to have officially begun in 1341 when Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374) was crowned in Rome with the Laurel wreath, the ancient symbol of victory and merit. Petrarch, as one of the first humanist writers, explored modern life through the lens of the ancient Romans and Greeks. Both Petrarch and his contemporary Boccaccio (1313-1375) "were famous in their own day as poets, scholars and men of letters - their achievements equivalent in honor to those of the heroes of civic virtue." As the word humanism suggests, the principle concerns of its advocates were human values and human interests, which are distinct from, but not entirely opposed to, the other worldly values of Christianity."
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