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Renaissance and Mannerist Painting, 2005.
A comparative analysis of Raphael's "Baldasarre Castiglione" and Bronzino's "Portrait of a Young Man."
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the differences in High Renaissance and Mannerist portraiture through an examination of two key figures in the history of art, Raphael and Bronzino. It also shows how the compare and contrast method is a useful technique for students of art history to focus on the most important aspects and key differences of each respective work and artist.
From the Paper
"Raphael's 1514 oil work Baldassare Castiglione is an excellent example of the artist's portraiture. The subject, the above-mentioned friend of Raphael, Baldassare Castiglione, is portrayed from the waist up, or in half-length. Castiglione is richly garbed in darkly coloured clothing of black and purple, and capped in a dark coloured hat. The life-like Castiglione beholds the viewer directly, though his body and head are not rigidly frontal, but at a three-quarter view; one is reminded of the three-quarter view used in the Mona Lisa. Indeed, such a view became popular in the 1500's. Baldassare Castiglione is one of several works Raphael painted in Rome."
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Two Renaissance Paintings, 2008.
This paper compares the two Renaissance art pieces, "Mars and Venus United by Love" (c. 1570) painted by Paolo Veronese and "The Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes" (c. 1545-50) painted by Tintoretto.
1,238 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
Some painting styles are associated with certain regions and certain time periods, and in the Renaissance, artists from certain cities would express their version of a style and even a subject matter. Two such instances from the Venetian area in the sixteenth century are discussed in this paper, both at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. The first is "Mars and Venus United by Love" (c. 1570) painted by Paolo Veronese, a mythological subject; and the second is "The Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes" (c. 1545-50) painted by Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti).
From the Paper
" Mars is identified by his armaments, though in this case he is identified primarily by the uniform he wears and by the helmet that is on the ground by his feet. His sword is being used by one of the cupids, who used it to keep the horse to the right from moving forward. The weight of the painting shifts the eye to the left side of the frame, as does the lighter coloring of Venus's skin and her chemise, which is tossed across a wall. Against her skin, the darker head of Mars is framed as he gazes down at the Cupid who is tying Venus's leg to that of Mars, suggesting that the title of the painting is to be taken literally. Venus is also watching her Cupid with some indulgence as the knot is tied. The three primary figures in the painting, then, are all shifted to the left, and the way the two principals are gazing forward at the Cupid in the lower left corner causes the viewer as well to shift his or her eyes in that direction and so to see the tying of the knot, the central action of the painting. Additionally, the curve of Mars's back as he leans to the left matches the slight shift of Venus's body to the right to form an arch over the Cupid. Mars holds a dark cloak, which drapes across Venus's lap, and the darkness of the cloak allows the whiteness of Venus's leg and Cupid's skin and wings to stand out even more in the lower corner."
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Botticelli and the Italian Renaissance, 2004.
An examination of how Botticelli's painting, "Mars and Venus", is characteristic of the early Italian Renaissance period.
777 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
"Mars and Venus" by Sandro Botticelli is a typical example of the art of the Early Italian Renaissance. The writer explains how the painting depicts the relaxed goddess of love, Venus, looking over the sleeping form of Mars, the god of war, showing the power of love to conquer violence and war. It points out that "Mars and Venus" falls neatly within the themes of the Italian Renaissance, which focused on the classical works of both Greek and Roman material. The painting also illustrates Botticelli?s ability to capture muted skin tones and create a fantastic and dreamlike atmosphere.
From the Paper
"Born Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi in 1445 in Florence, Italy, Sandro Botticelli became one of the most noted artists of the Early Italian Renaissance. Botticelli was known for his commissions for major churches in Florence, as well as his famed wall frescos on the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican in Rome. He painted a number of famed religious paintings, including "The Adoration of the Magi", "Madonna of the Pomegranate", "The Cestello Annunciation", as well as a number of paintings that depicted Roman and Greek legends, including "Primavera", "The Birth of Venus", "Mars and Venus" (WebMuseum)."
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Renaissance Art Compared, 2002.
A comparison of two paintings (by Domenico di Bartolomeo Ubaldini and Giotto) from the Renaissance period.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper shall compare the themes found in the paintings "Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist and an Angel" by Domenico di Bartolomeo Ubaldini (Puligo) and "Madonna Enthroned" by Giotto. An emphasis on the visible transition in painting techniques from the early to the late Italian Renaissance is discussed.
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The Harlem Renaissance, 2008.
This paper discusses the Harlem Renaissance as a period of changing times, especially for African Americans.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Harlem Renaissance, also known as the Black Literary Renaissance and The New Negro Movement, began in the neighborhood of Harlem in New York City. The author points out that the Harlem Renaissance promoted changes in music, literature, poetry and architecture. The paper relates that these changes started in the black community following the abolition of slavery and were quickened as a consequence of World War I. The author underscores that the Harlem Renaissance can be seen as the African-American cultural response to the great social and cultural changes taking place in America in the early twentieth century under the influence of industrialization and the start of a new mass culture. The paper describes Georgia Douglas Johnson, who wrote poetry and plays as an important player in this literary and cultural movement.
Outline:
I. The History of the Harlem Renaissance
A. The way the Harlem Renaissance started
B. How the Harlem Renaissance got its name
II. The changes that were made
A. The change in politics
B. The changes in the arts
III. Georgia Douglas Johnson
A. A brief biography
B. Her influence on the Harlem Renaissance
From the Paper
"The Harlem Renaissance was a time of excitement and change for all of those who participated. It took many people to change the things that these people changed. Everything changed from music, art, movies, and politics. Many African- Americans from the southern states moved to Harlem during this time. The African- American community had established a middle class in many cities, with New York City being one. This time of movement can be referred to as the Great Migration. The Great Migration brought thousands of African- Americans to the northern cities like Cleveland, Chicago, and Philadelphia."
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Renaissance, 2007.
This paper provides an examination of the Renaissance period.
1,730 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that for most historians and scholars, determining exactly when the Renaissance Period began has proven to be very difficult, but the majority believe that the embryo of the Renaissance era began in the early 15th century. The writer discusses the Renaissance period when the most influential men and women were those who, as a combined force, literally changed the way that humans think about the natural world and their existence within it. The writer maintains that the Renaissance period was indeed a time of triumph and artistic mastery and greatly shaped and convoluted the then known world. Further, the writer relates that it witnessed the growth and development of architecture, sculpture and painting as never before in the history of Western civilization. The writer concludes that the masters of the Renaissance created what today is called fine art.
From the Paper
"The grandson of Cosimo de Medici was Lorenzo the Magnificent who went far beyond his grandfather in regards to accumulating masterpieces of art and the men who created them. As a poet, Lorenzo gathered about him an immense plethora of artists from all fields of study and extended his grandfather's library at Florence which helped to establish one of the first European centers for academic instruction in the arts, known as the Platonic Academy of Philosophy. Lorenzo also spend huge sums of money on the refurbishment of buildings and festivals dedicated to the arts."
"Thus, through the combined power and influence of the de Medici, the city of Florence became one of great beauty and stood as the capital of all the arts in Europe for more than two hundred years. Also, this flourishing of the arts in Florence resulted in tremendous growth in other European cities and extended well into the northern regions of Europe to create what is known as the Northern Renaissance."
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Angel's In Italian Renaissance Art, 1994.
Analysis of the position that angels hold in Italian Renaissance art. Focus is on iconography of the Archangels. Describes such paintings as: THE ARCHANGEL MICHAEL; Lotto's THE ANNUNCIATION; & Savoldo's ST. MATHEW & THE ANGEL.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Angels hold a particularly important position in Renaissance art, and the iconography of the Archangels is especially meaningful. The Archangels are the seven angels who stand before God in Revelations. The Koran of Islam only recognizes four and only names two. Christian and Jewish sources agree on the number seven, but there is a debate over who they actually are. Four names appear regularly in these discussions, however--Michael, Gabriel, Rapha-el, and Uri-el. The other three traditional candidates are chosen from Metatron, Remi-el, Sari-el, Ana-el, Ragu-el, and Razi-el (the suffix "el" means "brightness" or "shining"). The Archangels are said to be messengers who carry Divine Decrees, and they are considered the most important intercessionaries between God and humans. It is they who command the legions of Heaven in their constant battle with the Sons of.."
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Renaissance Art, 2004.
This paper discusses Renaissance art, specifically "The Judgment of Paris" by Lucas Cranach the Elder and "The Death of the Virgin" by Caravaggio.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that both paintings represent a distinct style of Renaissance art, but each is from a different period and illustrates the differences that can occur during the same artistic period and the commonalities that hold the period together. The author points out that Cranach's work added much to the German Renaissance. He was the first painter to create full-sized portraits, rather than just portraying the head and shoulders, and the first to create erotic nudes, which were quite popular with private collectors. The paper relates that the many commonalities in these paintings, even though they represent different times in Renaissance artwork, are the use of great detail and the effects of lighting.
From the Paper
"The first painting, "The Judgment of Paris," is tempera and oil on wood. It measures 40-1/2 by 28 inches, and the artist, Lucas Cranach the Elder, painted it sometime around 1528. Cranach was a German painter who lived from 1472 to 1553, and painted in the Northern or German Renaissance style. This painting is executed in the natural style, blending the figures in the foreground with the surrounding landscape. The detailed landscape behind the figures is as well executed as the figures, with detail that draws the eye from the figures to the background and back again. The background even contains a medieval palace on the edge of a soaring cliff, along with a medieval village off in the far valley, with a sailing ship floating peacefully at the village's waterfront."
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High Renaissance, 2004.
An insight into the High Renaissance era of art history.
1,168 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Renaissance movement, which took place in Europe from the early 14th to late 16th century, and witnessed a revival of interest in the values and artistic styles of classical antiquity, especially in Italy. In particular, it looks at how the culmination of the artistic revolution of the Early Renaissance led to what is now known as the High Renaissance to signify the period of explosion of creative genius, producing as it did the work of great artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo. It examines how High Renaissance Art touched unparalleled heights of creative expression because it brought the artist?s personal expression into well-established techniques and style, thereby increasing the dramatic force and physical presence of a work of art . It also shows how an essential characteristic of High Renaissance Art is seen as its unified balance between technical skill and the artist?s intuition or personal expression.
From the Paper
"Leonardo da Vinci?s The Madonna of the Rocks exists in two, nearly identical versions; one, entirely credited to Leonardo, in the Louvre, Paris and the second, considered a collaboration because of its distinctly sixteenth century characteristics of larger figures, in London?s National Gallery. Both versions depict a supposed meeting of the Christ Child and the infant saint John. The painting shows the infant Baptist, sheltering under Mary?s cloak, venerating the Christ Child in a cool, watery wilderness. The figures, grouped in a pyramid, are glimpsed in a dimly lit grotto setting of rocks and water, a setting that inspired the work?s name."
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The American Renaissance in Literature, 2008.
A discussion supporting the claim of an American Renaissance in literature with proof from literature in early American history.
1,464 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the existence of an American Renaissance and supports the claim with evidence from writers from early American history. The paper provides examples from specific works from that period in order to prove that the American Renaissance did occur, and additionally, that the period changed America and the lives of the American people forever.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Birth of the American Renaissance
American Renaissance Authors
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Lastly, the American Renaissance in terms of literature was also characterized by authors who exercised freedom of the written word to speak out against elements in society which were deemed by many to be unacceptable from a moral and legal standpoint. Perhaps the best example of this is "Uncle Tom's Cabin", written by Harriet Beecher Stowe and published in 1852, essentially the highpoint of the American Renaissance. There are those who contend that Stowe's tale of the evils of American slavery was one of the main catalysts that touched off the series of events leading to the American Civil War (McQuade, et al, 1999). Thus, in this case, we see American Renaissance literature as a vehicle for social commentary and change."
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The Renaissance Man and Woman, 2007.
This paper defines the qualities of the ideal Renaissance man or woman.
1,162 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the qualities deemed necessary for one to be considered a renaissance man or woman. These characteristics are taken from literary sources of the Renaissance. The features of the Renaissance man and woman suggest at once a superficial concern with appearances and at the same time an appreciation for the innate talents and abilities of every human being. The author takes issue with the lack of morality placed on the Renaissance man or women.
From the Paper
"Physical prowess and mastery of weaponry are essential skills for Castiglione's Renaissance man. Both men and woman are victims of their physical endowments. According to Castiglione, being too tall or too short can hinder the development of a man's athletic skills (p. 34). The Renaissance man is also literally well-rounded: he should be agile and strong, with "shapely" limbs (Castiglione, p. 30, line 26). Renaissance women must also fulfill specific requirements. Though they should develop their bodies as well as their minds, Renaissance women should not undertake strenuous activities, as even dancing too energetically can impede her "womanly sweetness," (Castiglione, p. 35, line 192). Neither men nor women should take sport--or anything else--too seriously because being well-rounded is more important than being a specialist. At the same time, both Castiglione and Alberti infer an appreciation for the diligent development of specific talents and skills, whether tennis, dancing, or archery. Therefore, the ideal person is not a dilettante. When the Renaissance man or woman becomes proficient at something, he or she can show that skill off in polite company, though without conceit. Being what modern people would call "cool" is a key component of the Renaissance ideal. Castiglione calls that feature "nonchalance," and the Renaissance man and woman should be talented and modest at the same time."
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Renaissance Art, 2005.
An examination of three works of art from the Renaissance era, which contemplate the relationship of God to humanity.
754 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a study of 3 paintings: Sandro Bottecelli's "The Birth of Venus," Jan Van Eyck's "Arnolfini Wedding," and El Greco's "The Spoliation, Christ Stripped of His Garments." It examines how the proper and appropriate relationship of humanity to God and the spiritual realm was one of the most vexing questions of the Renaissance era and how these paintings reflect these ideas.
From the Paper
"The style of Bottecelli's "Birth of Venus" is essentially idealistic regarding the human form showing a Venus rising from the half-shell, with a gauzy web of hair around her. (Webart, 2004) Van Eyck shows a contrasting ordinary couple, filled with the physical accoutrements of marriage around them. Some have seen Van Eyck's work as a parody of middle class aspirations, but it can also be seen as a tribute to the couple, much as "Venus" is a tribute to the personal fascination of the Medici Family with Neo Platonism as a philosophy in art."
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Italian Renaissance and Artists, 2004.
An examination of the influence that Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael had on the European culture during the Renaissance.
2,508 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
Renaissance (?Rebirth?) refers to the period after the Middle Ages when a series of dynamic intellectual, cultural, and artistic movements, from the 14th to 16th century, catapulted Europe towards rapid development, leading to the Age of Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution and modern times. During this rich period of exciting developments in arts, sciences, and politics, Italy was the major catalyst and became the cultural leader of Europe. It also produced several outstanding artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael, who changed the face of European art forever and are worthy representatives of the Renaissance era. This paper is about the Italian Renaissance and the impact of the three great artists on European culture.
Outline
Background
Italian Renaissance and its Emphasis on Art
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)
Raphael (1483-1520)
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The period following the eclipse of the Roman Empire around 500 AD until the start of the ?Renaissance? at the start of the 14th century is known in history as the Middle Ages of Europe. The period saw the rise of Christianity and the power of the Church that became a major influence in culture as well as politics. The Christian doctrine focused on salvation and the life hereafter and de-emphasized the worldly life and possessions. The period also saw the rise and spread of Islam, although most of Europe remained under the Byzantine Empire and a fragmented West. Italy?s cities and towns in general became largely depopulated and the country, as a whole, became a rural society after the fall of the Roman Empire. This situation lasted until the 11th-12th century when Italy?s strategic location on the trade routes between Western Europe and the Muslim world and Asia helped revive commercial and trade activity in the region."
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Music and Performing Arts, Renaissance to Today, 2007.
A discussion of music and drama, from the Renaissance era until today.
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the influence that music and performing arts have had on human culture and society, focusing on the Renaissance period. The paper explains that in the early part of the Renaissance, the role of music was tremendously important as polyphony became more simplified in the Renaissance, generally "smoother" and more harmonious overall. The paper notes that there is no doubt that the technological impact of recording technologies, beginning with the phonograph and leading up to today's CDs and DVDs, has had an impact upon the individual enjoyment and distribution of music and dramatic art forms (especially film), unprecedented since the invention of the printing press in the Renaissance. In conclusion, the paper shows that today, the Internet has hugely assisted in enabling individuals to share such work among themselves, though not to the point of alleviating the isolating influence of technology or to creating a new form of communal experience.
From the Paper
"In the early part of the Renaissance, the role of religion, that is to say, the church as an organization and social unifying force, was still prominent above all else. Nation-states had not yet arisen to assert their claim on peoples' loyalty. The church represented stability and social cohesion in a world of uncertainty and danger from many sources: feudal overlords, weak central governments, and unpredictable weather and harvests. The role of music was thus tremendously important too in this period. Polyphony became more simplified in the Renaissance, and generally "smoother" and more harmonious overall."
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Irish Renaissance, 2005.
A look the Irish Renaissance of literature and culture at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries.
1,203 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that many of the writers of the Irish Renaissance often memorialized the new nationalist sentiments arising in Ireland and the increased tensions between Ireland and Britain in their writings. The paper notes that the Irish Renaissance was both a renaissance of Irish themes and a reminder that Ireland was not a full country with full autonomy, creating a tension that many of the writers would explore in their works.
From the Paper
"For example, William Butler Yeats is identified with the mythology of early Ireland, and his works feature the stories of the Irish hero Cuchulain in particular. This mythic background is part of what gives the poet his distinctive voice. At the same time, the poet often chafes against the mythology, as if the truths it shapes for him were false. Yeats made reference to other mythologies as well, notably those of the ancient Greeks and Romans, but he seemed less concerned with those references, perhaps because he knew that those mythic stories were better known to the world at large. He may have feared that his poetry was understandable only to the Irish and not to the world at large. Yeats expresses his love for his country and its people and does so in poetry that elevates nature while finding the other-worldly in that nature at the same time, which is often where the mythology enters as well."
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