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Reich, Winnicott, Horney on Self, 2006.
Examines views of the self by psychoanalysts, Wilhelm Reich, Donald Winnicott and Karen Horney.
983 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
Orgastic potency, the true self and the false self are three concepts elaborated by Wilhelm Reich, Donald Winnicott and Karen Horney describing the healthy mental (and physical) state that every person should strive to attain. The individual approaches that the three theorists adopted in their analysis of character structure include many divergent notions and a small number of consistencies. The paper provides a comparison of Reich's theories and therapeutic technique with those devised by Winnicott and Horney to underline the departures and similarities between the three concepts.
Outline
I. Comparison
1. Centrality of the Body vs. Object Relations
2. Sources of Neurosis
3. Mechanisms of Character Disorders
a. Reich
b. Winnicott
c. Horney
4. Methods of Effective Therapy
a. Reich
b. Winnicott
c. Horney
References
From the Paper
"Winnicott's therapeutic method reproduces the maternal environment where the analyst plays the part of the mother and the patient that of the child. In the context of interactive play, the analyst encourages the patient to regress to childhood and then, by displaying empathy and meeting the patient's needs, embraces the emergence of his "true self".
For Horney, the objective of therapy is to decrease people's anxiety until they are prepared to let go of their neurotic solution."
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?The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich?, 2005.
This paper is an analysis and chapter-by-chapter summary of William Shirer's "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich".
4,215 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that William Shirer's detailed, first-hand account of the reign of Hitler's Third Reich allows his readers to delve deeply into the dynamics that led to Hitler's success and to his downfall marking the end of the Second World War. The author points out that Shirer expresses antagonism over Hitler's personality and actions as a leader. The paper stresses the Third Reich's inhumane practices against the Jewry and the Nazi government's blatant practice of plunder and corruption.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Birth of the Third Reich
Chapter 2: Birth of the Nazi Party
Chapter 3: Versailles, Weimar and the Beer Hall Putsch
Chapter 4: The Mind of Hitler and the Roots of the Third Reich
Chapter 5: The Road to Power: 1925-31
Chapter 7: The Nazification of Germany: 1933-34
Chapter 8: Life in the Third Reich: 1933-37
Chapter 9: The First Steps: 1934-37
Chapter 10: Strange, Fateful Interlude: The Fall of Bloomberg, Fritsch, Neurath and Schacht
Chapter 11: Anschluss: The Rape of Austria
Chapter 12: The Road to Munich
Chapter 13: Czechoslovakia Ceases to Exist
Chapter 14: The Turn of Poland
Chapter 15: The Nazi-Soviet Pact
Chapter 16: The Last Days of Peace
Chapter 17: The Launching of World War II
Chapter 18: The Fall of Poland
Chapter 19: Sitzkrieg in the West
Chapter 20: The Conquest of Denmark and Norway
Chapter 21: Victory in the West
Chapter 22: Operation Sea Lion: the Thwarted Invasion of Britain
Chapter 23: Barbarossa: The Turn of Russia
Chapter 24: A Turn of the Tide
Chapter 25: The Turn of the United States
Chapter 26: The Great Turning Point: 1942-Stalingrad and El Alamein
Chapter 27: The New Order
Chapter 28: The Fall of Mussolini
Chapter 29: The Allied Invasion of Western Europe and the Attempt to Kill Hitler
Chapter 30: The Conquest of Germany
Chapter 31: The Last Days
Analysis of Shirer's "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich"
From the Paper
"With an already developed hatred for the Jews and belief that the Germans were the superior race, Hitler, in the midst of the World War I, had strengthened his political ideology. Disillusioned by the loss of the Germans in the war, Hitler began boldly expressing his views against anti-Semitism. As a young soldier, he was given the opportunity to share with his fellow soldiers his political thinking and beliefs as he was appointed as an educational officer for the German Army. Shirer also disclosed how Hitler's investigation of the German Workers' Party led to his becoming a member of the said party, then eventually conjoined this part with that of the National Socialism."
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Karen Horney, 2007.
A look at the life and psychological theories of Karen Horney.
2,781 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Karen Horney was a leading reformer and theorist in the field of psychology and psychoanalysis and one of the first major proponents of feminine psychology. The paper looks at Horney's personal life and how she served as an inspiration to women psychologists everywhere. The paper explains that in recognizing that women had dreams of self-actualization, just like men, Karen Horney showed the world that women could also achieve and be fulfilled. The paper also discusses how her work has not received the full attention it deserves.
Outline:
Introduction
Birth and Early Childhood
Adolescence and Awakening
Student of Psychology
The Acceptance of Self-Actualization
Critiques of Horney's Ideas
Karen Horney and Women Psychologists
Summary
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Karen Horney was born Karen Clementine Theodore Danielsen on September 15, 1885 in a suburb of Hamburg, Germany. As befits a child who would one day devote her adult life to understanding some of the universal themes of humanity, Horney's parents were of varied background. Her father was a Norwegian sea captain, a widower with four teenaged children of his own, and naturalized citizen of the German Empire. His second wife, and Karen's mother, was a woman of Dutch-German noble extraction (O'Connell & Russo, 1990, p. 184). Her fifty-year-old father, and thirty-two-year-old mother had already had one child together, Karen's brother, Berndt - this child would remain their favorite (O'Connell & Russo, 1990, p. 184)."
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The Theories of Karen Horney, 2007.
A comparison of the theories of Karen Horney, with those of Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Erick Fromm and Carl Rogers.
3,112 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the theories of Karen Horney, who was the first female psychologist of any note in a time when all of the great theorists were men. Her theories sought to uncover the causes of neuroses. The paper explores the theoretical basis of Horney's theories and then compares them to those of her contemporaries, particularly Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Erick Fromm and Carl Rogers.
Table of Contents:
Theory of Neurotic Needs
Horney and Freud
Alfred Adler
Erick Fromm
Carl Rogers
Discussion
From the Paper
"Horney, Freud and Adler focused on childhood as the source of experiences that lead to neuroses. However, there was not mention in any of the theories as to whether they felt that this was the only time when neuroses developed, or whether one could develop these differences between expectations and what one felt later in life. This was a major point that was left out of almost every major theory and represents a major flaw in Horney's theory as well. It is not known if she felt that the only time to develop neuroses was in childhood.
Horney, Rogers, and Fromm emphasized that each and every person has an idea of how and what they should be. However, this view may not be realistic or attainable. The difference between normalcy and neurosis is the ability to achieve the final goal. One example of this is the perfectionist that never feels that what they do is good enough. They will never achieve their expectations and there will always be inconsistency in what they believe they should be and what they are."
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Karen Horney's Theories, 2006.
A discussion of the theories of personality development developed and established by Karen Horney, a preeminent figure and founder of modern psychoanalysis.
1,993 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ideas of Karen Horney regarding personality development and how they were integrated into modern psychoanalysis therapies and personality development theory. The paper explains that the foundation of Horney's study rested on the tenet that social, cultural, environmental, and parental factors, influences, and issues shape child development more so than do biological factors. The paper also points out that Karen Horney developed her theory of personality development long before social and environmental influences were deemed important to a child's psychological development and that, while not widely-received in her time, portions of her ideas have been integrated into modern psychoanalytic thought and child rearing practices.
From the Paper
"During the early decades of this century, Freud and his sexual drive theories were the standard psychoanalytical theories pertaining to neurotic disorders and personality development. His stages of childhood development rested within a framework of psychosexual development. Horney, along with others, established what would later be termed the "cultural school"1 of psychoanalytic theory. This school of thought believed that biological factors did not drive the body and the mind, but rather that ruling factor in mental growth was believed to be the child's relationship with his or her parents. The child's early social experiences were considered the key factors in this mental and personality development. In Horney's analysis, biological factors were secondary to sociological variables. Culture, people, and relationships determined personality development, types, idiosyncrasies, and ultimately neurosis."
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"The Coming of the Third Reich" by Richard Evans, 2008.
A review of the book "The Coming of the Third Reich" by Richard Evans.
1,302 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Richard Evans' book "The Coming of the Third Reich", which is the first installment of a three book series that historically documents the rise of Adolf Hitler's power in post World War I Germany. Thepaper explains how Evans takes special care not to instill any personal prejudices regarding the genocidal actions of the Third Reich, while his findings provide a great deal of insight on the roots of German fascism. The writer points out that the beginning of the book provides a great deal of information on the status of Germany during the reign of Otto von Bismarck. The writer looks at how the German involvement in World War I only perpetuated the delineation of political ideologies even further. The writer explains that Evans believes that the traditions passed down by the German Empire and the economic and political consequences of World War I provided the perfect environment for a military coup or a seizure of power by an authoritarian regime
From the Paper
"The historical context entailing the rise of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany has been documented numerous times. Many native Germans argue that the rise of national socialism and the Third Reich was a fluke, and the severity of its influence was due to the effective Nazi propaganda machine. Modern German politicians and government representatives note that the Third Reich was an anomaly and that historical evidence does not support the idea that Nazism found its roots within German history. However, Adolf Hitler and many Nazi officials have been quoted that the Third Reich was a revival of German values. Hitler borrowed the term "Third Reich" from Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, which translates to the Third Empire. The first empire of note was the Holy Roman Empire established by Charlemagne followed by the German Empire established by Otto von Bismarck."
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Karen Horney, 2006.
An analysis of the life of Karen Horney and her views on neurosis.
3,034 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the life and works of Karen Horney, a recognized psychologist who practiced in the early 1900s. It describes her life at home with her parents and how this influenced her work. The paper focuses on Horney's views on neurosis and discusses the ten different stages that she believed that neurotics need to attain to prevent them from experiencing great anxiety.
From the Paper
"Karen Horney was born on September 16, 1885 to Clotilde and Berndt Wackels Danielson. Horney's father, Berndt, was an authoritarian and she believed that he liked her brother more then he liked her. Her mother, Clotilde, was considered to be more suave then her father, and was also 19 years younger. Her parents also came from different social backgrounds. Her father was the son of a watchmaker, while her mother was the daughter of architect. She also had a tender and possibly sexual relationship with her brother who was four years older then her. However, he rejected her when she was around 8 years of age. In her childhood she felt like she was not wanted by not only her parents, but by her brother too. This could have been because of the martial problems that were happening between her parents and the later rejection by her brother. Because of these childhood difficulties she went through a bout of depression. It was in 1904 that her parents got divorced and there is no account of her father after this point in time. In 1906 she entered medical school against not only her parents' wishes, but the whole political society. During her time in medical school she met a law student by the name of Oscar Horney whom she married in 1909. In 1911 her mother died which put a strain on Horney; however it was these events that caused her to start psychoanalysis. In 1913 she received her MD from the University of Berlin. In 1923 Oscar Horney lost his job and got meningitis. These strains of events on him lead him to become a broke, morose and argumentative individual. It was also this year that Horney's brother died. When all of these events happened it lead her to consider pursuing her thoughts of suicide. She did attempt suicide during one vacation when she swam out to a sea piling. In 1926 Horney moved to Brooklyn, NY where she developed her first theories on neurosis. She passed away after much accomplished in 1952 at the age of 67. (Paris, 1994)"
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Donald W. Winnicott, 2005.
A critical evaluation of Donald W. Winnicott's psychoanalytic approach and theories.
3,929 words (approx. 15.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the psychoanalytic theories and clinical treatment methods of Donald Woods Winnicott derive fundamentally from Freud's theories of early childhood development, but focus more exclusively on early object relationship of the infant, first to its mother and later to transitional objects in the course of a healthy developmental process. It looks at how Winnicott's theory is controversial because he, alone among psychoanalysts, sees the early object relationships of infants as key to their later mature well-being.
From the Paper
"In Winnicott's view, new mothers of infants possess all of the instinctive knowledge necessary to be good-enough mothers, that is, they have a natural understanding of how best to care for their own babies, which cannot be taught and should not be tampered with, criticized, demeaned, or second-guessed - by childcare experts or any others. In fact, introducing doubt to a new mother about her good-enough mothering instincts can invite feelings of anxiety, and even, in a worst-case scenario, create enough of these within her, about her innate mothering abilities, to interfere with her own natural and instinctive ability to be a 'good-enough mother' to bring about the healthy development of her child."
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"The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich", 2006.
This paper analyzes Adolf Hitler's monumental impact during WWII as depicted in "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich" written by William L. Shirer.
1,670 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper asks and answers the question about WWII, Hitler and the Nazis: Could it all have been prevented? According to William L. Shirer's book "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich" the author states that it was Hitler and no one else who brought both triumph and tragedy to the German people and the rest of the free world. This informative paper contains detailed historical facts of how the war began and the major characters and countries involved.
From the Paper
"Shirer sees 1942 as a real turning point against Germany. Of course, the U.S. declared war against Germany after Pearl Harbor, but American troops would not be a major factor until General Montgomery defeated Rommel's panzer divisions at El Alamein in the desert of Egypt. Slowly but surely, Allied forces forced the German north Afrika Korps back until they had to abandon all of their positions. Next, would come the American invasion of Sicily, and then, Italy. Of course, all this time, Allied bombers were blasting targets in Germany. But, the Germans had one final weapon- V-1 and V-2 rockets which did a lot of damage in Britain. Again, it is important to remember that this is a book about the Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, not a moment-to-moment description of the war itself."
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The Personality Theory of Karen Horney, 1991.
This paper examines the personality theory of psychoanalyst Karen Horney: Differences with Sigmund Freud, emphasizing social relationships over sexual neuroses.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"This study will examine the personality theory of psychoanalyst Karen Horney. Horney's personality theory was formed in part as a negative response to the theory of Sigmund Freud. Specifically, Horney differed with Freud with respect to the latter's emphasis on the biological aspects of personality development.
Horney, accordingly, did not "believe in the castration and Oedipus complexes as described by Freud, nor did she accept the psychosexual stages of oral, anal, and phallic. She rejected Freud's concept of penis envy as the determining factor in the psychology of women".
Horney argued that Freud was wrong in concluding that aggression was an innate trait in human beings. Horney, to the contrary, argued that aggression was a tool used by the ... "
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Karen Horney, 1995.
This paper discusses the life and career of the German psychologist, Karen Horney, by focusing on her differences with Freud.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Karen Horney (1895-1952) was born in Hamburg, Germany, daughter of a Norwegian sea captain and a Dutch mother of "free thinking" ways. She was among the first generation of psychiatrists to study under Sigmund Freud, founding father of modern psychoanalysis, after his theories had become generally accepted in European circles in the early 20th century. Unlike Freud, thirty years her senior, Karen Horney's upper-middle-class Protestant credentials grounded her with a sense of social assurance and stability during her upbringing that the older man did not enjoy. Since, by his own records of self-analysis, Freud spent much of his adult life reacting to his childhood traumas of Jewish displacement/disadvantage in the changing Austrian society of the day, Horney's security must be considered an equally important foundation ... "
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Karen Horney, 1999.
Discusses the life, career and major contributions (mature theory and feminine psychology) of this 20th Century anti-Freudian German psychiatrist.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Karen Horney (1885-1953) was a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who has become popularly known as a prominent opponent of Freud's approach to feminine psychology. But this work formed only a part of Horney's career and her most important contribution to psychoanalysis is her mature theory, in which she also departed from Freud, that stresses relationships and other social factors as the primary forces operating in the development and functioning of personality.
From the Paper
"Karen Horney (1885-1953) was a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who has become popularly known as a prominent opponent of Freud's approach to feminine psychology. But this work formed only a part of Horney's career and her most important contribution to psychoanalysis is her mature theory, in which she also departed from Freud, that stresses relationships and other social factors as the primary forces operating in the development and functioning of personality. Horney's theory developed steadily throughout her long career and her departures from psychoanalytic orthodoxy often isolated her at first, and then led to productive work that attracted followers.
Horney was born Karen Danielsen in Hamburg, Germany. In the early part of the century there was, among educated Europeans, a growing "atmosphere of social and political excitement concerning ..."
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Erich Fromm, Rollo May & Karen Horney, 1997.
Examines psychologists' views on human nature, freedom, destiny, isolation, neuroses and morality.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
" The Nature of the Human Being
Introduction
The nature of the human being is characterized by the struggle between freedom and destiny. In his book titled Freedom and Destiny, Rollo May discusses the dialectical relationship between the two concepts. Basically, he argues that freedom and destiny are opposing concepts that need each other for either to exist. However, their opposition is what causes the fundamental dilemma that characterizes the human being: who are we and who are we supposed to be? This paper discusses the theories of three psychologists who have addressed this question. For purposes of coherence, the first under discussion is Erich Fromm who argues that human existence is characterized by fundamental contradictions that originate from man's attempt to overcome..'
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Theories of Melanie Klein & DW Winnicott, 1996.
Compares lives, careers, influences & psychoanalytic ideas on child development.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Melanie Klein and D.W. Winnicott were both psychotherapists who belonged to the British Psychoanalytic Society. Klein and Winnicott had practices working with disturbed children. They both studied and accepted the work of Freud, although they both expanded and altered his theories on child development. Despite these facts in common, Melanie Klein and D.W. Winnicott had very different theories. Melanie Klein was a firm believer in the child's innate ability to fantasize on a complex level and did not give much credence to the role of the mother during early infancy. She gave credit to the innate instincts in determining a child's development. D.W. Winnicott, on the other hand, believed that the mother has an important impact on the baby's development from birth. He believed that the environment the child inhabited was the key to a child's development. The.."
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Third Reich: Propaganda & Reality, 1997.
Examines Hitler's use of lies, personal & national myths, charisma, oratory, ideology, media images and terror.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the issue of propaganda and reality in the Third Reich. The plan of the research will be to set forth the historical context in which this issue becomes a relevant subject of study in the modern period and then to discuss ways in which propaganda functioned in the Third Reich as both instrument and product of German policy.
The importance of propaganda to the Reich appears partly due to the confluence of Hitler's fascination with its power to give coherence and shape to political events and the fact that the events unfolding in Germany after World War I seemed without coherence. This was not least because the ostensibly democratic Weimar Republic was floundering in a nation-state that had no experience of the inexactitude of democracy or political pluralism. Kershaw cites the Weimar period's increasing gulf between..":
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