| Papers [1-15] of 25 :: [Page 1 of 2] | | Go to page : 1 2 —> | Search results on "REFRACTION REFLECTION TELESCOPES": |
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Refraction and Reflection in Telescopes, 2002.
An overview of how refraction and reflection create images in telescopes.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper is written about refraction and reflection images in telescopes. Refracting telescopes were the only type of telescope for nearly a hundred years" (Course Notes 36). In the refractor telescope, the objective lens is responsible for magnification. In reflector telescopes, it is the primary mirror that collects great amounts of light from distant objects and creates a brighter image.
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Space Telescopes, 2005.
A comparison of the cost effectiveness of two different space telescopes.
1,069 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the Hubble Space Telescope to its potential successor, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), in terms of their cost effectiveness. The paper looks at the technology of both telescopes to see which will bring continue to bring back the most valuable information, their respective missions, the cost of deploying and maintaining them in orbit, and the cost of repairs, if any, of the telescopes to determine the cost effectiveness of the telescopes.
From the Paper
"Ever since its launch in 1990, the Hubble telescope has been orbiting the Earth at 600 kilometers above, bringing valuable information and photos from space. Its history goes back to 1977, when the Congress approved the project funds. However, operations didn't take off until 1981, when the Space Telescope Science Institute was founded, designed especially for the production and research of the Hubble Space Telescope."
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Galileo's Observations and Modern Telescopic Innovations, 2000.
Comparing the contributions made by Galileo to the exploration of space using his telescope to the contributions made by others using modern telescopes.
2,995 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 12 sources, $ 88.95
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Abstract
A paper on the development of the telescope by Galileo Galilei. The author discusses the many theories borne from Galileo's observations of the heavens.
From the Paper
"Centuries ago, a tube and two lenses were the only essentials needed to start the journey into the sky. This instrument, called a telescope, expanded the human vision and brought new light from beyond their world and beyond the already visible sky. It allowed mankind to explore the most distant places imaginable without leaving their backyard. Astronomers have studied the stars for centuries, and, with the aid of a telescope, have discovered new entities that exist in the universe. The first person to use this tool for astronomical purposes was Galileo Galilei. He was the first to turn a telescope up into the stars and make observations. His telescope was crude and not as powerful as telescopes today, but it was effective during his time. Although modern telescopes are far more powerful and extremely effective due to electronics, mirrors, and other enhancements to the design of the telescope, the observations and discoveries made by Galileo and his rudimentary telescope are just as significant as those made by telescopes today and in the future."
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The Cornell University Infrared Telescope Project, 2002.
This paper discusses the Cornell University infrared telescope project, which will be the world's largest infrared (IR) telescope, to be built at Llano de Chajnantor in the Atacama desert in Chile.
1,405 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that there are many unanswered questions about the universe; therefore, there is a need for more powerful and better situated the telescopes as proposed by the Cornell University telescope at the Atacama desert in Chile where atmospheric conditions are superb. This paper explains that the astronomers and engineers at Cornell have devised a new design that they hope will provide more efficiency. The author points out that the new design allows the primary mirror to rotate in azimuth while a rotating Gregorian secondary mirror provides the primary mirror with a virtually unobstructed view of the source.
From the Paper
"Telescopes launched into outer space have captured public attention in recent years. The public may wonder at Cornell's choice to build a station on earth when advances seem to be in the sky with its advantage of greater 'height' and clearer view. It is true, of course, that observations at infrared and submillimeter wavelengths--such as the Atacama installation will perform--are far more easily made from space because of the absence of atmospheric interference. But, space stations are terrifically expensive, and the necessary limits on their telescopes' size places a huge constraint on their performance. Another important factor is that, in case of malfunctions, an earthbound telescope presents a great advantage. Thus, the search for optimal conditions on our planet has gone on for many years, and the Atacama Desert has become the astronomers' paradise of choice. The European Southern Observatory is already in operation there, and the United States' National Radio Astronomy Observatory will undoubtedly locate its new Millimeter Array there."
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The Hubble Space Telescope, 2004.
An analysis of the world's first Earth-orbiting reflecting telescope, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).
3,346 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the first Earth-orbiting reflecting telescope. The paper examines how the Hubble Space Telescope serves a vital function in increasing our knowledge of the universe. The paper explains that since its launch in 1990, despite several crucial problems, it has revealed a universe full of mysterious bodies, nebula, star systems and galaxies and has expanded the possibilities that humankind is not alone in the universe.
From the Paper
"The first scientific idea for a telescope such as the HST came about in 1946 when Lyman Spitzer issued a proposal for a space telescope with a primary mirror between sixteen and fifty feet in diameter. Throughout the 1960's and 1970's, with the ultraviolet observatories OAO-2, OAO 3 and the IUE in the planning stages, the space telescope remained only a dream, due to the lack of technology. Yet Spitzer did not give up, for by the 1970's he had offered another proposal for a space telescope which would be able to provide images of very faint objects as contrasted to ground-based telescopes which suffer from distortion due to the Earth's atmosphere. According to Spitzer, such a telescope would not "supplement our present ideas of the universe we live in, but rather would uncover new phenomena not yet imagined and perhaps would modify profoundly our basic concepts of space and time" (42)."
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The Telescope, 2006.
An overview of the revolution of the telescope.
1,197 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the origins of the telescope. It includes a brief history of the magnifying glass and the first spectacles from which the beginnings of the first telescope evolved. The writer discusses Galileo's part in the development of the telescope and explains the changes from the Galilean model through to the reflecting telescope developed in the mid 1700s. In summation, the paper explains that the telescope has led to other important inventions such as the microscope.
From the Paper
"The cost of quality glass had come done enough by the end of the thirteenth century and the quality was reasonable enough that it was becoming a real possibility for people to be aided in their eyesight problems as they reached their middle years. It was discovered by spectacle makers that they were able to enhance vision for people by shaping and polishing glass in such a way that the words were enlarged. This is what is known today as the magnifying glass and had become common by the middle of the thirteenth century. From here came the invention of the spectacles and as the glass lenses were made smaller and it was learnt what could be done by altering shapes and polishing the glass in various ways the beginnings of the telescope evolved."
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The Big Ear Radio Telescope, 2002.
This paper describes the beginning and history of the Big Ear Radio Telescope until it was dismantled in 1998.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper relates the reasons for the construction of the Big Ear Radio Telescope. The author discusses the way it was built.
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Hubble Space Telescope, 2001.
History & purpose of space-based observatory. Instrumentation. Projects & discoveries. Outline.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"The Hubble Space Telescope is a cooperative program of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the operation of a long lived space based observatory for the benefit of the international astronomical community. The idea was first developed in the 1940s, designed and built in the 1970s and 80s, and made operational only in the 1990s. This was to be a different type of mission for NASA, to create a long term space based observatory. In order to accomplish this goal and to protect the spacecraft against instrument and equipment failures, NASA had always planned on regular servicing missions. The Hubble has special grapple fixtures, 76 handholds, and is stabilized in all three axes. The Hubble is a 2.4 meter reflecting telescope which was deployed in low ..."
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Camera Image, 2002.
A look at how reflection and refraction produce an image in the camera.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how reflection and refraction produce an image in a camera. A camera depends completely on light to produce an image. The one reason objects can be seen at all is that light rays are reflected from their surfaces.
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Properties of Light, 2007.
This paper describes the key features of light.
893 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the most common feature of light, reflection. The paper explains that reflection occurs when electromagnetic radiation in the visible portion of the spectrum experiences an elastic collision with any particular physical surface. The paper then looks at refraction, when the path of light is altered by the material through which it travels. The paper also discusses interference, which results from two separate wave forms coming together.
From the Paper
"To most of us, the general properties of light are so commonplace and so readily observed that we tend to think nothing of them. Additionally, we fail to critically examine what light may be and how it operates under certain conditions. After all, most of us could not conceive of a word without the aid of our sense of sight; yet this sight is based upon a very limited number of features of electromagnetic radiation. Of course, delineating a handful of key features of light - those that we witness over the course of our everyday lives - can be very beneficial towards a more comprehensive understanding of what it actually is."
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The Analysis of Glass Fragments, 2005.
This text describes the glass analysis relevant in forensic science. The classical approach of glass analysis (measurement of refractive index) proved.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This text describes the glass analysis relevant to forensic science. The paper examines how the classical approach of glass analysis (measurement of refractive index) proved to be unreliable method for a glass sample manufactured after 1980. The most recent approach uses chemical analysis to determine trace and ultra trace elements in glass. The paper analyzes two modern methods of chemical analysis.
From the Paper
"Glass fragments belong to the group of trace evidence, i.e. very small amounts of material that can link an item on which it was found with an otherwise unconnected source of it elsewhere. The traces of glass are frequently encountered on the crime scene. If the glass breakage occurred, the glass fragments are likely to be found on the objects or persons present at the scene. They can often be easily spotted because they are shiny particles (of course in the case of coloured glass the recognition is easier). Additionally they have irregular shapes hence they tend to remain attached to the material longer than the trace evidence with smooth surfaces."
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The Milky Way, 2007.
An exploration of the Milky Way galaxy.
1,512 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the Milky Way galaxy, named for the hazy band of light that stretches across the dark skies of the night. It looks at how, although this system (usually referred to as a spiral galaxy, much like the Andromeda galaxy) has created much wonder and awe since the beginning of human civilization, it was not until 1610 that its true nature was discovered by Galileo when he turned his small refracting telescope toward the night sky to reveal that the Milky Way was composed of countless individual stars, nebula and other astronomical bodies, many of which remained mysterious and unknown well into the 20th century.
From the Paper
"Looking from the Earth at the Milky Way, one obtains two distinct views--first, in the direction of the poles, the density of the stars decreases dramatically, meaning that at the poles, the stars are far apart and are set against a very dark background. Second, looking along the equatorial plane, the closest stars are situated against a faint but luminous band, being "the blended light of billions of stars in the galaxy's disc. In 1785, astronomer William Herschel, by using a 48-inch reflector telescope of his own construction, counted the stars in more than 600 regions of the sky and concluded that "the majority are concentrated along a plane and that the galaxy is disc-shaped with the Sun at its center" (Parker, 1988, 156). "
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Astronomy and the Young Universe, 2002.
A discussion of the argument about the young universe and the mature universe.
3,480 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses what the universe is made up of, its age, how stars are formed and what is the future of our solar system. It discusses the history of the exploration of the universe. The author explains how In this century large telescopes are set up, far away from city lights and traffic to gather the best data for studying the skies. A brief overview of the theories on the origin of the universe is also given. The author concludes that although new theories are constantly being proposed and science is constantly to answer the question ?Where did we come from?? , until now, no answer has satisfied everyone.
From the Paper
"Man's fascination with the heavens is as old as recorded history itself. Astronomers from all civilizations?medieval to the present times?carefully observed the stars and their relative position in the night sky. Even in the medieval times, astronomers universally observed two features: that stars tended to drift westward with each passing night; and, despite this apparent movement, stars were always in a fixed position relative to each other. Anything that man could not explain, ending up fascinating him?as did the stars. It has been stated that when man loses his desire to explore the unknown, the human race will have sounded its own death knell."
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Carlo Ginzburg's "The Cheese and the World", 2007.
This paper discuses Carlo Ginzburg's book "The Cheese and the World" as a micro-history of the less considered aspects of 16th century Italy.
5,000 words (approx. 20.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 126.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Carlo Ginzburg's "The Cheese and the World"
relates, in the style of micro-history, the life of miller Menocchio (1532-1599) from the Italian district of Friuli, who was brought before the Inquisition in 1584 and 1599 on charges of heresy owing to his peculiar religious beliefs and was eventually burned at the stake. The author points out that Ginzburg, who is a noted micro-historian and expert on the Italian Renaissance and early modern European history, comments that Menocchio's predicament owed much to two great historical developments of his day: the advent of the printing press and the Reformation. The author suggests that most readers' perception of the Reformation and its surrounding culture will be upset by the way this book telescopes the arrival of the printing press into the thoughts of the later Renaissance as if these forces immediately changed consciousness.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Printing Press
The Reformation
1599 - What a Heretic Said
On Micro-History
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"In a manner much ahead of his time, Menocchio had argued that a religious person believed his faith to be true, just as the Christian believed that Christianity was the correct religion, with a remark too on people believing they embraced a superior culture when, in fact, who was to know this was true, or what an inferior culture might be. The inquisitor asked about the Three Rings and where Menocchio had encountered it, referring to a title as a prohibited book. Ginzburg explains how the Roman Catholic Church was by this time engaged in a "two-front war" against both high culture that would not conform to Counter-Reformation ideals and against popular culture that was showing more signs of questioning..."
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Galileo's Astronomical Observations, 2004.
An analysis of the significance of Galileo's early astronomical observations on the Aristotelian theory of the universe.
2,145 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how, as Galileo first turned his telescope toward the heavens, he was drastically turning mankind away from its long-accepted view that the Aristotelian view of the heavens was correct. It examines the significance of Galileo?s early astronomical observations on the Aristotelian universe by examining Aristotle?s theory of the cosmos, pertinent background on Galileo, his discoveries, and the effect they had on Aristotle?s universe.
Outline
Introduction
Aristotle?s Universe
Galileo Leading Up to His Discoveries
Galileo?s Observations and their Significance
The Moon
Jupiter
Venus
Other Important Observations
Toward a Heliocentric Model
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The next object Galileo turned his attention to was the planet Jupiter. In January of 1610, he saw three small but bright stars in the area of Jupiter that changed positions with time, but never strayed far from Jupiter. After repeated observations, Galileo concluded that there are three stars in the heavens moving about Jupiter. He later discovered a fourth satellite of Jupiter and he named these moons the Medicean stars. These satellites were seen to orbit Jupiter at various distances and speeds. This was the first time that a planet other than Earth was found to have satellites orbiting it."
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