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The Reformation and Counter-Reformation Periods, 2005.
A brief over-view of a religiously-divided Europe during the Reformation and Counter-Reformation periods.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The following paper is a brief review of the religious schism that wracked Europe, principally France and Germany, during the Reformation and Counter-Reformation periods. The paper examines how the various leaders involved responded, and what the long-term consequences of their decisions were for their respective lands. The paper also notes how the period actually strengthened the French while weakening the Holy Roman Empire.
From the Paper
"The history of modern Europe has seen its share of troubling religious divides and more than its share of religious violence. That being said, the French monarchy was initially repressive towards religious dissent but gradually assumed a more progressive approach as the sixteenth century drew to a close. In the early decades of the Sixteenth century, however, Francis I was notorious in his brutal crack-down of the emerging sixteenth century Protestantism; this persecution was ably pursued by his successor, Henri II who also took it upon himself to contest a variety of territorial holdings with the Holy Roman Empire, England and Spain. As the second half of the sixteenth century proceeded, French efforts to thwart the Protestant upheaval grew in conviction."
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Reforms in Poland, 1990.
This paper dsicusses economic, political and social reforms in Poland as related to socialist history: Western assistance and investment, past reforms, other Eastern bloc nations, possible outcomes and effects on Polish people.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 12 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"In March 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev was elected General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Central Committee, and Chairman of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Council of Defense. In the somewhat more than five years that he has been the nation's leader, he has introduced far reaching social, political, and economic initiatives.
While economic, political, and social change in the Soviet Union was beginning to emerge under Gorbachev's leadership, however, such change had either been attempted or was already underway in some of the other socialist states. Perhaps the socialist country with the longest uninterrupted experience with change of this sort is Poland. Labor unrest precipitated political turmoil in that country in the summer of 1956, and the ... "
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Reforms of the Security Council, 2006.
An analysis of the United Nations Security Council reforms required tackle the challenges of the 21st century.
3,379 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper makes an attempt to trace the history of performance of the United Nations Security Council and purposes for which the veto has been used. It also discusses the various reform proposals and their supposed effectiveness in meeting the objectives of reforms. Finally, the paper presents a blueprint of a proposed reforms package.
Outline
The Main Problems of the Security Council
The Past as Prelude
The Reform Proposals
What Dent the Proposed Reforms Can Make-Can they Democratize the Security Council?
A Proposed Blueprint
From the Paper
"The reform of the Security Council has been on the international agenda for quite some time. Even by conservative standards, there seems to be an agreement on the existence of certain problems with the Security Council structure. Based on who happened to be on the winning side of the war 60 years ago, it is not representative of United Nations membership and out of key with the United Nations' Charter requirement of "equitable geographical distribution" of seats. It could reasonably be argued that the original 1945 bargain, which conceded privileges to certain nations in return for commitment, has broken down and should be revisited."
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The New Face of India's Reforms, 2005.
A review of the Indian economic, financial and banking reforms.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the nature of Indian economic, financial market and banking system reforms. According to this paper, the majority of these reforms were began in 1991 following India's decision to open up its economy to free-market principals and to liberalize its capital markets. These moves necessitate deep and substantial changes to India's banking system.
From the Paper
"It could be said that India's current monetary and fiscal policy began in the early 1990s following the government's determination to change from a heavily autocratic, socialist type governmental policy to a more open, free market, capital system. India's monetary and fiscal policy, which is based on the Rupee, was tasked by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to affect several changes on fiscal policy in order liberalize its economy: 1) increase petroleum product prices, 2) increase net taxes, 3) improve tax compliance, 4) unload up to 20% of equity in public enterprises, 5) cuts subsidies, 6) reduce defense expenditures and 7) exercise restraint on GDP expenditures (Desai 25)."
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The Religious Reforms of Akhenaten, 2003.
A discussion of the religious reforms implemented in Ancient Egypt by King Akhenaten.
2,611 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the religious reforms implemented throughout King Akhenaten?s reign of Ancient Egypt often termed the Amarna Period (c. 1360 ? 1343 B.C.). It investigates how these reforms differed from the traditional religion that was practised in Ancient Egypt at the time as well as the rationale and motives behind them. It examines the impact of these reforms and why, in the end, they were only temporary in nature, not lasting beyond Akhenaten?s reign.
From the Paper
"As discussed, there were numerous religious reforms put forward by Akhenaten during his reign. However not all were successful. Indeed there were many problems with the changes Akhenaten implemented. His reforms were introduced with such force that they met with strong resistance. Despite Akhenaten?s desire for there to be one god, the Aten, and his attempts to remove all other deities, the Egyptian people continued to worship the traditional gods (Ashcroft 2003, Stange 2000). Akhenaten?s worship of the Aten was not as shared or supported by the Egyptian people as the Aten, as sole god, did not satisfy all of the Egyptian?s religious requirements. R. David suggests the reason behind this is that ?the Aten had no moral philosophy or attractive mythology which could inspire the general worshipper? (David 1993:157)."
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Korea and IMF Structural Reforms, 2004.
Examines the political, economic and social impacts of the International Monetary Fund's reforms on Korea.
2,090 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This essay argues that the IMF structural adjustment program implemented in Korea during its economic crisis has hindered Korea's sovereignty and domestic enterprises by promoting autonomy of the Bank of Korea and liberalization of labour market and foreign trade. Many economists argue that it is urban low-income households in Korea whose living conditions have been most hampered by the IMF structural reforms . This essay also investigates how lives of urban low-income households have been challenged as a consequence of the IMF structural reforms. Fortunately, the economy is recovering slowly. But the legacies of structural reforms still remain; state power over its central bank and legislative branch has not been restored, many of major domestic enterprises are largely owned by foreign investors and the urban poor people suffer from marginalizatoin.
From the Paper
"The financial crisis that erupted in Asia in mid-1997 led to sharp decline in the currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices of a number of East and Southeast Asian countries . In an astonishingly short period of time, these along with horrendous social consequences have plagued South Korea, a nation that previously had an unparalleled record of economic development . In late November 1997, the Deputy Prime Minister Mr. Lim announced that the Government has requested the IMF's support for an economic stabilization and reform program. Corresponding to this request, the IMF launched an economic stabilization and reform program, composed of three major componenets: exchange market stabilization, financial policies and structural reform."
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Seniors and Medicare Reforms, 2005.
A look at medicare reforms and health care costs, questioning whether seniors are really better off.
22,651 words (approx. 90.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This study looks at the Medicare reform issue and determines whether there is merit to the desires of those that wish to change the reforms that will go into effect in two years. Chapter One takes into account the problem, the overview of the study to be conducted, and how significant this study is. Also included is the rationale and scope of the study, as it is necessary not only to show how and why the study is important, but also to show what will be proved and how this will be carried out. Chapter Two is a review of sources that give indication as to the feelings and beliefs about Medicare reform, as well as what kinds of changes will actually occur when Medicare reform takes place. Positive and negative aspects are discussed, as well as a description of the sources. Chapter Three is the methodology chapter, and it explains what kinds of tools were used to create this study. Chapter Four deals with the analysis of the data that was collected in Chapter Two, since the opinions and beliefs of the individuals that are dealing with this issue are very important. Chapter Five then examines the recommendations that can be made as to how the program can be improved and looks at the conclusions that can be drawn from the information already collected about the issue at hand.
Table of Contents
Chapter One
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Overview of the Study
Significance of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Scope of the Study
Chapter Two
Review of Related Literature
Description of Sources Used
Positive Aspects
Negative Aspects
Literature Review
Chapter Three
Methodology
Research Design and Approach
Procedures Used and Data Analysis
Research Considerations and Limitations
Validity and Uniqueness of the Data
Summary
Chapter Four
Analysis of the Data
Chapter Five
Summary Conclusions and Recommendations
Bibliography
From the Paper
"This study that will be conducted here is a simple one. A review of the literature will be undertaken in the following chapter, and this will allow for study of the plans that the government has and the ways that they have decided to change the Medicare system. Sources will be used to show both the positive and negative aspects of changing the Medicare system, as well as to show the positive and negative aspects of the system that Medicare currently uses.
Only by examining both of these can it truly be determined whether the changes that are to be made to Medicare are going to be good or bad for the majority of people in the long run. It is possible that the changes that will be made to Medicare will actually help some people, but if they do not help the majority of those that use the system, then they are not really what is needed to fix Medicare. It is safe to assume that the Medicare system, like so many other health care systems in the United States today, is broken and needs to be fixed. However, there is grave concern about whether the reforms that are planned for Medicare are actually the fix that Medicare needs."
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Reforms in the Australian Public Sector, 2006.
An examination of current reforms in the Australian public sector.
1,537 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines reforms recently made in the Australian public sector. The basis of the changes was modeled after the private sector, and building customer satisfaction. This model is analyzed and the various parties identified and discussed. The public sector in Australia and its reform is seen as in process and by no means complete. However, the awareness of paradigm shifts, management perceptions, and the recognition of public needs form a large part of the achievement of the necessary reforms. The Australian public sector, like many other places of business, is changing according to the needs of its times and its public. This is achieved through all levels of management with the collaboration of all stakeholders as one team.
From the Paper
"The managing out imperative, as seen above, has changed according to the changing needs of society and the public. Changing technological paradigms, as well as the increasing integration of the public sector with other service providers, has increased the complexity of public service provision (Mulgan 2004). This is why all managing roles have become vitally important to the success of the entire public sector. Middle managers play an especially important role, as they form the connection between top managers and the lower levels of the public sector on one level, and also between the public sector and its stakeholders and clients.
This is only one of the changes occurring during the last decades of the last century, and the first decade of this one. The very concept of leadership, as seen above, has changed from authoritarian to democratic and collaborative. The gab between public sector culture and public interest is a need that can be addressed by means of middle management."
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19th Century Reforms in Great Britain, 2004.
An analysis of the political, social, and economic reforms in Great Britain up to 1850.
2,061 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses 19th century Britain and focuses on the political, social, and economic reforms that took place during this era. The paper explains that the reform in the British government between 1831 and 1850 greatly aided in the dynamic changes within England based on the economic, political, and social agendas held by the various political parties. The paper claims that these reforms were a necessary adjunct to English history, for they made the country stronger and more cohesive, helped immensely during the coming years of the 20th century when England would be tested to its limits in the 'Great War' of 1914 and World War II.
From the Paper
"Between 1831 and 1850, Great Britain experienced numerous economical, political and social problems that threatened to literally tear the country apart. For many of those associated with the English government, especially the men that sat in the House of Lords and the House of Commons, it was clear that after the disastrous war with the American Colonies that England must somehow reform its laws and statutes that mostly affected the middle and lower classes. Thus, many new bills and acts were passed that in essence served as the dynamic process for change in Great Britain. The Industrial Revolution, which had vastly altered the social and economic face of England between 1750 and 1850, brought about the need for change, for it "posed a set of technical administrative problems which no. . . party, Whig or Tory, was capable of handling" and forced the British government to seek out "a fresh interpretation of the duties of government" (Churchill 23-24)."
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Ottoman Empire Reforms, 2007.
This paper looks at the Tanzimat reforms of reformist sultans in the Ottoman Empire, with a focus on Mount Lebanon.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that in the mid 1800s, reformist sultans in the Ottoman Empire developed and issued the Tanzimat, a set of policy reforms. The paper discusses the political environment and policy system that the Tanzimat was designed to address. The paper discusses the general direction of the reformist agenda and highlights the application of that agenda in the Mount Lebanon province in order to assess the success of the Ottoman reforms and their subsequent impact on policy administration in the modern Middle East.
Outline:
Local Administration in the Ottoman Empire
Implementation of the Tanzimat in Mount Lebanon
From the Paper
"In the mid 1800's, reformist sultans in the Ottoman Empire developed and issued the Tanzimat, a set of policy reforms that were designed to alter the established governing institutions of the empire and halt the empire's slow decline in relation to emerging border nations across Europe. The essential direction of the reforms was to centralize and secularize policy administration throughout the empire in order to ensure that individual citizens were treated fairly and equally, and that the empire remained united and strengthened. In order to achieve this, reformist sultans realized that local institutions had to be controlled so that they were not taking advantage of their distance from the capital to manipulate subjects and policy in order enrich a few local citizens. Their attempt at reform was, at its foundation, the same movement toward rationalizing and realigning policy administration that occurred in the nations of Europe in and around the 18th Century, so that the elements of the modern state could emerge throughout the scattered empire."
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Educational Reforms, 2005.
Explores the history of school reforms in the United States.
2,394 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The report examines change as it has occurred from the fifties to the present in regards to school reform efforts in the United States. The paper examines and analyzes the No Child Left Behind legislation, as well as other future and contemporary school reform efforts in the light of an historical perspective divided by decade. New horizons for school reform are also be assessed.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Chronology and Overview
Fifties
Sixties
Seventies
Eighties
Nineties - Present
NCLB Act
Accountability
Concentrating Resources on Proven Methods
More Parent Choice
Contemporary Reform
Staff Development
New Areas of Interest
Bibliography
Flexibility for States and Communities
From the Paper
"The first focus of the NCLB act is stronger accountability for results. This refers to the act's imposition of performance based measures. Under this facet of the act, schools that show significant improvement overall in terms of student achievement on standardized tests are rewarded, and schools that are not strong performers or improvers are punished. This is designed to make schools more accountable for the kinds of student being produced. The main focus of the supporting argument for this aspect of NCLB is that currently, schools are not always producing students who have the basic skills they need to succeed in either college or the real world. In their opinion, the mass institution of standardized testing would change this trend for the better."
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1992 Election Reforms in Israel, 1998.
A look at the ramifications of the 1992 election reforms in Israel.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper details the nature of Israeli democracy since the nation?s 1992 reforms, presenting strong evidence of the new system?s weaknesses and strengths. The paper looks at the old system, then looks at the new reform system and the reasons for the change.
From the Paper
"The State of Israel has used a system of national proportional representation since its inception in 1948. The electoral system has led to large numbers of diverse parties actively participating in government. Under Israeli proportional representation, each registered party submits a ranked list of its contenders and providing that the party passes the qualifying threshold of 1.5% of the total vote, it will receive a proportional amount of seats from 120 that are available in the Knesset?the Israeli parliament. Until the 1992 election reform, the party list winning a majority of votes would have its top leader become the Prime Minister and try to form a ruling coalition. The 1992 reform, however, effective in the latest 1996 election allowed each voter to choose a party list, and to vote separately for Prime Minister who must be elected by a majority of the vote."
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King Josiah Reforms, 2005.
This paper compares two different accounts of King Josiah's reforms as found in 2 Kings 22-23 and 2 Chronicles 34-35.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the two versions of King Josiah's reforms in 2 Kings 22-23 and 2 Chronicles 34-35 are similar, at least in the beginning. The version in Chronicles adds a second story concerning the keeping of the Passover. The author points out that both tales depict King Josiah as a great reformer, a king who restored the true traditions of Israel and who faithfully followed the precepts of God. The paper relates that both versions dwell on Josiah's actions in wiping out paganism; Josiah avails himself of every possible means to completely and totally erase from view objects and symbols of error.
From the Paper
"The stories of King Josiah's reign that are found in 2 Kings and 2 Chronicles agree in their condemnation of bad practices. They agree too, in the need for God's order to be maintained and in the necessity of those who are charged with setting a good example to set such a good example. The second version adds to the original story only because the author feels that he must, as evidently the people of Israel have slipped even further from the righteous path. It made sense to him to include an accurate description of the celebration of Passover in the story of a King who was already widely believed to be especially holy and especially committed to the propagation of God's truth. Thus, these two versions of the same story differ because their intended audiences differ."
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Business Legal and Regulatory Reforms, 2005.
This paper discuses that significant and measurable reforms of the business regulatory need to be made to restore industry competitiveness and to maintain an invigorated economy.
2,740 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the regulatory environment has become overgrown with over fifty-five federal regulatory agencies, which develop, implement and enforce a myriad of regulations and issue over 2,000 new rules issued every year, resulting in many unnecessary or poorly designed regulations, which are needlessly inefficient and expensive. The author points out that the U.S. spends more than any other industrialized nation on environmental regulations, which cost close to five percent of the nation's economic output and hampers the nation's competitiveness in the world economy. The paper relates the difficulty in resolving existing disagreements over the need for regulatory reform because (1) the contending parties often disagree about the need for a regulation and (2) in many cases, the data necessary for effective risk assessment, cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses, which are necessary for effective rule-making, often are ambivalent and incomplete, depending largely on assumptions and other subjective factors.
Table of Contents
Legal and Regulatory Reform: Objective and Findings From A Business Perspective
Introduction To Regulatory Environment
Economic Impact of Regulatory Expenses
Economic Impact of Tort Abuse
Regulatory Impact on the Consumer
Debunking The Myth of Big Brother and Big Business
Business Agenda on Regulatory Reform
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Over the years, a number of comprehensive regulatory reform bills have been introduced in Congress addressing the principles of risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis. The Thompson-Levin bill, for example, is a bipartisan, bare-bones measure that has three principal provisions: It
First, the bill would require agencies to perform cost-benefit analyses and, if warranted accordingly, conduct risk assessments. Unlike the Republican bills from 1995, the cost-benefit analysis would simply provide information to the public and would not serve as a mandatory decisional criterion. Second, the bill would require each agency that has issued a major rule in the last 10 years to establish an advisory committee that would provide non-binding advice to the agency head about rules that should be considered for revision. The agency would not be under obligation to revise any rules that are studied by them. Section 624 of this bill would require each agency to perform a risk assessment at both the proposal and final rule stages, using only "reliable and reasonably available scientific information" in these assessments."
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Chinese Government Political Reforms, 2005.
A discussion of reforms in the Chinese political arena and how these affect the economy in practice.
1,587 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The reforms that the Chinese government introduced in the last couple of decades or so have brought about a tremendous change in the Chinese economy, to the extent that a major reduction of poverty and a quick increase in income levels are experienced. This paper discusses the history of labor unions and managerial practices, the relationship between the government and business - both local and multinational companies and the market characteristics of the country.
From the Paper
"From Deng Xiaoping in 1978 to the current leadership level, the Chinese have shown a firm commitment towards economic reforms and opening the Chinese economy to the outside world. (Background Note: China) Hence the business environment in China is considered to be very attractive and there are many multinational companies that have already made use of the opportunities offered and many others are venturing to enter the Chinese business market. (Understanding Eastern & Western Culture and Business Practices Legacee) In this paper we shall have an understanding of the history of labor unions and managerial practices, the relationship between the government and business - both local and multinational companies, and shall look at the market characteristics of the country."
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