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Recycling Waste, 2005.
An application of the second law of thermodynamics to waste recycling.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper uses the second law of thermodynamics to explain why a properly designed source-separation recycling program takes less energy and produces less pollution than a centralized program that collects mixed waste over a large area and hauls it to a centralized facility where workers or machinery separates the waste for recycling.
From the Paper
"Waste is an unavoidable consequence of our consumer oriented, highly industrialized society. In 2000, Canadians generated 1021 kg of non-hazardous waste per capita (Statistics Canada, 2002). 747kg of this waste were disposed of per capita (Statistics Canada, 2002), while the rest was recycled. Torontonians for example recycled 699 tonnes of household waste in 2001 (Ministry of Environment, 2004). Household waste generation was 353kg per capita in 2000 (Statistics Canada, 2002). The situation is similar in most developing countries although the levels of recycling vary. Growing concern for the environment, constant increase in the amounts of waste produced, economic, land and social costs involved in developing new landfill sites and public opinion have brought about the need to approach waste management in a broader context. "
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Recycling and Waste Disposal, 1992.
A look at types of garbage, disposal and recycling and educational strategies for children on recycling.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 11 sources, $ 87.95
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From the Paper
I -Waste Disposal and Recycling
1. History
"'What has four wheels and flies?' A garbage truck of course" (Melosi xiii).
Centuries ago, long before anyone even thought of trucking garbage far away from homes and businesses, people used to throw their refuse out the windows into the streets ... hopefully when no one was walking by. Trash thus accumulated till it would reach the top of the upper windows and, soon enough, till it would bury the houses. Archaeologists have cleared thick layers of decomposed and intact garbage and sand to discover entire cities and civilizations heretofore lost under their own garbage. As the field researchers dug and dug deeper, they unearthed six or seven cities, each interred in its own refuse, one city on top..."
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Waste Recycling, 2005.
This paper discusses recycling as a solution for waste management.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this essay the writer discusses that waste and its disposal are acute problems throughout the world. The writer notes that the disposal of waste provides a great environmental problem around the world. The writer looks at the use of recycling as a possible solution to the problem.
From the Paper
"Waste disposal presents a big environmental problem that is universal to all nations of the world. Canada is no exception. Ontario for example has to export its waste across the border. There is no single solution to the problem and it is unlikely that our modern, industrialized society will in any near future become waste-free, as waste is an unavoidable consequence of our consumer oriented, highly industrialized society. In 2000, Canadians generated 1021 kg of non-hazardous waste per capita."
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Computer Waste & Recycling, 2004.
This paper examines computer waste and the problem of recycling computers in business.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the problem of recycling computers in business. The paper includes alternatives and a recommendation that they should be donated to charity. The paper also incorporates statistics on the scope of computer waste and studies the global implications of the problem.
From the Paper
"Trash is a problem that confronts everyone, whether in a personal or a commercial setting. Landfills are becoming filled and the media occasionally focuses on trash barges that are unable to find someplace to offload their cargo. For many companies the issue of trash is one that they have handled aggressively. Many companies recycle paper and other consumables and may even recycle office furniture. Computers pose their own set of problems when it comes to obsolescence, however."
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Recycling of Electric and Electronic Waste, 2006.
A study of reasons for and methods of recycling electronic and electrical waste.
3,580 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 29 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problems of electronic and electrical waste and outlines methods of improving recycling programs. The author explains how recycling programs can help the environment. This paper discusses current European Union resolutions for waste reduction, especially of waste products that cannot be processed in the same manner as standard household garbage. The paper contends that with over 4 kilograms of electronic waste per person annually, the UK needs to push for recycling programs immediately, and describes the programs which currently exist.
From the Paper
"In the process of discussing the waste from electronic and electric industries in Europe, we will first have to look at the basic structures as have been provided. The first of these is for the governments to fix take back requirements for the industries as also the take back specifications for them. Then they have to provide incentives for design of these items in a more efficient way for the environmental purposes. So far as the consumers are concerned they should be able to return their equipment free of charge for further disposal by the manufacturer. The first directive in this regard was issued dated 27 January 2003 and was to be implemented on 13 February 2003. The regulations for the acts by different governments were to be made during 2005. (EU Directive on Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE))"
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Integrated Waste Management, 2007.
A review of the 3 R's (reduction of waste at its source, re-usability and recycling) of waste disposal for Canada.
1,406 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses some of the problems and solutions to Canada's garbage and full landfill issues. It looks at the 3 R's of necessary alternatives - reduction of waste at its source, re-usability and recycling. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of this method of garbage disposal and makes recommendations for integrated waste management in Canada.
From the Paper
"3 R's of necessary alternatives are meant "to divert as much waste as possible from disposal" (Mitchell 377) to reduction of waste at its source, reusability, and recycling. Source reduction refers to eliminating as much waste material as possible at its origin to halt "the flow of garbage into the landfill" (The 4 R's). For the consumer it means "reducing the amount of toxicity" (Mitchell 378) in products brought home (water based instead of oil based paints), and the durability of products that will not need to be thrown out despite their inconvenience (cloth instead of disposable diapers). In industry this could include "more efficient manufacturing techniques that produce less scrap or generate fewer toxic wastes per unit of output" (Mitchell 378). In both areas, especially retail, "packaging makes up about half our garbage by volume, one-third by weight" (The 4 R's). Reusability is simply living the way our great-grandparents did down on the farm: repair, don't replace the chair, the new-fangled radio, wash out jars to store things, and if you have to buy, purchase that which lasts. Quality pays for itself. Recycling is the final option, and ideally the least desirable because it means the first two have not achieved their objectives; however, modern life being what it is, what cannot be reused should be broken down by cardboard, paper, bottles, etc. at home. In industry recycling and reusability are often reversed in their order of precedence as they are in some telephone companies who melt down quantities of scrapped copper filaments and remold them into copper wire. This might be an example of the fourth R, recovering (potential) energy from waste, a practice which was employed during wartime especially in England where railings, gates, every scrap of metal was taken by the War Office and melted down for armaments.
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Recycling.
This paper discusses recycling, one of the most environmentally-friendly means of reducing waste.
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that recycling has been around for centuries, although only recently has the modern age made efforts to promote its benefits as a crucial element of a system meant to preserve the environment. The author points out that recycling not only decreases the amount of waste in landfills and incineration plants, but also, by reusing aluminum, paper, glass, plastics, and other materials, virgin materials, as well as production and energy costs can be saved. The paper relates that the United States is not the only country currently involved in recycling programs and describes programs in Germany, the United Kingdom, and the global recycling organization know as BIR.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Centuries of Recycling
Increasing Waste
Returning to Basics
Important Facts about Recycling
Facts about Paper Recycling
Benefits of Recycling
Myths about Recycling
Those against Recycling
Recent Declines
Problems in Germany
Recycling around the World
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The world has seen an increase in waste production over the past century due to increased population and technologic advances. The "average" American discards seven and a half pounds of garbage every day, and this garbage, the solid waste stream, goes mostly to landfills, where it is compacted and buried. As the waste stream continues to grow, so will the pressures on our landfills, our resources and our environment."
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Recycling of Cardboard and Paper, 2007.
A discussion on whether cardboard and paper are wastes worth recycling.
8,182 words (approx. 32.7 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 175.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the following hypothesis: "Recycling of paper and cardboard yields contemporary and future benefits worth salvaging efforts." Recycling strategies employed by prominent recycling proponents, such as Bryan LGH in Lincoln, Nebraska are explored, while other recycling components, including details of the process are expounded. Complimentary as well as contrary reasons to recycle paper and cardboard are also evaluated. In conjunction with an extensive review of pertinent literature, along with researched garnered from Web resources, determinations are made regarding the hypothesis for this thesis. The ultimate determination, while agreeing with and confirming that benefits from recycling paper and cardboard are worth salvaging efforts, encourages ongoing studies regarding this subject.
Outline:
Introduction: Waste Not
Recycling Rationale
Looping Through the Loop
Recycling Facts
Processing "Proof"
Conclusion
The New End
Bibliography
From the Paper
"In addition to saving the cost of sending mounds of cardboard to a landfill, which would include hauling and landfill fees, BryanLGH receives fair market price for the cardboard bales. BryanLGH also collects mounds of used paper and shreds the mass to be picked up for recycling by Robert Recycling, another positive environmental practice that cuts costs and brings in funds, as this effort complies with HIPAA (American Health Insurance portability and Accountability Act). (Prenosil, 2006)."
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Sustainability, Waste Management and Incineration, 2008.
This paper discusses the issue of waste management and waste incineration as a way to manage waste.
2,573 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that waste is a non-avoidable result of high-technology industrialized economies, as more things are produced and more waste is generated. Environmental, economic and social factors involved are examined and waste incineration is compared and contrasted with land filling and the 3Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle. The writer discusses that the growing concern for the environment, a constant increase in the amounts of waste produced, economic, land and social costs involved in developing new landfill sites and public opinion have brought about the need to approach waste management in a new way. The writer maintains that the use of waste incinerators does provide certain advantages to landfill, particularly in terms of waste reductions as well as through waste-to-energy schemes. The writer concludes that the 3Rs method of waste management has the greatest potential for growth and improvement and is a sustainable way of approaching waste management.
From the Paper
"A waste incinerator involves burning waste at high temperatures inside a specially engineered and purpose-built incinerator facility. Some of the positive impacts include the reduction of the volume of waste, less fossil fuel use and less land required for disposal of leftover solid residue as well as the potential of energy-from-waste incinerators. For example, by incinerating waste, its weight and volume are greatly reduced, often by as much as 90% . Pitchtel also stated that a third, albeit unintended benefit of incineration is detoxification - the destruction of microbial and other pathogenic organisms - of the waste . Waste-to-energy incinerators boil water to make steam for heating spaces or for production of electricity."
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Waste Disposal in the U.S., 1993.
Examines public policy, laws, recycling, municipal solid waste, hazardous materials, landfills, waste-to-energy plans, industrial pollution, radioactive waste and sewage treatment.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 18 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"The more developed a country is, the more waste it produces. Waste, therefore, is an excellent standard-of-living indicator. The abundance of waste, however, is also a significant source of pollution, and this has become a major concern of governments all over the world.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) drew up the following categories for waste classification: municipal (mainly household) waste; industrial waste; residue from the production of energy; hospital and agricultural waste, mining spoil and demolition debris; dredge spoil, and sewage sludge--nuclear wastes were regarded separately (3:28). In the industrialized member countries of OECD, where 90 to 100 percent of garbage collection is carried out by municipal authority, people do not seem to worry about what happens to their household ..."
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Reducing Household Waste in the Community, 2002.
This paper analyzes the problem of community management of household waste.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 11 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a theoretical background, showing how environmental awareness, including reducing the amount of waste entering landfills and incinerators and recycling to protect the environment, is now a key concern of city planners. The author gives three examples of recycling efforts: Ireland, which has little waste problems but has started a recycling program early; Denmark, which has enormous waste problems and has implemented a waste tax with mixed results and Oregon, which has successfully used a complex but effective recycling program. The author concludes that a waste tax may benefit some communities, but the most important factors in any recycling program are: starting before waste problems become too serious, anticipating future need and educating the public of the importance and benefits of recycling.
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Recycling, 2008.
This paper discuses the arguments for and against recycling.
1,385 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that recycling has been accepted in every major city as a way of enabling people to actively participate in increasing environmental sustainability and in reducing waste. The author points out that the idea behind recycling is to reduce the amount of waste to be dealt with through burning or landfill, as well as the amount of energy needed to produce goods to replace what is wasted. The paper also looks at the argument put forth by critics of recycling, which states that recycling may be more of a "feel-good" matter than a program achieving real value and the argument of supporters of recycling who see a value even if recycling does not solve all environmental problems.
From the Paper
"A concern is that the EPA will not do a real job of oversight when an administration, such as the current Republican administration, does not want the recycling program to work or be found to work so that a different set of criteria are used in judging the system. Administrators can always change the criteria so as to make a program seem to be failing, and people will believe that the program has actually diminished in effectiveness because they think the same criteria are used now as were used last year."
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Waste Disposal, 2007.
This paper explores the three methods of waste disposal: landfill, incineration and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle).
1,416 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the accumulation of waste is an inevitable problem of highly industrialized, consumerist and rich nations, whose economies thrive on producing and creating demand for more products. The paper discusses three methods that are used to deal with waste: landfill, incineration and the 3Rs: reduce, reuse, recycle. The paper explains how all three methods are associated with various environmental and economic costs. The paper points out, however, that the 3Rs method of waste management has the greatest potential for growth and improvement.
From the Paper
"Waste is a non-avoidable result of high-technology industrialized economies. We live in a consumerist society that encourages us to shop and acquire more things. Hence more things are produced and more waste is generated. In 2000, Canadians generated 1021 kg of non-hazardous waste per capita (Statistics Canada, 2002). 747kg of this waste were disposed of per capita (Statistics Canada, 2002), while the rest was recycled. "Current waste management practices in Canada emphasize techniques and approaches that avoid or minimize the need for waste disposal" (MacLaren, 371). There are three methods used to deal with waste: landfill, incineration and the 3Rs: reduce, reuse, recycle."
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Waste Management, 2007.
This paper discusses the three methods of waste disposal; landfill, incineration and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle).
1,426 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper compares and contrasts the limitations of each the three ways of dealing with waste: landfill, incineration and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle). In particular, the paper focuses on municipal and non-hazardous waste. The paper critically examines each of these methods and their flaws. The paper argues that the 3Rs are the most sustainable ways of dealing with waste and that, despite the flaws, some of which can be fixed, this is the best long-term solution.
Outline:
Landfill
Incineration
The 3Rs
From the Paper
"Waste disposal presents a big environmental problem that is universal to all nations of the world. Canada is no exception. "In 2000, Canadians generated 1021 kg of non-hazardous waste per capital" Statistics Canada (qtd. in McLaren, 373.) Waste is an increasing problem within our consumerist society, since not only has it brought about adverse environmental impact but it is also becoming increasingly expensive to deal with it and we are producing more despite all our efforts. In Canada for example "non-hazardous waste disposal per capita was 7 per cent higher in 2000 than in 1996" (Mclaren, 373). Gandy states that "many US cities now face a tax burden for their solid waste management which is exceeded only by education and roads" (31)."
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Waste Dump Landfills, 1989.
Discusses garbage (toxic & non-toxic) problems, statistics, waste-to-energy plants, scrubbers, costs, incinerators, recycling and state laws.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
" Only in recent years has there been a growing awareness in the United States concerning waste dump sites. Landfills, as they are known, first came into public view in 1978 when the Love Canal incident in Niagara Falls, New York was revealed. It was discovered that toxic wastes that had been dumped into the canal in previous years by Hooker Chemicals and Plastics Corporation had begun to seep up into houses and schools that had been built ignorantly upon the dump site. The wastes were first suspected of causing health hazards when numerous occurrences of miscarriages and birth defects were reported from the area near the canal. In 1980, President Carter declared the canal an emergency area that demanded immediate attention. He evacuated 710 families, joining another 239 families that had already (...)"
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