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Reconstruction: The Failure of The Union, 2002.
Examines the Union's approach to reconstruction after the American Civil War, some of the errors it made during reconstruction, and the ramifications of those errors.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
The American Civil War was thought to be the end of conflict in the United States. However, in many ways it was the beginning of many new problems. The Union that had gained control of the country is seen as building on victory, yet in this endeavour they made many mistakes which were to have long term consequences. This paper considers the mistakes, what they were, how they were made and why they were made along with the impact they had on the future.
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Reconstruction of the South After the Civil War, 1999.
A historical analysis of the post-Civil War Reconstruction of the South and the differences between the different stages of Reconstruction.
685 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, $ 24.95
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From the Paper
"Although the American Civil War effectively ended in April, 1865 with the surrenders of Confederate Generals Robert E. Lee and Albert S. Johnston in Virginia and North Carolina, respectively, the fight for the peace, that is, reconstruction, had merely begun. Reconstruction involved federal control of Southern state governments and the South?s reincorporation into the union, its political reconstruction. Reconstruction began at the end of the Civil War, under the presidency of Andrew Johnson. Presidential reconstruction was essentially conservative. However, Congressional reconstruction, which effectively superceded the Reconstruction efforts of the politically enfeebled Johnson, was radical in nature. Radical reconstruction was intended to be both punitive, and to amend Southern society."
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The End Of The Civil War and Reconstruction, 1995.
An discussion of how Johnson's plan for reconstruction was very different from what Lincoln had envisioned. Deals with this in terms of: political reconstruction; economics and labor and religion and society.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 31.95
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From the Paper
"THE END OF THE CIVIL WAR AND THE RECONSTRUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Lincoln's plan of reconstruction was designed to restore the Southern states to the Union with maximum speed and a minimum of Federal intervention. The great majority of white southerners would receive amnesty and full power to reestablish loyal state government. In contrast, Andrew Johnson romanticized the self-sufficient farmer, and seemed to dream of an agrarian utopia free of the influence of the rich planter aristocracy. But he also viewed the future economic role of blacks as no more than that of an unskilled agricultural worker. Johnson's agrarian vision was never realized and the old southern aristocracy which he originally criticized, gradually regained much of its former influence ..."
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Reconstruction, 2002.
A study on the reconstruction of the south after the American Civil War.
2,305 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the goals and methods of reconstruction of the southern states after the American Civil War. It states that reconstruction tried to achieve a certain degree of racial egalitarianism of the blacks with two vital amendments to the constitution: The 14th and 15th amendments. The paper describes the counter productivity with the government?s clemency towards the southern states, which introduced black codes to suppress the African-American population. The author states that reconstruction achieved much regardless of its obvious weaknesses: schools were built to educate blacks and the poor whites, roads were constructed and the shield given to life and property were certainly key achievements of the government.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Reconstruction and its Weaknesses
Attitude of white Southerners
Compromise of 1877
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Even after the liberation declaration proclamation, two more years of war, service by African American troops, and the overwhelm of the confederacy, the nation was still unprepared to deal with the question of full citizenship for its newly at liberty black population. The reconstruction implemented by Congress, which lasted from 1866 to 1877, was aimed at reorganizing the Southern states after the Civil War, providing the means for at restructure the southern states. After the Civil War, providing the means for readmitting them into the union, and defining the means by which whites and blacks could live jointly in a no slave society. The South, however, saw reconstruction as a humiliating, even unforgiving burden and did not welcome it."
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Reconstruction Period And Race Relations, 2002.
Discusses race relations during the Reconstruction period in the U.S. and takes a look at their lasting impact on race relations today.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of race relations during the Reconstruction period with reference to the book "A short History of Reconstruction" by Eric Foner. Reconstruction was the time immediately after the Civil war that showed the deep and sharp racial division that existed in the American society and the author is of the view that many of the race-related problems that still persist in the country have their roots in the Reconstruction period.
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Reconstruction, 2002.
An evaluation of the success of the Reconstruction period after the Civil War.
1,417 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the Reconstruction period after the Civil War was a time when America attempted to rebuild the structures and societal elements that had been lost during the war. It examines how reconstruction was not only about building the structures again, but was also about rebuilding and redefining American values and how the entire economic structure and socioeconomic culture needed to be re-defined. It explores the issues of the success or failure of the Civil War on the basis of whether the goals of the war were realized in the reconstruction period. It supports the position that the reconstruction was a success and that the accomplishments during this time period laid the foundation groundwork for future reforms.
From the Paper
"Many who support the idea that the Civil War was a splendid failure, including Foner, do so on the grounds that the condition of the blacks in the North was not an immediate and drastic improvement. They were not afforded the same benefits and status of the whites. However, one must remember that they could at least earn a wage, and as slaves this opportunity did not exist. The black person may have had to work longer and harder than the whites for less pay and a substandard lifestyle, but we must remember that in the South, they had substandard living conditions and did not have the chance to earn a wage. Working in the northern factories gave the blacks a way out; some worked and saved their money. They could buy themselves education and eventually became a force to be reckoned with and a voice to be heard in the years to come."
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Reconstruction, 2006.
A review of the Reconstruction era of American history.
776 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Reconstruction era in American history. According to the paper, Reconstruction needs to be distinguished from the winning of the Civil War by the North. The paper reports that once the war was won in 1865, the North, under President Lincoln and then President Johnson, began the first phase of Reconstruction, which lasted two years, until the end of 1866. The paper further reports that Reconstruction, which eventually lasted 12 years, was generally not a successful policy.
From the Paper
"Southerners did not flock to become Republicans as the North desired, but when they were allowed to be Democrats, they worked hard to restore legitimate legislation and patriotism."
"Meanwhile the attitude of Southerners toward the Blacks remained the same as before the war. Declaring a people free did not erase the subordinate and inferior image that the Whites had of the Blacks. Even those blacks who had served in the military faced persecution and prejudice. "
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Reconstruction of the United States, 2007.
A review of the positive and negative outcomes of the Reconstruction of the United States.
939 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Reconstruction of the United States. It analyzes the positives and negatives of the Reconstruction period. The paper concludes that the Reconstruction, though a positive and valid idea, did not accomplish what it was intended to accomplish. However, the paper does mention the positive outcomes that did eventuate from the period.
From the Paper
"The Reconstruction of the United States is a period that has been a topic of debate for generations. There were so many complex problems after the Civil War; it isn't surprising that many still don't have a full understanding of how the solutions were made. For a century after the war, historians claimed the Reconstruction to be a total failure to all Americans, with the belief that Southerners were capable of rebuilding without government interference and that former slaves were intellectually inferior to whites and incapable of running a government. Though there were a number of accomplishments during the Reconstruction period, the conclusion that is most apparent is that the Reconstruction was a failure, not only did it not live up to the standards of the "Radical" Republicans, but it was not revolutionary and only offered temporary visions of a better society."
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The Reconstruction Era, 2007.
This paper discusses the difficulties and diverse processes used to direct the slow and confusing political evolution of the South during the Reconstruction era after the end of the Civil War.
2,835 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that, although the era of reconstruction after the Civil War is often referred to as "The Tragic Era" or "The Age of Hate", the treatment given the South is considered to be the mildest punishment ever inflicted after an unsuccessful Civil War. The author points out that the fact that the Civil War brought forth the inherent differences of the people of the North and the South underscores the success of the political leadership of the North and the adaptability of the South in ultimately unifying the country. The paper explains that the three phases of political reconstruction of the South---the presidential, radical and redemption periods---not only reconstructed the South but also strengthened the entire country's political system.
From the Paper
"The redemption period of reconstruction between the years of 1873-77 brought more trouble and many conclude this was the ending stage of reconstruction. The North "would help the return of decent government, and whatever elements obstruct the attainment of so desirable an end, whether ignorance, lust power or greed of plunder will be thrust aside". The Republican Party was divided because of racial tensions. The radical Republicans didn't want blacks to hold office, but would allow them to vote. This disagreement allowed Democrats to increase in strength. The poor blacks and whites ... "
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Reconstruction and the American Civil War, 2007.
An analysis of the decade of Reconstruction, following the American Civil War, and its implications to Americans.
1,031 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the scope and effects of the American Civil War on American society. It then attempts to provide an explanation for the peculiar trend that the war's denouement and crucial aftermath (the decade of Reconstruction) is so noticeably absent from historical accounts. The paper look at the ways in which Reconstruction is a painful and divisive topic for all Americans, even today.
From the Paper
"Despite some successes, the complicated, limited, 'unfinished' nature of both Reconstructions is most likely the reason for the gap in the scholarship on this topic amongst people who were in favour of Reconstruction, as well as their reluctance to create further antagonism over an issue that continues to divide America. This is not to say there is no literature on Reconstruction, but of the works that do exist, many contradict one another over lines of time, race, location and political affiliation. There does not seem to be consensus over many issues at all, and it seems that no conclusion has been reached with regard to this period's real meaning and significance. It is not surprising that those people who were 'anti-Reconstruction' (many of whom subscribe to the ideas of the 'Lost Cause') remained equally quiet and divided over an issue that incites such passion. They too feel the failure of the period (perhaps more specifically the 20th Century version) in that black people did improve their position substantially from what it was under slavery, and did enjoy gains that so threatened white citizens of the South (provoking the brutality which for some, may be a source of shame). It is no surprise these people remain reluctant to dredge up old scars."
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The Ku Klux Klan?s Origins During Reconstruction, 2003.
A history of the Ku Klux Klan from its beginnings as a social club during the post-Civil War Reconstruction period to its eventual weakening at the hands of the U.S. government in the 1870s.
4,354 words (approx. 17.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with a description of the history of the Ku Klux Klan from its foundation in 1866 as a social group of ex-Confederate soldiers to its "death" in the early 1870s after a crackdown by the U.S. government on Klan activities. The paper begins with a brief history of Reconstruction and the attempts by the north to bring about a peaceful unity with the south once again. The limitations put on former Confederates is emphasized as one of the main reasons for the Klan's birth, as many ex-Confederates felt that the north had completely erased any power that they had, or would ever, hold in southern politics. The paper then shifts to the Klan itself, citing journal entries by one of the six original founders for the details of how the Klan began as a social club meant to simply pass the time during Reconstruction. The Klan grew from its humble beginnings however to something more sinister, spouting out racial superiority against the freed blacks and attempting to win political power for whites in the south. Members of the Klan felt betrayed by the United States Congress for giving so much to African-Americans after the Civil War, and acting through the disguise of the Ku Klux Klan's ceremonial "hoods", they were able to enact their own justice through anonymity. The paper also gives a detailed breakdown of the organization of the first Ku Klux Klan, from regional outlets to its first supreme leader, the infamous Confederate cavalry war veteran, Nathan Bedford Forrest. Citing Forrest's actions during the war and his obvious hatred for African-Americans in all of his rhetoric, the paper demonstrates that although Forrest would attempt to hide his involvement with the Klan after a United States investigation, his guilt is well established. The paper ends with the early 1870s Congressional investigation of the Klan and the restrictions that were placed upon it under President Grant.
From the Paper
"The representatives assigned mythical names to their roles of leadership, giving more to that aura of secrecy and intrigue that drew more members into the Klan. The supreme officer of the Klan would be known as "The Grand Wizard of the Empire" and would have full control over Klan activities in the South. Below him would be Grand Dragons, who would organize statewide Klan activity. To rule over individual chapters of the Klan, the presidents of regional Ku Klux Klan sections would be known as the Grand Cyclops. This class structure continues down to the standard member, who ironically would be known as "Ghouls"."
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African-Americans and Reconstruction, 2007.
This paper discusses the Reconstruction period in America and looks at the treatment of African-Americans.
3,670 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the Reconstruction period and examines how the African-Americans were treated. The writer also discusses that there were issues that Caucasian individuals had to deal with as well, and many of these issues also affected the African-American population. The writer concludes that African-Americans have never completely gained their freedom, but things are working toward more freedom for African-Americans. The writer maintains that when they are no longer judged by the color of their skin, they will truly be free.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
African-Americans and Bias
Violence and Significance
Problems with Reconstruction
The Emancipation Proclamation
Land Grants and Job Opportunities
Masters and Freedmen
The Freedom of African-Americans
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Originally, the Reconstruction was hailed as a terribly boring time in U.S. history, but much of it is rich with interesting information and recently some credibility has come back to it, designating it a part of history that deserves further study. Many believed that everything that was learned and accomplished throughout the Reconstruction had been lost before it was actually over and that the idea of social improvement that it carried ended up being a failure. However, some of the things that were accomplished during the reconstruction and a great deal of what was learned remained with the country after it was over and built the foundations for many of the things that go on today.
The Reconstruction period was very valuable for many reasons and not all of these had to do with the emancipation of African-American individuals. Examples such as the slaves who took care of Jefferson Davis's plantation after he died indicated that African-Americans were very much interested in the reconstruction and found it very valuable."
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Reconstruction, 2002.
A paper which examines the reconstruction of the Union after the American Civil War.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The reconstruction of the Union, the peace process and the return of the defeated Confederate states to the Union was problematic socially, economically and physically. This paper examines the political steps taken to reconstruct the Union and the problems faced.
From the Paper
"It became strikingly apparent that Reconstruction from the congressional standpoint was a complete failure. Harsh laws could not help mobilize the South into economic and political viability. Gradually, Southern states began electing members of the Democratic Party to office. By 1876, only three Southern states had Republicans in control - mere vestiges of the policies of the Radical Republicans.
The following year, President Rutherford B. Hayes removed the Northern troops that remained in the South. It was an unspoken admittance of the failure of the Radical reconstruction policy."
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The Reconstruction of Iraq, 2004.
A discussion of whether the reconstruction of Iraq is the responsibility of the U.S. or the U.N.
783 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, because the U.S. is generally recognized around the world as the bastion of democracy, it is natural that it should spearhead the international community?s attempt to reconstruct and ensure peace, unity, and stability in Iraq. It looks at how, because there are apparent hostilities between the U.S. and Middle Eastern nations, which are mostly Islamic societies, there are contentions whether U.S. will be able to do this, especially now that is facing political and military problems due to recent reports on Iraqi prisoners? abuse and torture by the U.S. military. It explores how the U.N can work together with the U.S. to implement the Iraq reconstruction program.
From the Paper
"The first weakness pointed out by Brown refers to the US government?s ?propensity? to mishandle rehabilitation programs abroad; a case in point is the failure of the US government during the 1970s to ?save? South Vietnam from the Communist influence of North Vietnam. A similar even is also presently occurring that illustrates the weak US foreign policy, especially when dealing with prisoners-of-war (POWs). Recent reports of Iraqi prisoners abuse by the military created outrage among Iraqis, which further worsened the already poor efforts of the US government?s reconstruction program in the country (Ensor & Mount, 2004). The UN can remedy this problem of weak foreign policy by taking over the US government?s job, replacing it with a ?neutral? institution that will serve as intermediary not only between Iraq and US, but among other nations as well."
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The Reconstruction of the Individual, 2005.
This paper reviews the literature on the concept of reconstruction of the individual and the definition of self.
2,050 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that humans are required to interact socially in a process of reconstruction from the moment of birth in order to survive and thrive but they are born with specific genetic propensities. The author points out that the inborn need of humans for social verification makes them unconsciously attempt to become part of what every group with which they identify. The paper concludes that not only are individuals always in the process of reconstructing themselves but also the world and other people are continuing to modify this process through work and education.
From the Paper
"The baby discovers that he or she has a gender and there are other people with different genders. As this child matures and goes to school, the emerging sense of self discovers others who in time may become friends or not friends. By the time the child has reached puberty, he/she is the sum of the intrinsic unconscious self and that self's perception of the events in his or her life. Through out adulthood, the self will be modified by exposure to different people, different employers and by acting out new roles such as husband, wife, parent or grandparent."
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