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Recidivism and Corrections, 2008.
This paper discusses recidivism and the correction system in the United States.
1,167 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer reviews the high recidivism rates in the United States and looks at what this says about the nations' correctional system. Specifically, the paper argues that the emphasis has too often been upon punishment and not nearly enough upon rehabilitation and re-integration. As a result, the writer maintains that a distressingly low number of inmates are receiving the therapeutic intervention they need and many more are not receiving the skills development they need, either. This must change if recidivism is to drop appreciably.
From the Paper
"Recidivism among those exiting the United States correctional system is a serious problem for a host of reasons. For one thing, if the state has devoted billions of dollars towards cutting down crime rates by incarcerating dangerous offenders only to have those same individuals re-offend upon release, then the monies set towards housing them in institutions has been, for all intents and purposes, wasted. Furthermore, high recidivism rates (especially among violent offenders) means greater risk for the general public and that means fear, general misunderstanding, and an overwhelmingly negative public perception of the correctional system in the United States. Unfortunately, public fears about the relative inefficacy of the correctional system appear to be well-founded in America."
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Recidivism And Prison Boot Camp, 2002.
A research study on the high prison recidivism rate.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 12 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
Research study on high prison recidivism rate. Major problem of recidivism in the criminal corrections system. Use of schock incarcertation or the prison boot camp concept as an approach to solving the problem. Goal and objectives of shock incarcertation and other alternative approaches. Cites results based on studies.
From the Paper
"RECIDIVISM: A REVIEW AND AN ANALYSIS
I. Introduction
The essence of the major problem confronting criminal corrections in the United States is the unacceptably high recidivism rate among the offenders processed through the system. The results of the application of many different approaches to the problem fail to provide a definitive answer to the recidivism problem. One approach that has become widely used in the United States is shock incarceration, or the prison boot camp concept (Bentayou, 1995).
Early research on the use of shock incarceration gave the programs glowing reviews. In all too many instances, however, the studies assessed limited data and tended to develop the findings that advocates of the concept wanted (Marcus-Mendoza, Klein-Saffran ..."
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Goals Of Corrections, 2007.
An analysis of the five goals of corrections and their application.
2,034 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the five goals of corrections which are retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation and restoration. It discusses the history, philosophy, development and empirical validity of each goal. The paper then concludes with a statement of recommendation as to the preferred corrections theory stating why that is the theory thought superior to the other corrections theories. Finally, it discusses which should serve to guide corrections in the future.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Retribution
Deterrence
Rehabilitation
Incapacitation
Restoration
Summary
Recommendations For Future Corrections
From the Paper
"Clearly research demonstrates both positive and negative results from use of the strategies of retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation; restoration and certainly what is the best correctional strategy for one type of individual might not be the best whatsoever for use with another individual. The individual who is truly criminally insane will not respond to any of the attempts in correction strategies except that of incapacitation in a prison facility. Just as clearly no individual who is logical would consider Charles Manson or Theodore Bundy as eligible profiles for the restorative justice program or even for rehabilitation program or indeed of any other than imprisonment or death by execution There are however, very potentially productive, useful, and worthy individuals who are shuffled into the correction system due to their inability to hire a lawyer or lack of knowledge concerning their rights to having representation appointed to them that with education and knowledge or skills acquisition can be successfully rehabilitation or restored to society and within the community. Recently there has been documented an additional strategy in criminal justice corrections which is described as a 'transformational' process and is a cognitive-behavioral approach in treatment."
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Recidivism Rate In The United States., 2002.
Focuses on the rate of recidivism and its possible causes.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This ten-page junior level paper focuses on the rate of recidivism and its possible causes. Several researches have been conducted on this subject with Quinsey study being the most important and reliable as it is based on data collected over two decades. Recidivism rate is high in the United States as FBI claims that 74 percent of all offenders return to prison within four years of their release. This shows that there is something seriously wrong with rehabilitation programs and the policies on which they are based. Quinsey and his associated maintain that with the identification of correct risk predictor, a better rehabilitation program can be designed.
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Juvenile Recidivism, 2007.
An analysis of the causal factors and variables that impact and affect recidivism among juvenile offenders.
3,181 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
The central impetus of this paper is firstly to provide a comprehensive overview of the factors that influence recidivism in juveniles. The focus in this proposal is on the causative factors that emanate from juvenile delinquency and which can be seen to extend to recidivistic behavior. The aim of the research, however, is not only to document these causative factors but also to integrate and a suggest patterns within these various factors.
Outline:
Introduction: Aims and Intentions of This Study
An Overview of the Problematics of Juvenile Recidivism
The Problematics of Recidivism as a Result of Legal and Court Process
Causal Variables
Theoretical Concerns
Conclusion
From the Paper
"An important aspect that also forms a crucial part of the debate about recidivism and effective measures is that in many studies punishment is often considered a les effective means of dealing with this problem. In the view of Barron ( 1954) " Punishment is especially likely to be followed by recidivism, possibly because punishment does not reform and because it results in social ostracism of the punished. The younger the child is at the time of his or her first adjudication as a delinquent, the greater is the likelihood that there will be recidivism. " (Barron, 1954, p. 319)"
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Recidivism and the Texas Criminal Justice System, 2002.
This paper examines whether the Texas prison education system reduces recidivism in Texas state prisons.
4,012 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
The focus of this study is on the Texas state prisons and the education system in the State prisons. Before analyzing the effects of the Texas education system on recidivism in Texas, the paper provides a general overview of the Texas criminal justice system and the general theories of rehabilitation. Furthermore, there is a discussion of the theory of education as a way of reducing recidivism. The paper investigates whether the Texas prison education system works in reducing recidivism. The case study of the Project RIO that is initiated by the State government which illustrates the fact that education system has to be combined with other strategies in order for the rate of recidivism to decline.
From the Paper
"Although studies in the ?70s have shown that correctional higher education is significant in reducing recidivism rates, the public outcry against crime and opportunities given to inmates has resulted in a reversal of the educational approach towards inmates in the ?90s. In the early ?90s, elected representatives started to forbid federal tuition assistance to inmates. In the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, there was a provision that denied all prisoners access to federal Pell Grants. Essentially, the provision was included to deter prisoners from viewing prisons as relaxing places that offered educational opportunities (The Center on Crime, Communities & Culture, 1997)."
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Milwaukee County House of Corrections, 2002.
Examining how the trend of increasing number of inmates in correction facilities impacts the quality of health care for inmates, focusing on the Milwaukee County House of Corrections.
2,794 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the prison industry has become a growth industry. It explains that there has been an explosive increase in the inmate population, along with a corresponding increase in facilities. In terms of public health, this means that there are more individuals with major medical problems in confined spaces, and that there are serious prevention and treatment needs. This paper focuses on the situation in the Milwaukee County House of Corrections located in Franklin, Wisconsin in order to discover some of the problems there, and then devises a plan for an intervention from a public health perspective.
From the Paper
"For Dubik-Unruh (1999), one answer is to use nurses' knowledge and access to the prison population to influence prison policy toward the development and implementation of more educational and prevention programs for both prisoners and staff. She noted that nurses can serve as advocates for prisoners, since they are more likely to gain the trust of the prisoners than corrections staff and also likely to retain the trust of prison officials, because of their education and status."
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?The Corrections?, 2002.
A review of the book ?The Corrections? by Jonathan Franzen.
979 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the book ?The Corrections? by Jonathan Franzen which follows the paths of two generations of the Lambert family from mid-century through the late 1990?s, emphasizing the similarities and differences of the lives of the characters. It analyzes how the characters, in their quest to correct, lose some of the most essential elements of humanity and how in Enid?s case, she tortures her children by dreaming for them, in an effort to make them corrected versions of her. This drives them away, resulting in instability and lack of familial structure and as a result, she feels the need to correct this new problem and becomes obsessed with bringing everyone together again.
From the Paper
"Enid?s struggles are the center of the family. She is an example of how corrections can go too far. In one scene, the author recalls a time when the children were young and Enid felt she needed to ?correct? her husband?s nasty behavior. To do so, she cooks a terrible meal and her youngest son, Chip, is the victim of his parents? battle. Enid forces Chip to sit at the table until he is finished eating. He ends up sleeping at the table?an innocent victim of corrections."
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Recidivism in Pre-Release Prisoners, 2003.
A scholarly analysis of the factors that contribute to the incidence of recidivism in the pre-release prisoner population in the United States.
2,975 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies those factors that can serve to reduce the potential for recidivism; to this end, there is a need to determine why people continue to break the law and return to the criminal justice system. It explains that, based on the failures of the system to date, it may be that criminal justice researchers do not take advantage of the existing statistical data to the maximum extent possible in order to provide intelligent reasoned recommendations concerning effective use of available resources. It is the position of this research project that, based on existing information concerning rates of recidivism, a survey form can be designed to help identify the potential for future criminal acts by prisoners in a pre-release status.
From the Paper
"Over the last 30 years the American prison population has grown dramatically, and upon release, many convicts return to crime as a way of life after serving their sentences (Schmalleger, 1995, p. 424). Probation and parole officers are overloaded with cases and cannot properly help or supervise all the people assigned to them, Many jails and prisons are severely overcrowded, and riots, beatings and killings occur frequently. The controversy over the role of the correctional system focuses on whether they should be rehabilitated. Some people believe the purpose of imprisoning offenders is to prevent them from committing more crimes. However, it is the position of this study that this prevention may only be temporary if researchers do not find out why convicts commit more crimes in the first place."
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Offender Recidivism and Employment, 2007.
A research study examining the difficulties that offenders face in finding employment once they are released from prison and how this impacts rates of recidivism.
9,616 words (approx. 38.5 pages), 66 sources, MLA, $ 196.95
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Abstract
This paper aims to discuss the employment-related dilemma faced by offenders on penal supervision and how their employment status as ex-convicts determines their success on supervised settings and the possibility of their re-offending. The study looks at some of the growing literature regarding the need to provide employment assistance to offenders as a strategy to reduce the incidence of recidivism. A critical review and appraisal is also made of transitional job reentry programs for ex-convicts to determine which methods and strategies work and which do not.
Outline:
Abstract
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Introduction
Literature Review
Employment & Crime
Barriers
Recidivism
Low Labor Market Value
Reentry Strategies
Findings
Iv. Summary, Conclusion & Recommendations
V. References
From the Paper
"Research shows that ex-convicts who are gainfully employed are less likely to return to jail (State Progress, 2007), thus reinforcing the view that employment for ex-prisoners benefits society tremendously by reducing the chances for recidivism. This makes employment the key that could unlock a solution to the perennial problem of recidivism, the primary reason for prison congestion and overcrowding. However, individuals with criminal or arrest records face formidable challenges in finding employment, which challenges actually jeopardize public safety by contributing to recidivism (State Progress, 2007). There are also the incalculable economic costs that accrue from recidivism because of the need to allocate endless funds for the upkeep and maintenance of prisons. "
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Offenders and Recidivism, 2004.
An examination of the cultural issues unique to the African-American juvenile offender that may contribute to recidivism.
2,544 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how there are many factors that affect offenders? status and the rate of recidivism. In particular, it looks at how, in addition to complicating personal and family of origin issues, many African-American youths are trapped in systems that reduce the likelihood of their benefiting from or participating in educational or vocational programs. It attempts to show how, in the combined services of social work, educators, parents, and the criminal juvenile justice system, there is hope that a broken system can be fixed to reduce the rate of recidivism among African-American juveniles.
From the Paper
"But what are the psychosocial characteristics of these young people who commit crime so often and so long? Some of the characteristics typically associated with court-involved youth are things like a lack of stable family environment, lack of a family support system or poor family relationships, abuse in the family (including sexual abuse), lack of attachment to school and community, poor school performance, poverty, early parenthood, negative peer group influences, early experimentation with drugs and/or persistent alcohol and drug use. Also, there is a two to six times greater chance that children of incarcerated parents will end up in prison, as compared to their peers. A recent survey of children of offenders by the Corrections Association of New York found that 41 percent of teenagers had been suspended from school and 31 percent had run-ins with the police."
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DUI's and Offender Recidivism in Chicago, 2002.
A discussion on recidivism and driving while under the influence of alcohol with a focus on Chicago.
4,900 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 178.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes issues involving recidivism and driving while under the influence of alcohol offenders in terms of the effects of chronic DUI offenders, the types of therapeutic programs used, and their effectiveness. The focus is upon DUI recidivism in the city of Chicago, but the national impact is covered as well.
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Three Strikes and Recidivism, 2008.
The paper proposes a study on the effects of Three Strikes legislation upon recidivism.
758 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews studies on the effect of mandatory sentencing upon recidivism as well as the deterrence effect of Three Strikes legislation. The paper highlights the political overtones of these studies and then discusses the design of a study to determine the effects of the Three Strikes legislation upon recidivism.
From the Paper
"The most blatant symptom that the corrections system is not functioning properly is the rate of recidivism, those that were thought to have been rehabilitated or paid their debt to society become re-involved with the criminal justice system. Prisons are far too crowded and society will not tolerate a revolving door policy, either felons once convicted need to be permanently separated from society or upon their release need to feel highly motivated to choose another path and not become a repeat customer. One area of particular interest and controversy are the "Three Strikes" laws of many states; understanding that there are a myriad of theories concerning the reduction of recidivism, a study of the effects of enhanced sentencing for repeat offenders was selected."
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Corrections and Rehabilitation, 2005.
An examination of the corrections system and its merits.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the phenomenon of recidivism and what is being done or not done to combat it. In particular, three questions relating to deterrence, the relative merits (or demerits) of collective and selective incapacitation and the salutary effects of education upon recidivism will be explored and answered. The paper concludes that while much remains to be written and uncovered vis-a-vis criminal activity, it does appear as though new scholarship is offering opportunities that the American penal system would be foolish not to examine.
From the Paper
"What is Deterrence? What criminological theory underlies this perspective? Based on the existing evidence, do correctional sanctions "work" to reduce crime? In short, is deterrence effective? Deterrence is commonly defined as the belief that someone can be prevented from committing a crime through fear of the potential consequences arising from commission of the offense in question ("Deterrence", 2005, sec.1). The criminological theory underlying this perspective is known as the Classical school of criminology. Under this view, the objective of punishment is to deter criminals and the severity of the penalty should be only so great as to deter re-occurrence of the crime. This school of thought was heavily indebted to Jeremy Bentham and to his theory of the "hedonistic calculus"."
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Privatization of Policing and Corrections, 2001.
This paper discusses the problems associated with privatization of policing and corrections sectors of public administration.
3,125 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on privatization of policing and corrections, providing a history of privatization. Particular attention is given to bounty hunter abuses and the state of privatized correctional facilities, which is supported by research and an interview with a consultant to a California state senator.
From the Paper
"Privatization is the opposite of going public, which is the direction that many of our criminal justice agencies are heading toward. Privatization of policing and corrections are particular areas that have been experimenting with going private. Public agencies have been relying on private policing and correctional corporations to cut costs for services that state and federal agencies feel they cannot handle. There is an economic tug of war between politicians who are out to save money and eliminate state and federal spending abuses, while state and federal employees, particularly unions, are opposed. They believe that this cannot be achieved without reducing the quality of service and the elimination of much needed state and federal jobs. While these private companies are sometimes able to save money for state and federal agencies who are not able to provide these services in a way that is economically feasible, the officers who are losing jobs are up in arms."
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