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Reading Motivation, 2007.
A discussion on fostering reading motivation through process drama.
2,319 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how a wide range of theories have been advanced to help foster reading motivation among young learners, with some methods being more effective than others. The paper looks at how process drama has been shown to be effective in fostering reading motivation among young learners. Additionally, the paper provides an overview of Readers Theatre and process drama and how teachers can use these techniques to foster reading motivation among young learners today. A critical review of the relevant literature is used to identify effective techniques that can be used to specifically implement process drama in the elementary and middle school classroom. These techniques help make reading more enjoyable to children and adolescents, improve their reading skills and help them see the value of reading in their lives.
Outline:
i)Introduction
ii)Review and Discussion:
Background and Overview
What Process Drama/Readers Theater is and How It is Implemented
How Readers Theatre/Process Drama Can Foster Reading Motivation
Future Areas for Research
iii)Conclusion
iv)References
From the Paper
"While the Readers Theatre approach has enjoyed wide support with proven results in a wide range of settings, these authors suggest that there is a very real downside to its use over the long-term: "Students need to understand that the goal of all reading is constructing meaning, and it is important that instructional activities have a clear purpose that matches students' needs and interests. Repeated reading, while clearly effective in the short term, may not hold students' attention over long periods" (Worthy & Prater, 2002, p. 295). Moreover, while fluency is widely considered to be an essential aspect of reading, Worthy and Prater (2002) point out that, "Children's ability to read fluently does more than make them sound like good readers; it is evidence that they comprehend what they are reading."
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Literacy Instruction and Reading Motivation, 2002.
An examination of the connection between literacy instruction and reading motivation in students with language learning difficulties.
2,205 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines whether there is a connection between reading and motivation in literacy instruction. Literacy instruction programs have proven to students that developing reading and writing skills on an academic level can increase leadership, social and communication skills. The writer shows that once the students experience the advantages of expanding his or her literacy skills in ways that are important to him or her, then his or her learning is accelerated. Literacy instruction provides learning assistance more specifically than the average classroom environment. The paper also examines experiments which were conducted that tested the students' reading and writing motivation after an intense literacy-training program. This essay also proves how literacy training motivated students to expand students reading and writing skills.
From the Paper
"According to the 2001 edition of Digest of Education Statistics, student dropout rate due to literacy problems were primarily determined by race along with other predetermined factors. In the year of 1995, the average dropout rate among Hispanics were 2.7 percent, Blacks were 2.3 percent, and the dropout averages for Whites were between 1.5 and 1.6 percent (Snyder, 2001). Most experts agree that the Hispanic dropout rate were high because of his or her lack of motivation to learn how to read and write the English language. Before the requirements for specialized literacy instruction specialists were raised, Hispanics along with other cultures, were expected to learn how to read and write English as quickly and as fluently as Native Americans. Naturally, students from other cultures did not begin learn to read and write at the same time, but the students were expected to learn reading and writing at the same rate as peers of his or her age."
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Reading Motivation, 2002.
A look at the factors that help or hinder reading motivation in children.
3,749 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how reading is indisputably the most important skill attained by children during their educational careers and how reading motivation among children is a multi-faceted construct involving several different dimensions. It analyzes, through a literature review, how these dimensions may be helped or hindered through classroom factors involving the teacher, curriculum, and social interactions. It shows how intrinsic motivation appears to be the most important factor for the promotion of frequent, positive reading practices among children, while extrinsic motivators may be helpful, but their use warrants careful consideration. It also reviews several programs that have been initiated in America in attempts to foster a love of reading among children.
From the Paper
"Neuman (2001) stressed that the more contact children have with books, the better readers they will be come and the more they will read. Struggling readers, especially, need an environment that encourages them to read and write without intimidation, and 30 to 40 minutes should be devoted each day to silent sustained reading (Yadegari & Ryan, 2002). Bell (2003) suggested that every class should be started with students doing some type of reading exercise, whether silent, in groups, or teacher-led. This increased reading can be promoted by teachers reading to children daily and by having children interact with books often in the classroom library area. This author also explains how certain characteristics and design features strongly influence whether or not library centers may be used by children to their full potential."
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The Adolescent's Motivation to Read, 2007.
An assessment of the factors influencing an adolescent's motivation to read.
2,004 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses the motivations of the adolescent individual to read. It begins by looking into what characterizes the age of adolescence and how this may affect an adolescent's desire to read and her success in reading. It also analyzes the effects of an individual adolescent's failure to be successful in reading. The paper also discusses how these factors need to be taken into account when planning classroom instruction in this area of learning.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
Definitions & Terms of the Research
Present Issues
Concrete Instructional Practices/Strategies for Classroom Incorporation
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Wigfield has identified the important of the beliefs of students in relation to their own competence in reading and the fact that adolescents are often more motivated for 'non traditional' reading than they are for 'in school' reading. Adolescents often suffer from resistance to reading and disaffection for reading which may overcome meaningful reading experiences and reading material that has connections to the subject area. Reading instruction that is collaborative has also been found to be effective in motivating adolescent learners in reading instruction. (Wigfield, nd)"
"Stated in the work of Alvermann is the important fact that while instructional practices that vary have been shown to have little effect on student reading levels and achievement 'engagement of students' has been shown to be "the mediating factor, or avenue" (2001) or path through which the instructor may use their classroom instructional practice for positively impact the outcome of the student in reading achievement and reading comprehension."
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Motivating Learning in Reading and Math, 2002.
Creating a revised curriculum using constructivist methods to create a classroom situation that is more motivating for young students. The specific focus is reading for young boys and math for young girls.
7,954 words (approx. 31.8 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 171.95
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Abstract
This in-depth and thorough study examines the problem that American students lag behind others in reading and maths skills. The study involves a detailed exploration of the literature on motivating learning, with a focus on new constructivist philosophies and techniques. These are used to construct a revised curriculum plan for a brief unit combining work with both math and reading. From this plan, two sample lesson plans were developed.
Abstract
Introduction
Historical Context
Goals and Rationale
Review of the Literature
Motivating Learning
Constructivism
Lay-out of Theme
People to Study
Problems
Lesson Plans
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"In comparison with students in other parts of the world, students in the United States have lagged behind in some areas, including science, math, and languages. There are several problems associated with this, as well as with low test scores on standardized achievement tests. There are schools with inadequate funding and resources, failures in the teaching process, and lack of linkage between schools and communities. One other problem is the lack of interest on the part of students. This is the problem explored in this study. Pierce (1994) discussed this problem in regard to at-risk students. She noted that while the classroom is often a dull place for many students, for at-risk students, it can be profoundly alienating. This alienation is at least partly the result of out-of-school conditions which teachers cannot control. The alienation is reinforced if schools and classrooms focus on standardized testing and immediate learning outcomes, rather than on creating an environment in which students can thrive."
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Motivating Learning in Reading and Math, 2002.
A detailed exploration of the literature on motivating learning and the construction of a revised independent learning program.
13,056 words (approx. 52.2 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 248.95
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Abstract
This proposed Independent Learning Program (ILP) focuses on using constructivist methods to uncover the inherent motivation to learn of elementary school students. The emphasis is on devising units and lessons plans, which combine reading and math in ways that call forth the students' innate curiosity. The paper explores the literature available on motivating learning, with a focus on new constructivist philosophies and techniques. These are used to construct a revised curriculum plan for a brief unit combining work with both math and reading. From this plan, several sample lesson plans are more fully developed.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Problem Statement
Historical Context
Goals and Rationale
Population Addressed
Methodology
Review of the Literature
Motivating Learning
Constructivism Body
(Revised Curriculum)
Eight-Week Unit of Exploration in Math and Science
People to Study
Sample Lessons Plans
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Through this assessment process, the teacher may learn that students understand basically how numbers can be used in daily life - as with making change in stores - but do not really understand numbers as abstractions, or make connections with numbers and other aspects of life. They may express their belief that numbers are irrelevant in their concept maps, or that learning arithmetic has no relationship to their interests or their daily lives. This is the starting point for the design of the curriculum."
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Motivating Students to Read, 2003.
Examines how to get students motivated to read.
5,750 words (approx. 23.0 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the problem of student motivation to read. It identifies factors that affect motivation and strategies to increase student motivation. It looks at a student's needs and perceptions regarding motivation, expectancy theory and motivation and cultural aspects of motivation.
From the Paper
"The following is a review of the literature related to motivating students to read. The problem of student motivation is discussed and this is followed by student needs and perceptions regarding motivation expectancy ..."
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Pre-School Reading Skills and Reading Achievement, 2002.
A critique of the article by Blatchford on the development of early reading skills and reading achievement.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
The development of reading skills at early stage is a common topic in instructional psychology and education research. The development is traced in studies to determine predictors for the purpose of improving instruction at home and school. With important implications for early instructions, the development of early reading skills has clear effect on rising or declining interest in reading during more mature school years.
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Reading Comprehension, 2007.
A discussion on improving student motivation with regards to reading comprehension.
1,091 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a step-by-step action plan for ensuring that students are more motivated to read in the classroom. It aims to achieve this by affording the students a greater choice and selection of materials to read. It also discusses methods to improve reading and comprehension.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Descriptive Plan To Implement to Encourage Student Choices
Step by Step Approach To Improving Student Motivation
Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"First teachers must work to actively engage readers in the classroom. To do so it is vital that teachers survey students to assess what level of interest students have in particular reading materials in the classroom. Teachers must also determine how children in their classrooms approaching reading instruction and what elements will result in their being more enthusiastic about learning to read (Snow & Verhoeven, 2001). This can be accomplished only if children have an active role in their development and selection of reading material in the classroom (Baker, Afflerbach & Reinking, 1996). The teacher's role includes helping children in the classroom arrange tasks and activities in a way that will make reading accessible and enjoyable (Snow & Verhoeven, 2001). "
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Boys' Reading Habits, 2008.
An analysis of the reading habits and comprehension abilities of boys.
2,812 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 42 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses literacy development and reading habits among students. It particularly focuses on this issue among boys. The paper looks at the elements that facilitate the growth of reading comprehension ability and discusses the importance of students' access to books. The paper also discusses the effect of reading out of school and looks at types of reading motivation. It then discusses boys' reading choices and their perceptions towards reading.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Reading Habit and Interest
Reading out of School
Types of Readers
Types of Reading Motivation
Boys' Reading Choices
Boys' Perceptions Towards Reading
Reasons why Boys are Reluctant Readers
Summary
From the Paper
"Researchers state that boys have shown contrast in their reading compared to reading materials preferred by schools; schools favor book based learning and fiction while boys have idiosyncratic reading choices in their reading materials that may lead to them being recognized as bad readers as their reading interest may not match those preferred by the school."
"Factors that influence the attitude of boys as reluctant readers fall into three areas which are the family, peer group and friendship group. Parents are shown to be powerful literary models for their children as they provide them with earliest books and materials and often act as their first teacher in promoting the reading habit. Peer groups bring with them peer pressure to confirm to a certain belief, while friendship groups function as a social practice to develop and maintain relationships with peers. These two factors influence reading habit and interest."
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The Art of Reading and Writing, 2007.
An analysis of the impact of the Voyager Universal Literacy Reading Program on reading achievement and student reading attitudes in an urban school.
9,847 words (approx. 39.4 pages), 81 sources, MLA, $ 200.95
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Abstract
This paper consists of four sections. The paper explores the historical contexts of four themes of literacy acquisition and reviews the history of reading instruction. An objective analysis is made of how growth and development of the industrial sector triggered governments to set up formal schools and curriculum. The paper also discusses several reasons underlying the lackluster performance of students in reading and writing. The paper relates the five core essentials of a reading program and examines the successful impact of the Voyager Literacy program by presenting several recent empirical research studies. Finally, the paper looks at the attitudes and motivations of students towards reading, revealing the shortcomings of the present education system.
Outline:
Introduction
Section I: Theoretical Models of Literacy acquisition
Section II. Brief History of Reading Instruction
Section III: The Five Core Essentials of the Reading Program
Word Study
Vocabulary
Fluency
Comprehension
Section IV: The Impact of the Voyager Program
Section V: Student Reading Attitudes
From the Paper
"The hunger to understand the environment and the results of education and its style of teaching has burst out over the last century. This outburst is now looking beyond the recurrent affairs about why the majority of the populace in certain regions can't, read or in certain cases, write. The ability to read and write has in the preceding years of study been established as vital components of areas that encompass polyglotics, ethnic surveys, as well as, psychology (Stephen, 2005)."
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Reading Problems, 2008.
A look at the identification and resolution of reading problems in middle schools with content material.
874 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how many middle school students today continue to experience problems in achieving the required levels of literacy due in large part to difficulties comprehending the material in social studies text because they do not possess the requisite skills such as background reading or the motivation to understand what they are reading. This paper provides an overview of the issues involved and the extent of the problem, as well as some useful teaching strategies that can be used to help these students develop good reading skills in the content area. A summary of the research and salient findings is provided in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The growing body of research into adolescent literacy has examined a wide range of potentially contributing factors including multiple literacies; personal identity issues; the influence of race, gender, and ethnicity; teaching and learning beliefs and practices; and the roles of text and context (Conley & Hinchman 42). In spite of this body of knowledge, there remains a dearth of timely studies concerning what can be done to improve the literacy rate among adolescent students today. As a result, the Alliance for Excellent Education (AEE) (2006) emphasizes that, "Without a focus on literacy instruction at the secondary school level, many students are left to drift, often faking their way through high school reading assignments" (Jobs for the 21st Century 2). "
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Guided Reading vs. Ability Grouping, 2004.
This paper explores whether a guided reading approach is more effective than past practices of reading instruction.
2,245 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the main criticisms of ability grouping practices, which refer to reading groups created by the teacher according to the size of the class, students' reading aptitudes, or the distribution of reading aptitudes within the class, are that such practices do not accomplish anything of benefit to students and that they fosters unequal opportunities for academic achievement among different groups of students. The author relates that the goal of guided reading is for instructors to provide an environment that will assist students in their progression toward independent, silent reading by fostering positive attitudes toward reading in students and by aiding students in the development of strategies to extract meaning from reading and to understand the reading process. The paper concludes that an approach that combines grouping strategies with guided reading practices may prove to be the most beneficial option for reading instruction.
Table of Contents
Ability Grouping
Guided Reading
A Combined Approach
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Four Blocks approach used guided reading as a crucial component to its instructional strategy. Guided reading was known as the basal block, because the basal reader drove instruction at this level. There are several purposes of this block, including exposing children to a wide range of reading material, teaching strategies for comprehension and challenging children by providing increasingly more difficult reading material. Guided reading provides a base for the following blocks. However, it is difficult to target guided reading practices to students that represent various literacy levels, and inevitably some students are struggling while others are not challenged enough."
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Reading Workshop, 2004.
A research paper on the educational reading strategy known as "reading workshop."
1,426 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
Teachers must thoughtfully reconsider how reading instruction is reorganized to rekindle a sense of joy and ownership. Recent evidence seems to point to at least two major concerns, which should be taken into account when reorganizing for effective reading instruction. The first concern is the lack of time spent reading. The second concern is the use of worksheets to manage the classroom. This paper provides a step-by-step analysis of a new reading strategy, which was implemented to counter these two problems and is called 'The Reading Workshop'. The paper covers the theories of educationalists N. Atwell and K. Swift, as well as other experts in the field.
From the Paper
"Atwell (1998) introduced the concept of Reading Workshop as variation of what used to be the Individual Reading Program. She did not use basal readers or a literature series. Reading Workshop allowed her students to choose the books they wanted to read, gave them time to read in class, and required them to share their thoughts about books in dialogue journals. Atwell found that her students read more and enjoyed more of what they were reading."
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Voluntary In-School Free Elementary Level Reading Programs, 2004.
This paper is a research proposal to identify the strengths and weaknesses of a voluntary, in-school, free elementary-level reading program.
4,145 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Free Voluntary Reading (FVR) heavily targets users of English as a second language in the hope that the program will result in higher student achievement. The author points out that reading as an integral part of the child?s development impacts on his personal and social development, as well as on his mental growth. The paper outlines the research project: Install a voluntary in-school free reading program for grade pupils; select only those students who are reading below their grade and mental levels, and who manifest a potential for improvement will join the program; and use the Durrell-Analyses of Reading Difficulty to evaluate. Charts.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
General Objective
Specific Objectives
Conceptual Framework
Definition of Terms
Free Voluntary Reading (FVR)
Sustained Silent Literacy (SSL)
Sustained Silent Reading (SSR)
Modified Silent Sustained Reading
Reading Workshop
Review of Related Literature
The Ungraded Primary Unit
Special Services
Reading Programs in School Systems
The St. Louis Reading Program
The Philadelphia Reading Program
Evaluation of Reading Programs
Methodology
Durrell Analysis of Reading Difficulty
From the Paper
"In the FVR program, the amount of leisure reading and reading achievement are correlated. Program endorses strongly believe that reading promotes reading ? the more the children read the more their vocabulary grows, the more words they read, the more words they can read, and the more reading they can do. Krashen 1993, opines that listening to stories read aloud promotes independent reading. In the same manner, light reading (comics, romance books) positively correlates with achievement. Reading activities such as teacher read-aloud, freedom of choice of reading materials and owning books were motivational."
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