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Reader and 'So I am Glad', 2004.
This paper discusses whether the reader exists independently of the text or if the text creates its reader in A. L. Kennedy's 'So I am Glad'.
3,046 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Jennifer M. Wilson, the narrator of A.L. Kennedy's 'So I am Glad', has decided to become a voice. The writer discusses that 'So I am Glad' is a romance, but not one of a common type. Besides being an impossible spiritual and sensual journey, it reveals itself as a complex postmodernist work of meta-fiction. The writer notes that Kennedy offers to her readers a meditation on the very power of writing and looks at how it brings her narrator Jennifer from indifference to passionate and compassionate love and self-discovery. The writer of this essay discusses that despite Kennedy's refusal to be pinned down to any literary 'philosophy', the richness of the novel appears to be a perfect example of showing the place that the reader takes in literature in general and, in particular, in relation with the text and its author. Thus, the text being an end in itself from a postmodernist eye, the author shows how independent the reader exists towards the literary text. However, since the text is a medium between the author and its reader, one is drawn to ask whether the author creates the reader or whether the reader is, indeed, another performer of the text.
From the Paper
"Jennifer's possessive claim of these very specific moments of inviolability or privacy intensifies the text's self-referentiality, and Jennifer's self-consciousness of being a writer. This almost constant interaction between the intended reader and the text, with the reader entirely created out of the writer's mind, allows us to show the extent to which the reader is present, not only in the writer's mind, but also in the literary text itself. The text, at least in these instances, is what produces the reader. The reader is included within the text and, to some extent, is part of the narrative.
"Since Kennedy's novel So I am Glad is a metafictional work, disclosing to its reader the keys of its own artificial construction, its own textuality, it allows us, through a postmodernist reading of the text, to understand how the writer-text-reader relationship works."
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I Burn, I Pine, I Perish, 2003.
Love and marriage through the eyes of Shakespeare in "Taming of the Shrew".
751 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, through symbolism, allusions, and dialogue, Shakespeare reveals his attitudes concerning love, marriage, and gender roles in 16th-century society in his play, "The Taming of the Shrew".
From the Paper
"One of William Shakespeare?s best-loved comedies, The Taming of the Shrew takes audiences on a rather comprehensive journey through Renaissance social culture. Though the courtship between main characters Petruchio and Katherina is far from typical, it does offer insight into not only the customs and attitudes of Europeans in general but those of Shakespeare himself. Shakespeare seems to hold the same opinions as those of most men of the late 1500s?that love is generally very superficial and based on physical attraction; that marriage closely resembles a business proposition; and that women are nothing without their husbands or fathers to whom they must submit. Through literary devices ranging from witty dialogues and impassioned speeches to plentiful allusions and creative symbolism, Shakespeare reveals his attitudes concerning love, marriage, and gender roles in sixteenth-century society."
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?What I Saw From Where I Stood?, 2002.
An analysis of the story ?What I Saw From Where I Stood? by Marisa Silver and its comparison with the story "A Sorrowful Woman" by Gail Godwin.
1,675 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the literary themes in the short story "What I saw from Where I Stood" by Marisa Silver - a story written from a man's perspective on the stillbirth of his baby. The author then compares it with another story, "A Sorrowful Woman" by Gail Godwin. By comparing the two, the paper shows the unique literary techniques of "What I Saw from Where I Stood".
From the Paper
"The final mention of the stillborn describes the scene most emotionally, ?When the doctors took the baby out of her, they handed him to me without bothering to clean him up; I guess there was no point to it. Every inch of him was perfectly formed. For a second, I thought he would open his eyes and be a baby.? First of all, this scene itself is highly emotional. The sadness of it is emphasized by the way the baby is described as being taken out of her. This is in contrast to what we would expect of a baby being born. The part where he says he thought he would open his eyes and be a baby, also emphasizes that this is not a baby. This shows us effectively how the moment they were looking forward to became something else."
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?I Think, Therefore I Am?, 2002.
An analysis of philosopher, Rene Descartes' Method of Doubt.
1,267 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
Rene Descartes' method of doubt provides a powerful tool for attempting to determine the fundamental nature of reality. The paper analyzes Meditations I and II, where Descartes uses the Method of Doubt in order to attempt to determine which beliefs and opinions are true. It shows that in order to do this, Descartes proposes a series of skeptical hypotheses, each aimed at determining if we can trust our specific faculties of sense, reason, and imagination. The paper concludes that Descartes method of doubt determines that all that we can truly know is ?cogito ergo sum? (I think, therefore I am).
From the Paper
"Descartes notes that examining each belief, and determining if it is true "would be truly an endless labor". As such, he argues that it is necessary to attempt to find a principle that can serve as the fundamental basis, or bedrock, for all his beliefs. Descartes argues that examining each individual belief is unnecessary, as well as laborious, given that an examination of his fundamental belief will reveal if all other beliefs, which rest upon it, are true as well. Says Descartes, "as the removal from below of the foundation necessarily involves the downfall of the whole edifice, I will at once approach the criticism of the principles on which all my former beliefs rested" Descartes, Meditations I)."
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Descartes: I Think, Therefore I Am, 2005.
The paper examines Descartes's quest for the self.
790 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Descartes does not accept valid proof for his existence. It explains how, in the process of questioning whether or not he exists, Descartes displays a pattern of reasoning, which proves the validity of the initial question because it arrives at a response that does not just act as proof for his existence ,but as a definition for human beings.
From the Paper
"Descartes was a doubter, a skeptic whose philosophy emerges from his quest for the truth and his struggle to attain knowledge. As far as he was concerned, there really were no empirical truths but only a set of beliefs which, if they were born out by inquiry and logical testing, became truths. Within this context of doubting all until that all, or its different components, proved to be true knowledge ad reality, Descartes doubted all that was around him. Among the many tings that Descartes doubted was the reality of his own existence. If one were totally honest, one would admit that the first reaction to the idea of someone doubting whether or not he existed, is madness. We know we exist because we can see and feel ourselves."
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The Politicial Use of the Church under Elizabeth I and James I, 1997.
The paper examines the relationship between Crown and Church from the appointment of Archbishop Grindal in 1576 to the death of Archbishop Bancroft in 1610.
2,185 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
An examination of the interdependency of the Church and State in late Tudor and early Stuart England. The paper looks at how the Church and State were used in tandem to suppress opposition; and how religious beliefs impacted upon loyalty (or perceived loyalty) to the state.
From the Paper
""Religion is the ground on which all other matters ought to take root". These words, spoken by Elizabeth to Parliament, neatly summarize the interdependency between Church and State in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The quotation in the title implies that there ought to be a distinction between religious beliefs and the proper exercise of political power, when in fact there was no such separation in the eyes of Elizabeth and, later, James I. The history of this period is one of conflicting beliefs between the wings of the established church and the constant pressure by the Presbyterians and Puritan sects to reform the church and hence change the nature of the government of the country. This period also sees the attempts to suppress the radical teachings of Barrow and others, which were equated with sedition and treason, in order to maintain a conformity of worship if not necessarily of belief."
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"Where I Live and What I Live For", 2002.
The paper argues against Thoreau's view that man should shun the modern world and live among nature.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper lists the benefits of living in modern society as opposed to living a life of isolation surrounded by nature. It argues that beauty can be found in the modern world and cites the advantages of technology. It speaks in praise of toil and work and endeavors to show how Thoreau's view can be adapted to a modern society.
From the Paper
"Work and sweat produces conveniences so that men can do more, it is true. These conveniences do just as much good as they were intended to do. For example, helps men to feed their families. Farming does not always yield enough money for food so that all men can eat. Thus, these men must work in industrialized society so that they can have meals on their table. The fathers must work in the railroad so that their children can eat. No one can argue against that point. The conveniences also allow men to visit family and friends so that they may spend quality time with them. Instead of it taking years and years to have enough time to spend from the crops and household chores in order to make trips by foot or horse, man can visit as often as they wish because it takes less time to make such trips. Also, thanks to the train, entire families can go and can just as quickly return. Dangers associated with traveling across the wild and reckless land are almost removed. "
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"I Can I Will" by Frederick G Elias, 1999.
Critical review of this self-help work based on action, self-empowerment, confidence and the desire for success.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine I Can I Will by Frederick G. Elias. The plan of the research will be to set forth the pattern of ideas in the book and then to discuss how the ideas are developed and how they build to a prescription for seizing and maintaining control of life experience.
IC is a book that must be classified as a self-help manual with an orientation toward both material and psychological success. Indeed, it is not too much to say that the overriding objective of the book is to formulate a plan for what could be called self-actualization. That is because of the action orientation of the text, which offers specific advice about how to achieve personal power and to apply the feelings of power to the project of achieving specific goals. Elias frames this advice in terms of imputing creativity and potential to the reader with a.."
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"I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died", 1999.
A look at death and symbolism in the poem "I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died" by Emily Dickinson.
1,234 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 0 sources, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Emily Dickinson writes of death in the poem "I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died", choosing her words like a painter would chose his/her colors. It looks at how every word has meaning and how every line signifies a breath and thought of pure philosophy.
From the Paper
""The stillness in the room" represents the awkward instance of death. When death happens the "stillness" is felt by all. We all become aware we are of life when we experience death. "The stillness in the room" is compared with the "stillness in the air". To Dickinson the in death the air become still for the person who can no longer take a breath into their lungs. This stillness becomes death, air no longer exists and life is a memory possessed by those who look on with wonder. The emotion in this poem is great. The second stanza describes the onlookers. This must be the exact time of death, because the group begins to cry and breath "firm". While chests become tight with the onslaught of tears the eyes fix on the death in the room, but she who is dying fix on the small insect in the room. She thinks of all that life has brought and what parts of her are able to be left behind. She has "signed away" the physical world and has entered the final phase of the spiritual."
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J. Joseph's "When I am an Old Woman I Shall Wear Purple", 2005.
This paper explores the concept of 'preminiscence' in aging women's poetry by examining a famous poem about the coming of old age, J. Joseph's "When I am an Old Woman I Shall Wear Purple" (aka "Warning").
2,655 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that 'preminiscence', the process of projecting the future, is important to the process of aging, which implies that, on the basis of past experience, women shape their futures. The author points out that, in "When I am an Old Woman I Shall Wear Purple" (AKA "Warning"), the reader learns that aging women, no longer needing to succumb to the temptations of diet aids, beauty products and cosmetic surgery, are released from the tyranny of physical beauty and are free to tap into themselves and rediscover the old feistiness, lying dormant since they were 10 years old. The paper concludes that this poem offers a positive approach to aging and a vista of freedom and possibilities by making the revolutionary statement that aging isn't so bad, after all. Poem included.
Table of Contents
'Preminiscence'
Method
Analysis
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The collection of women's life histories shows that during her 70s, widowhood is a likely possibility for most women. According to Coyle (1997), "Women on the average live longer than men. Women experience a greater life expectancy than men, and as a result, they comprise the majority of older adults." Widowhood is so common, in fact, that women regard it as something like a rite of passage, and although it is initially a shock and extremely painful for many of them, they do recover and reach a point where they see it as a whole new stage of life."
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"My Computer Thinks, Therefore I Am", 2004.
A discussion of worrying technological advances, based on the contemporary version of Rene Descartes's statement, "I think, therefore I am"; "my computer thinks, therefore I am".
1,639 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes today's popular culture in a mega-technologically advanced world and investigates three areas that are not only highly scientific, but troublesome and alarming as well, namely transgenic therapy, cyborgs, and designer kids. The paper examines genetic engineering, cloning, and other aspects of biotechnology.
From the Paper
"The single most important factor underlying the issues of human cloning, augmentation, and alteration is the dehumanization of man through the advancement of biotechnology. Today the computer offers mankind the opportunity to advance well beyond previous limitations set my intellect, mortality, and strength through the evolution process of DNA. With significant breakthroughs in the bioelectronic field new advanced technologies now permit the interfacing of computer chips with the human's central nervous system that, in tern, pose the very real possibility to effect biological changes and the intercellular level (Lappe, 1990). The very possibility is not only scientifically phenomenal but unprecedented as well. However, the question at the forefront is whether or not the process is ethical and should strict limitations be set on the integration of biotechnology and human life. Determining the social consequences is a very important issue that needs to be addressed as well."
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Zu?i and Navajo Spiritual Practices in Hillerman's Dance Hall of the Dead, 2002.
Joe Leaphorn, Navajo detective learns more about Zu?i religious traditions and compares what he learns with his own beliefs, rituals, and practices.
3,430 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This essay presents a comparison of Zu?i and Navajo religious rituals, burial practices, and beliefs in an afterlife as revealed in Tony Hillerman's novel, Dance Hall of the Dead. While investigating the murder of twelve year old Zu?i, Ernesto Cata, who was scheduled to perform an important role in the Zu?i Shalako festival, "the most holy period of the Zu?i year," Joe Leaphorn must analyze various facets of Zu?i religion including gods, Kachinas, rituals, beliefs and dances. He naturally compares these concepts with his own Navajo beliefs. Numerous scholarly sources are utilized to illuminate the comparisons.
From the Paper
Tony Hillerman's long time protagonist Joe Leaphorn is himself a Navajo tribesman. In the novel, Dance Hall of the Dead, Leaphorn, a Navajo policeman, investigates the murder of a young Zu?i. In the process of his investigation, Leaphorn offers a comparison of his own Navajo religion with that of the Zu?i. In an Author's Note at the beginning of the novel, Hillerman states that the "setting is genuine." He confirms that the Village of Zu?i and Ramah Navajo reservation exist in reality side by side and states that his depiction of these two cultures is accurate to the best of his ability, though the characters are fictional. Hillerman further states: "The view the reader receives of the Shalako religion is as it might be seen by a Navajo with an interest in ethnology. It does not pretend to be more than that." What Hillerman is saying is that no one, outside an initiated practitioner in a Native American religion can really comprehend the true significance of it's beliefs and rituals. Modesty aside, however, Hillerman in this novel makes an excellent beginning in differentiating between spiritual beliefs of Zu?i and Navajo. Thus the thesis of this essay is that in Tony Hillerman's novel, Dance Hall of the Dead, Zu?i religion can be seen to be extensively different from the religion of the Navajo's in the two tribes' rituals, burial practices, and beliefs in an afterlife. Outside sources will be used to confirm and expand the understanding of these varied spiritual practices.
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I.Q.Testing, 2005.
This paper discusses the controversy over the efficacy of I.Q. testing.
915 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the I.Q. controversy revolves around four main issues: 1) the nature and validity of these tests, 2) the question of cultural bias in tests when they are used for certain minority groups, 3) the relative contributions of heredity and environment to individual differences in general mental ability and 4) the causes of the observed differences in mental abilities between social classes and racial groups. The author states that there is no correlation between I.Q. and success; about the only thing, I.Q. testing can predict is success in school because higher I Q children tend to like going to school. The paper concludes that, until I.Q. testing takes into account the environment of those tested and the creators of the test represent a cross-section of those being tested, they will continue to be unfair.
From the Paper
"Some who measure the effectiveness of I Q testing claim that children who have been exposed from infancy to the daily routine of mental stimulation have shown remarkable advancement compared to a control group. This seems like an elitist approach. On the other hand, how many news stories of over-achieving minority young people have featured a parent relating how "from the time he could read, we urged him to read and ask questions, and write." There are also success stories of minority young people who used only their own initiative to escape from dangerous friends or neighborhoods or to do more than survive when their families were torn apart."
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The Ninth Schedule in the Light of the I.R.Coelho Case, 2007.
An analysis of the Ninth Schedule of the Indian Constitution and the consequences of the recent judgment in the I.R.Coelho case.
4,290 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the Ninth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. It describes the factors leading to the creation of the Ninth Schedule and subsequent developments to it. The paper particularly attempts to cover the journey of the Ninth Schedule and the impact the judgment in the I.R.Coelho case had on it and continues to have on it.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
A Foreword to the Ninth Schedule
Factors that Led to the Creation of Ninth Schedule
Subsequent Developments in the Ninth Schedule
History of Ninth Schedule till 1973
Post 1973 Position of the Ninth Schedule
The I.R.Coelho Case
Facts of the Case
Broad Question Before the Court
Decision Given by the Supreme Court
The I.R.Coelho Judgment from Various Perspectives
Supporting the Judgment in I.R. Coelho Case
Against the Judgment of I.R.Coelho Case
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The relationship between Judiciary and Executive/Legislature in a country like India has always been contentious. The 57 years of the working of the Indian Constitution has more than once seen a supremacy tussle between the Judiciary and Executive on one hand and the Legislature on the other. One of the most inextricable reason of such a tussle has always been the Ninth Schedule which has more or less met its fate with the I.R.Coelho judgment. However, for a deeper and an unbiased understanding, it would be better to start from the history of the Ninth Schedule."
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World War I and Consciousness, 2006.
A discussion regarding the impact that World War I had on the world.
952 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of World War I. Specifically, the paper discusses how World War I transformed the consciousness of Europeans. According to the paper, the world changed politically, socially and economically after World War I.
From the Paper
"The consciousness of what was possible changed, too. World War I was a time of great technological change. Aircraft joined in warfare for the first time, and many new weapons, such as tanks, grenades, and flame-throwers came into use. The population's consciousness changed after the war because technology had made them aware of the many things that were becoming possible in the modern world. More people were working in factories, but even more importantly, more people could afford modern technologies, such as automobiles, early appliances, and other non-essential goods. The population became more mobile, and because of this, they could travel more easily. They became more conscious of other countries, other people, and other lifestyles, and broadened their own consciousness. "
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