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Rating System, 2002.
A look at movie rating systems.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the criteria of ratings that are being practiced by different agencies regarding movies, TV programs and other media. The paper analyzes that there is no foolproof system in place to judge the contents, however, it there are some voluntary ratings being carried out.
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Exchange Rate Systems, 2005.
An examination of the pros and cons of the fixed versus floating exchange rate systems, particularly focusing on the situation in China today.
2,188 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the two types of exchange rate systems used in the world today - the fixed rate system and the flexible rate system. It discusses the differences between the two systems and their advantages and disadvantages. The paper then looks at the current problems in China using a fixed (pegged) exchange rate system. The paper ends with the writer's opinion on the subject.
Table of Contents:
Advantages of a Fixed Exchange Rate
Advantage of a Floating Exchange Rate
Current Problem with China
My Opinion
From the Paper
"The foreign exchange market is the largest market in the world, it is the market "in which individuals, firms, and banks buy and sell for any currency" (Salvatore). Since each country has its own currency, an exchange rate system is needed. An exchange rate is the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another. The two types of exchange rate systems used in the world are the fixed rate system and the flexible rate system. Both systems have their pros and cons, and both are used in the world today."
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Exchange Rate Systems, 1999.
History & evolution of Bretton Woods fixed-rate & floating exchange rate systems since 1944. Looing at its purposes, effectiveness, impact on currencies & trade and inflation.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"EVOLUTION OF THE BRETTON WOODS EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEM & THE FLOATING EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEM
This research examines the evolution of the Bretton Woods exchange rate system (a fixed-rate system) and the floating exchange rate system. Advantages and disadvantages of each system type are discussed, along with a brief review of approaches to exchange risk hedging under the floating rate system, and an assessment of the possibility of returning to a fixed-rate system.
The onset of the economic depression in 1930 caused most major countries to abandon the gold standard by 1933. In 1934, however, the United States adopted the gold exchange standard, and set the gold/dollar exchange rate at one ounce/$35.
Under the gold standard prevailing prior to the beginning of.."
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System Of Fixed Exchange Rates, 1973.
This paper reviews the modern history of international currency exchange rates by focusing on the system of fixed rates based on the gold standard.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
There is important historical precedence for arguing that a system of fixed exchange rates is most advantageous for the purpose of economic stability. Such international monetary stability was quite apparent in the Western World during the period between 1875 and 1914. The core mechanism for this stability was the gold standard. Most major countries then set fixed values for their currencies in relation to gold. These countries also allowed the relatively free movement of gold across their boundaries and agreed to convert their currency into gold at the established price.
The exchange rates between currencies were allowed to fluctuate in response to market demand. This meant that if country A were spending more abroad than it was taking in, the overabundance of its currency abroad might lead to a fall in its ... "
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How Do You Rate the Rating Enforcers?, 2001.
A look at the MMPA, The Motion Picture Association of America and their rating system.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 11 sources, $ 64.95
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Abstract
A paper about the problems with the MPAA, The Motion Picture Association of America and their rating system. The author describes what the MPAA is, their role, and strategies for rating, revealing their inconsistencies and inherent biasness in certain aspects.
From the Paper
"We finally reach a point where we have to ask if the MPAA is doing a ?good? job. I have found that the MPAA often has the right idea, but seems to continuously fall short when rating movies. By falling short, I mean that there are constant inconsistencies in film ratings dealing with moral aspects (homosexual content, violence, etc.) These problems need to be further addressed and solutions,such as the ones mentioned above, need to be considered. The effectiveness of ratings also needs to be addressed. As is, ratings are not as effective as one might hope they would be. Evidence has proven this by showing lack of consistency, bias, confusion, etc. Rating films is not a ?bad? idea, but their current state is not really working. The MPAA needs to focus more on just explaining what is in the films instead of over-rating them to the point of forcing film makers to edit their creativity."
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Television Ratings, 2007.
This paper examines current rating systems and looks at whether the
Q-Score reports accurately represent the American television viewing public.
4,800 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This research proposal identifies the known problems with the rating systems and proposes a study that would help determine if the Q-Score reports are misrepresenting the American television viewing public. In this article, the writer discusses whether Marketing Evaluations'
Q-Scores for television ratings accurately represent the television viewing habits of all Americans, including minority groups, or whether the limited population samples and data analysis methods are skewed in such a way that minority populations are underrepresented in ratings and the media. The writer claims that this is an important study because of the integral role that television and the media play in the lives of all Americans, and as a part of American society overall. The writer concludes that if there is a misrepresentation of minority groups in the current Q-ratings reports, this must be identified and this information made available to the public so that all members of society can make an informed decision regarding media-related activities, such as advertising, that are affected by the quality of television ratings reports.
Outline:
Abstract
Purpose and Rationale
Hypothesis
Literature Review
Limitations
Works Cited
From the Paper
"If a small-scale study finds a significant problem, other researchers will be interested in doing further analysis on this issue. Also, the public may simply be made aware of the issue, therefore considering these questions when taking stock in ratings reports. It is known that the television media industry and their advertisers depends on ratings reports to make decisions regarding programming and product placement. It is also well documented that minority groups have been significantly underrepresented in the Nielsen ratings, the country's leading marketing provider of television ratings, as will be illustrated by the following literature review. What is not known is whether the Q Rating system, which collected data in different ways than the Nielsen ratings, also has a problem in properly representing minority groups and providing accurate data on the television viewing habits of the American public."
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Rating Agencies in The International Bonds Market, 2006.
A look at the trustworthiness of a rating from a recognized and globally established rating agency with respect to capital markets.
1,948 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews three of the more prominent rating agencies who are globally recognized and who assist issuers in entering capital markets more economically and at frequent levels. These three rating agencies work in all countries that utilize the universal rating scale.
This paper also takes a look at the history of rating agencies and how their findings influenced major business decisions.
From the Paper
"Three prominent credit rating agencies are widely acknowledged globally. They are Moody's Investor Service, Standard & Poor's and Fitch Ratings. They accord domestic and external ratings at the request of borrowers. They are present in almost all the countries having a universal rating scale. The Standard & Poor's rating agency was first instituted by Henry Varnum Poor in 1860 with the guiding principle 'the investor has the right to know'. In the year 1906, Standard Statistics Bureau Company was established to entail the financial information on US companies that in 1916 started to assign debt ratings to corporate and sovereign debt. During 1940 it introduced Municipal bond ratings. (International Credit Rating Agencies)"
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Rating the Hate of Household Chores, 2006.
A review of the binding nature of daily household chores.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the home and the daily chores that are very necessary to facilitate the smooth running of the household. This paper classifies these daily chores into three categories: light, medium, and heavy weight. The level of hate that most people feel for their household chores generally corresponds with the level of work or thought that they entail.
From the Paper
"Would you prefer to relax and enjoy a favorite movie, or unwind in a lounge chair and read an intriguing novel? I would definitely choose to do any of these pleasurable activities instead of performing household chores. I have classified household chores that I dislike in to three groups: light, medium and heavy weight. However, performing such chores is quite necessary for keeping my home clean. The first group of chores is the "light weight", group. Small tasks in the kitchen are light weight to me because it does not require too much physical movement nor is it a long, tiresome process. Normally when I wash dishes, I am planted in front of the sink, unless, I am cooking dinner and washing dishes at the same time. But usually, I just stand and move one arm from the sink, to the drainer, where I place the clean dishes. "
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Scientific Rating of the Disciplines, 2002.
Examines the results of a survey undertaken to determine how "scientific" certain disciplines are considered.
903 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
To determine whether or not a discipline was considered scientific, a survey at a university?s undergraduate psychology department was performed. The results of this survey showed chemistry to be the most scientific and philosophy to be the least. The two disciplines are compared and contrasted. An objective assessment of the results of the survey is given. Includes a table.
From the Paper
"If determinism can be considered an indicator of how scientific a discipline is, then it is not surprising that chemistry was considered the most scientific. In this science, the concept of statistical determinism may be more appropriate; this argument states that ?events can be predicted, but only with a probability greater than chance? (Goodwin, p.7). Chemistry can be seen as being a cause and effect science, whereas philosophy, the discipline found to be the least scientific, does not fall neatly into this category. Philosophy depends a great deal on subjective responses to events or stimuli. Regardless of the approach taken by philosophers, the basic ideas in philosophy are often intangible, such as the concept of God, and therefore can be construed as unscientific."
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Prime Rates, 2004.
An analysis of the role of prime rates within the worldwide banking systems.
2,491 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that although prime rates, prime lending rates and prime interest rates are but small tools within the worldwide banking systems they do offer the ultimate objective of capital account convertibility. However, the paper explains that the study of these rates throughout the worldwide banking systems must be undertaken from an historical perspective. The paper states that when this is accomplished one readily observes that these rates, however stated, affect almost every living creature in the world.
Outline
Thesis Statement
The Fundamentals of Prime Rates
The Basics
The History of Interest
Conclusions
From the Paper
"With the ultimate objective of capital account convertibility in mind, prime rates should be to deepen and integrate financial markets, raise access to global savings, discipline domestic policies and policy makers, and furthermore allow greater freedom for individual decision-making. The theoretical framework underlying the use of prime rates is spelled out primarily by nations, banking institutions both global and national, so that monetarists can presume that restraining fiscal deficit and the money supply shall result in several controls, inflation and recession being chief among them. This, of course, is a much more easily stated theory than practical application Worldwide can and does incorporate throughout the various economies of the World. "
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Juvenile Prison System, 2005.
A literature review on the rate of recidivism among African-American youths in the U.S.A.'s juvenile prison system.
5,420 words (approx. 21.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This report examines the juvenile justice system in relation to recidivism rates in African-American juvenile offenders. The juvenile justice system is placed in societal context through use of labeling theory, control theory, and the presence of racial profiling. The link to the program-based juvenile correctional, educational, and/or residential treatment program is provided through an association with the continuity of labeling-based role behavior within the juvenile justice system. Issues of recidivism are compared between different sorts of programs, with an emphasis on the residential treatment program. The formation of an environment that simultaneously blocks the presence of criminality-associated factors and values the inhabitant who is incarcerated, strictly on terms of their being a criminal among other criminals, is assessed in its contribution to higher rates of recidivism following incarceration. The report primarily exists as a literature review rather than an actual longitudinal or other experimental methodology presentation, and operates on the central hypothesis that African-American juvenile delinquents tend to increase rather than decrease levels of criminal behavior after being incarcerated in the juvenile justice system. The effects of discrimination in terms of unequal treatment within the juvenile justice system of differing races is also addressed, as are program realities.
From the Paper
"These individuals may put themselves into a situation in which these relationships with supervision are seen as negative and/or absent. The role of the juvenile justice system in replacing these supervisory relationships is therefore crucial for an understanding of recidivism patterns following incarceration. The provision of a positive supervisory structure is what is wanted, while the provision of a negative supervisory structure is seen to detrimentally affect the juvenile within the justice system and lead to a higher likelihood of the original negative-supervision attitude's being reinforced. "The onset of puberty, the increased presence of alcohol, drugs, and weapons in a young person's environment, and growing economic pressures all increase the risk of being a perpetrator or a victim of violence" (Posner, 1998). The reduction of these presences in the juvenile justice system is too often reinforced within a sort of labeling situation that still places a high premium on the criminal's role of association with these presences."
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Sovereign Ratings, 2006.
This in-depth paper analyzes the significance in assessing and rating a particular country's assets and liabilities as well as its overall impact on the global economy.
4,681 words (approx. 18.7 pages), 42 sources, MLA, $ 120.95
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Abstract
The writer of the well-researched paper examines the history of sovereign ratings which have been around since approximately 1979. This paper details the importance of sovereign ratings, which basically assess the financial worth of an individual country. This paper analyzes the methods in which countries are rated, which include calculating the financial history, current assets and liabilities of a particular country. Sovereign ratings are significant when calculating whether or not a particular country can repay its debt, or whether the country in question will choose to default on its debt, to the lending country. This paper delves into the relevance of these ratings, when dealing with international trade and currency. This paper explores the various risks involved in lending money to sovereign nations. This paper examines the methodologies that are generally used by rating agencies, such as Standard and Poor's and Moody's. The writer discusses the various shortcomings that are associated with sovereign ratings, while discussing why certain countries, such as Korea and Malaysia do not have good ratings. This paper also supplies two tables relevant to this particular topic, including a sovereign credit rating, listed by country.
Table of Contents:
Literature Review
Introduction
History of Sovereign Ratings
Methodologies Used by Rating Agencies
Shortcomings
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"While sovereign ratings are seen to be very important, more recent history is still suggestive of the fact that lending to sovereigns remains very risky. A survey taken by Standard & Poor's that dealt with 72 governments and looked at the debt based on outstanding foreign and domestic currency indicated that 30 of these had defaulted at least one time on either foreign or domestic currency debt since 1970. None of these sovereigns had any type of sovereign rating by a rating agency that was recognized internationally before they defaulted but nine of them have been rated subsequently by Standard & Poor's and Moody's. The frequency of default for many of these countries has been relatively high and this has been something that has caused a lot of stress and concerns for individuals in those sovereign countries that are simply trying to conduct good business today without being held back by the past."
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A Flat Tax System, 2005.
This paper discusses changing the U.S. tax system to a flat tax system.
1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that changing the U.S. tax system to a flat tax system with a broader tax base and lower tax rates has advantages and disadvantages over the current tax system, which is very complicated and has issues of inequity. The author points out that the
new tax system would broaden the tax base, lower tax rates and do
away with mortgage interest payments and state and local tax deductions. The paper states that, once the principles of a low flat rate tax on consumption with no deductions is established and all the special interest lobbies have been steamrollered, the logical next step is to scrap the income tax entirely.
From the Paper
"Many groups may protest against a broadened tax base and lowered tax rates through a flat tax type initiative. Entities and individuals with tax shelters for example would be very angry about this change and likely would protest because they would be losing their tax shelters. Homeowners might also protest because of the abovementioned
predictions in regard to the housing market and how it might collapse under a flat tax initiative. And politicians who are entrenched in or have interests in maintaining the status quo will protest against change in the system and try to tie up the effectiveness and speed of the change."
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Exchange Rates and Western Economies in the Post War Era, 2002.
A histiry and analysis of exchange rates in the post war era from the fixed rates established at Bretton Woods to the flexible rates of today.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This essay will argue the reality of exchange rates in the modern world is much more complex than popular wisdom would suggest. Through a discussion of the history of exchange rates in the postwar era - from the fixed rates established at Bretton Woods to the flexible rates of today - it will be seen that exchange rates are one of the most complex features of modern economics. As the Canadian experience demonstrates, control of the exchange rates is beyond the power of governments to significantly influence in the long term. Indeed, given the complexities of the relationship between exchange rates and market forces, exchange rates are a feature of modern economics that defy easy analysis and prediction.
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Juvenile Justice Systems, 2001.
Compares system in the U.S. & in Japan. Contrasts crime rates, interventions, strategies, effectiveness. 3 Tables.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 15 sources, $ 111.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
In the United States, the public and politicians alike perceive a significant and frightening increase in youth crime and violence; concerns about the capacity of the juvenile justice system to rehabilitate chronic and violent youthful offenders while simultaneously protecting public safety accompany the growing fear of youth crime (Feld, 1999). In Japan, where the juvenile justice system has been characterized as incorporating Franco-Germano-American ingredients (Kitamura, 1993), juvenile crime is substantially less than in the United States. The official murder rates per 100,000 population in Japan, and the official theft rates in that country are one-sixth and one-fourth those of the United States, respectively; similarly, juvenile..."
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