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Racial Inequality, 2005.
This paper examines two books, about the phenomenon of racial inequality, "The Unsteady March" by Philip Klinkner and Rogers Smith, and "Black Like Me" by John Griffin.
2,305 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that "The Unsteady March" by Philip Klinkner and Rogers Smith is a factual and historically based work, which presents many theories and applies them to actual situations of racial inequality; whereas, "Black Like Me" by John Griffin is a personal look inside the life of the southern Black. The author learns from Klinkner and Smith that Robert Blauner's theory of internal colonialism is applicable to the current problem of many standardized tests being created by and based on the dominant white culture. The paper concludes that both books and the theories presented make great strides in attempting to explain racial inequality, but they do not completely explain the phenomenon to allow himself or herself to be exploited and demeaned without putting forth resistance or what it must be like to be considered inferior and therefore treated as second-class citizen.
From the Paper
"One sees great examples of segregation in Griffin's book. The blacks have their homes, stores, and cafes, even restrooms in their "black" section. This is where they perform their tasks of daily living. The white society may own most of the business even in the black area. The whites willing take the money of the black, but are not willing to extend him the jobs to earn more and therefore be able to move into areas that are populated by the whites. Whites only extended offers of employment in the menial areas, which most whites would find too demeaning. In this way, the dominant white culture can assure itself a dominant position even when Griffin travels to Atlanta and encounters a more progressive group of blacks. Here where many strides have been made toward equality, there remained the segregation. Blacks could receive a formal education from colleges taught by other educated blacks."
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Racial Inequality in the U.S., 2004.
A summary of statistical data from various agencies on racism in America.
968 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, despite the guarantees set forth under the amendments to the United States Constitution and other federal legislation, the civil rights of citizens belonging to ?minority? groups in the United States continue to be violated by various forms of illegal discrimination. It looks at how an historical analysis of national social and economic problems in relationship to racial inequality proves racial discrimination continues to thrive in American society in various forms of institutional discrimination. Through an analysis of tables and charts, it shows how statistical data herein asserts different forms of racial discrimination in contemporary society.
From the Paper
"The data in Chart 7 indicates Whites have the lowest number of children with no annual health care visits within a year. About 15% of all Black and Asian children did not have annual health care visits and approximately 20% of Hispanic and Native American children did not have health care visits over the past year. The fact that these children did not have health care visits is not an inference of good health. Rather, the lack of health care among minority children is an inference that they are not receiving preventative care such as vaccinations, and childhood illnesses and injuries are going untreated. The long-term consequence for children who do not receive needed health care services is permanent handicaps or disabilities, which later keeps them trapped in poverty by preventing them from working."
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Inequality in Ethnic and Racial Relationships, 2006.
An examination of the impact of racism on American attitudes toward minorities and immigrants.
1,520 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explores how racism in America has affected public opinion toward immigration and minorities. The paper begins with a discussion of America's historic support for immigration and then argues that this support has been corrupted by racism. The paper also cites statistics about demographic changes in the U.S. over the past several decades, examining how certain minority populations have actually grown to be nearly on par with the Caucasian majority in some places. This realignment, according to the paper, has challenged some of the deeply-rooted notions of what it means to be in a majority, which, in turn, has sparked a new wave of racism from previously more tolerant quarters. The pain concludes by studying recent research efforts to to explore the structural roots of inequality in America, focusing on a Rhode Island study on the tension between strong individual rights promised to U.S. citizens and ethnic or racial discrimination against African-Americans and other minority groups.
From the Paper
"The paradox of a US national identity involves multiple contradictions, such as citizenship rights promised to US citizens in contrast with differential group discrimination; of external and internal forms of racism with and through one another accepting and excluding certain categories of citizens; of civic and ethnic nationalisms that respond to the established but unstable two-faced US national identity; the combined change and continuity that has allowed American society to constantly and repeatedly transform while retaining a deeply entrenched racial hierarchy; and a deeply gendered or masculine American family ideal that constructs and hides these contradictions, at the same time. Addressing these inconsistencies, inequalities and contradictions requires listening to those with different interpretations of how it is to be treated "like one of the US national family" but actually excluded from that US national family altogether. It will mean finding a way to reconfigure that long-standing relationships among race, ethnicity and that idealized US national identity as well as working to reclaim the language of family in the process."
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Michael Jordan: Overcoming Racial Boundaries, 2000.
A look at Michael Jordan and his impact on the world of racial inequality.
4,900 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 124.95
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Abstract
A look at how Michael Jordan was able to transgress racial boundaries and still succeed. The author looks at Michael Jordan's career, his struggle against accusations and his contributions to the world of basketball and racial separation. The author makes use of Bob Green's Rebound: "The Odyssey of Michael Jordan" and Charles Barkley's "Michael".
From the Paper
"For 13 brilliant seasons Michael Jordan danced the dance of greatness across hardwood floors of basketball arenas from New York to Los Angeles to Barcelona and Paris. With a warrior's heart and an artist's grace, Jordan long ago transcended the sport to become one of the 20th century's global icons, as well as transgressing racial boundaries and becoming ?a catalyst in our ingoing racial healing?. Michael Jordan represents the high mark on the evolutionary chart of basketball greatness. He was able to evolve not only basketball, but also people?s mindsets of African-Americans."
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"Savage Inequalities", 2001.
An look at the book "Savage Inequalities" by Jonathan Kozol which discusses racial inequalities in all American educational and cultural systems.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 0 sources, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at the shocking book written by Jonathan Kozol which "exposes" the ugly underbelly of American society in terms of racial and social attitudes towards the lower classes. The book is analyzed chapter by chapter. The writer also examines the ramifications of the book.
From the Paper
"In 1991, Jonathan Kozol became the published author of Savage Inequalities: Children in America?s Schools. It?s a dark and brilliant expose' of inequalities in race and caste institutionalized into the core of American culture, its cities, states, and even federal system. Many authors have surely written about the so-called plights of the poor and of racial minorities. However, it is almost impossible in many accounts to separate the personal failings of the poor from the institutional failings of the nation. Kozol?s book makes it extremely simple by dealing particularly with a type of the poor and of the racial minorities which can in no way be feasibly blamed for their plights, nor considered victims of their own wills rather than that of the ruling class. He deals with children. As the book itself says, all children are naturally equal, for they have not earned any of the wealth nor poverty they inherit, nor do they control their fates in such a way that they may be accountable for them. By exploring the lives of children, then, we can see the truest, most terrible institutional inequalities."
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Locke and Rousseau on Economic Inequality, 2008.
A comparison of John Locke's "Second Treatise of Government" and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "Discourse on the Origin of Inequality".
2,790 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This essay compares and contrasts two theoretical models regarding economic inequality. The first is presented by John Locke in his "Second Treatise of Government", which addresses the origins of economic inequality. The second, which is in sharp distinction to these views, is presented by French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his "Discourse on the Origin of Inequality". The paper outlines the strengths and weaknesses of both. It argues that, while both works are very similar in their imagined origins of economic inequality in the early history of property, they differ radically in how they represent property and the justifications for its differing accumulations that ultimately give rise to economic inequality. The paper concludes that Locke envisions property and moderate levels of economic inequality as a good thing, while Rousseau condemns this inequality as a corrupting influence upon human society in every respect.
From the Paper
"However, while there is a superficial similarity between how Locke and Rousseau each conceive of the state of nature, there is one important distinction between the two: property. While Locke conceives, as noted above, of an equality of property as existing in the state of nature, Rousseau contends that the innovation of property itself marked the ending of the state of nature and the beginning of human society.
"This is an important difference, and it goes to the heart of how each philosopher conceives of economic inequality. For example, it is clear from the outset of Rousseau's description of the state of nature and its defining characteristics that he sees property as not only a negative aspect of human society but as being fundamentally illegitimate as well."
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?Discourse on the Origin of Inequality? by Rousseau, 2002.
This paper discusses Rousseau?s ?Discourse on the Origin of Inequality,? a philosophical work that explains how society came to be and how inequality emerged and existed in the society.
590 words (approx. 2.4 pages), 1 source, $ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Jean Jacques Rousseau?s ?Discourse on the Origin of Inequality of Man?, that focuses on how man came to be different from other animals because of two characteristics: Pity and the need for self-preservation. The paper points out that a careful study of Rousseau?s work shows that man?s natural tendency for survival and self-achievement will drive him to want to dominate others, and that inequality will become the product of humankind?s selfish and self- achieving nature.
From the Paper
"Rousseau defends his primary claim about inequality by explaining how inequality came to be. Of course, Rousseau discusses the nature of man prior to the establishment of the society. Prior to Rousseau?s society, humankind is egalitarian in nature, and survival is only the main reason why people live (self-preservation). However, as time passes, and as man become more acquainted with other people, the need to achieve betterment, or perfectibility, arises; man thus aspire to attain superiority above the others (?In proportion as the human race grew more numerous, men's cares increased. The difference of soils, climate and seasons, must have introduced some differences in their manner of living?). Through this kind of thinking and objective, man becomes unfair individual, and the society that Rousseau talks about is created through the inequality of man."
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Socio-economic Inequality, 2002.
An examination of some of the causes of the current socio-economic inequality in the world, with a focus on several philosophers and their theories.
3,472 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
Inequality among human beings has been an issue of concern from times immemorial and some of the greatest thinkers in human history have sought to narrow the gap between the haves and the have-nots through their philosophy, teachings and efforts. The paper shows that, ironically, religion has contributed more towards the inequality of mankind than any other ?philosophy? in the recent past. It is not only religion however that has been responsible for the inequality. The paper shows that the whole economic and financial structure of capitalism, international financial rules and globalization is loaded in favor of the rich and has resulted in widening of the gap between the rich and the poor. We are now living in a world in which this gap is so pronounced as to be positively grotesque. The saddest part of the dilemma is that inequality in our world is increasing by the day. This essay is about the background, reasons and the present state of socioeconomic inequality. It includes a discussion of the theories of some of the leading philosophers in history who have deliberated on the issue such as Karl Marx. It examines the leading economic theory of our times?capitalism, and looks at its pros and cons. The present state of inequality in the world, the reasons behind rising inequality and its possible effects are also discussed.
From the Paper
"In the Western Christian world, inequality was accepted as a way of life due to the widespread feeling that the existing social structure based on equality was impossible to change. The early Christian Church teachings emphasized that somehow living in sin had created inequality and misery for mankind, and a life without sin would solve all injustices. It was only in the 17th and 18th century that philosophers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau began to teach the inherent equality of man and belief in the possibility of social transformation began to spread. This was followed by the spread of socialist and communist thought that predicted social transformation and the demise of inequality through violent revolution."
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The Rise of Inequality in China, 2008.
An analysis of the historic development and implications for China of its growing economic inequality.
3,702 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper critically examines the issue of growing economic inequality in China. It discusses the issue in terms of its historic development and how it has shaped China today. It also describes its implications for China's future social and economic evolution and discusses the reason that this problem has been masked in the popular view of China today as an economic superpower.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Ideology of Equality in Communist China
China's Economic Reforms and Increasing Inequality
The Scale Inequality in Contemporary China
Inequality and Political and Migration Pressures
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In conclusion, the increasing levels of inequality in China - not only in terms of rural vs. urban, but also inland vs. coastal - present a clear and present threat to the legitimacy of the Communist government given its ideological origins in socialist egalitarianism. While the economic development of China and its opening to world trade has brought great wealth and development to parts of the country, other parts have suffered even more so. The geographic localization of this problem in rural/inland areas, as well as the discontent of many migrant workers in the urban areas, represents a disturbing prospect for the future of not only stable economic development in China, but for the continued rule of the Communist party and political stability in China as a whole."
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Inequality and Immigration, 2008.
A discussion of the ways that inequality can be seen in immigration in Canada.
2,289 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper argue that inequality today can be seen represented primarily in immigration, that has been exploited for the purposes of the elite of society. The paper provides a theoretical exploration of inequality and then explores how inequality manifests itself in terms of immigration in Canada. It demonstrates how this manifestation of inequality serves the purposes of the powerful, usually leaders of business and various industries, in Canadian society as a means of controlling and dividing the labor market.
From the Paper
"This insight is important, as it allows us to understand the critical importance of vulnerability in the role of the immigrants in western economies. From this point of view, it is of critical importance that immigrants are both politically and economically vulnerable and dependent, for this ensures the docility of the immigrant labor force, as well as its potential to be used against indigenous labour in countries such as Canada. Through this process of "divide and rule" business interests influence the direction of government policies in areas such as the recognition of academic qualifications from non-Western sources. By the denial of recognition of these qualifications, business leaders ensure that the immigrant work force will remain docile and vulnerable to the influence of business for as long as possible. While we may acknowledge that immigrant entrepreneurs often succeed despite these barriers, this success does not deny the reality of the barriers themselves, and how they are used to foster inequality and the vulnerability of the immigrant work force in countries such as Canada."
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Social Inequality, 2004.
Discusses whether social inequality is inevitable, looking at the theories of several social theorists.
1,889 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
Every facet of human investigation, from spirituality to mathematics, suggests the inevitability of inequality. Stasis, in the natural order, does not last eternally; every natural system is always in danger of descending into chaos without intervention. This paper argues that should equality ever be achieved, it, too, would be in danger of disintegrating into inequality. The paper shows that, while a number of social reformers, including Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Karl Marx, espoused a society without inequality, in fact, it seems that each believed inequality was inevitable. The paper also uses an analogy from the series "Star Trek" to discuss a utopian society.
From the Paper
"It is easy to conclude, then, that Marx?and to a lesser extent, Durkheim and Weber?were erroneous in their thinking that inequality could be eradicated. Indeed, from the unworkable premises they set forth?with their inherent quandaries about who is in charge of determining equality, and does that make the decider unequal??it is apparent that in human society, no less than in the porcine society of George Orwell?s Animal Farm, inequality is inevitable."
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Racism and Inequality in America, 2005.
Discusses the issues of racism and inequality in contemporary U.S. society.
1,854 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
Inequality and racism are fundamental issues that are in direct opposition to the principles of freedom, democracy and human rights that are such an important part of the American view of life. As such, racism and inequality are values that contradict the principles of freedom and equality that are enshrined in the American Constitution. This paper show, however, that the reality is that inequality and racism do exist in the United States. The paper discusses issues such as stereotypes and profiling, among others.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
The Prevalence of Racism in the United States
The Problem of Profiling
Causes of Racism
Economic Inequality
Solutions to Racism
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"While projects and organizations are essential components in the solution to racism, I believe that no amount of institutionalized projects can solve the problem of radial prejudice on a permanent basis. The real solution to racism in America lies in a change of perception and eradication of all stereotypical perceptions. In other words, the best method to eradicate racism is to do away with negative perceptions by making a concerted effort to develop an understanding of other cultures and to cultivate a more positive attitude towards life."
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American Income Inequality, 2007.
This paper discuses geography as a factor in analyzing American income inequality.
2,005 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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This paper explains that the North-South problem roughly outlines a trend in developed nations, including Germany, France and the United States, for the North to be more developed than the South, thus creating a geographical basis from which income inequality can be sourced. The author points out that another influence on geographical income inequality lies in the dissimilarity in the dynamic North-South urban centers, such as the Southern cities having a greater concentration of lower income nonwhites than Northern cities as well as their differing industrial bases. The paper relates that income inequality in the United States contributes to a growing concern about the availability of both health and education services for those individuals existing at the bottom of the socioeconomic ladder.
From the Paper
"The economy of the South became increasingly agriculture based during its development, while the North was moving towards industrialization and manufacturing sectors. Wendy Shaw's study of the distribution of affluence and affluent communities in the United States clearly illustrates the economic inequality resulting from geography. A map displaying the 155 most affluent counties in the United States shows a tendency for such counties to be geographically centered overwhelmingly in the Washington, D.C. to Boston megalopolis."
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The Education System and Social Inequality in Ireland, 2005.
A discussion of the connections between the education system and social inequality in contemporary Ireland.
1,845 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the widely accepted idea that the Irish education system leads to social inequality. It maintains that it is possible to argue the case that social inequality in Ireland influences and shapes its education system. It holds that, in general, most western education systems are based upon societal values and customs. The paper looks specifically at secondary-level education. Using Goldthorpe's model of class categorization to differentiate between the various social classes, the paper concentrates on the working-class and the middle-class categories. The paper also deals with the issue of equality of access to secondary and higher education systems, with regards to location, curriculum, social behavior and financial matters. It attempts to determine how and why these factors create social inequality in contemporary Ireland. The paper concludes that, due to social and cultural barriers, the working classes continue to be denied access to a full and healthy educational career.
From the Paper
"If we look at the report published by the Department of Education and Science (1998, p.27) concerning educational performance and family background, we see that while over 50% of those in the "Higher Professional" family background leave secondary school with over five honours in the Leaving Certificate, only 4.1% of children whose parents are unskilled manual workers will manage to achieve the same success (Tovey and Share, 2000.) That said, the percentage of children whose parents belong to the "semi/unskilled manual" occupational group attending vocational schools is far higher than that of children from "upper non-manual" family backgrounds (Breen, 1984), according to a survey carried out by the Economic and Social Research Institute."
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Inequality and the Rich-Poor Divide, 2006.
This article discusses if there is inequality between the rich and poor, and if there is, how intense it is.
1,321 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Are the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer? The author brings a variety of articles that discuss the concept of inequality and how serious it really is. One article shows how income and wealth are not the same thing, another shows how rich and poor groups keep on changing, yet another discusses whether inequality is actually a problem, and finally an article defining the poverty gap as both income and asset poverty. There are differing views on what inequality consists of and what is problematic or just a product of the natural economy. The author concludes with these unresolved arguments and shows how complex the situation is.
From the Paper
"An article published in the Multinational Monitor titled "The Wealth Divide: The Growing Gap in the United States Between the Rich and the Rest" presents an interview with Edward Wolff, a professor of economics at New York University. The article provides information on the wealth gap in the United States, starting by noting that there is a difference between wealth and income. Wolff describes how wealth refers to the things that people own, including a home, real estate, shares, general belongings, and savings. One of the important things about wealth is that it determines how much income a person needs. For example, a person who owns their home outright and does not have a mortgage will be better off than a person who does not own their home, even if the two individuals have the same level of income. The other important point about wealth is that it provides a measure of security when individuals are unable to produce income for any reason. Wolff also describes trends and statistics regarding wealth in the article. These statistics include that in 1998, the richest one percent of households had 38 percent of all wealth and that the gap between the most wealthy and the least wealthy becomes constantly larger. This shows the extent of the inequality that exists in regards to wealth. It also shows how the wealthiest people make up only a small amount of the total population, yet have over one-third of the wealth. This shows that inequality does not exist only in regards to income, but is equally concerning in regards to the distribution of wealth."
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