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Racial Discrimination in Ontario Schools, 2006.
A discussion of the lasting effects that the marginalization of black students in Ontario schools will have on that student population.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 20 sources, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the marginalization of black students on Ontario schools, noting that this will have an effect far beyond the classroom, leaving many students unprepared to cope with the working world they will be part of in a few years. Such separation affects the child's ability to learn, damages his or her self-esteem, and creates a self-fulfilling prophecy of failure. Efforts have been made to reduce the degree of marginalization for precisely these reasons, and the more minority children can be included and made to feel part of the class, the better they will do.
From the Paper
"Race and racial discrimination can be problems in society, affecting social services, employment, and the legal system. Race is a special sort of problem in education, for it is through education that racial and ethnic groups escape the cycle of poverty that affects so many and so can reduce the effects of discrimination and in time eliminate the discrimination altogether."
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Understanding Corporate Racial Discrimination, 2002.
An insight into racial discrimination in the workplace and its consequences.
1,147 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the meaning of corporate racial discrimination, its consequences, the response of the firms that are allegedly practicing it and the methods of fostering corporate diversity. Racial discrimination is referred to any set of actions that discriminate on the basis of race, color, cast or creed. It shows how in the corporate world, racial discrimination can take the form of categorizing employees, customers and suppliers on the basis of their race, cast, color, or creed by treating them in a relatively negative way as compared to other races. It explains racial discrimination through the example of two different companies, Denny?s, a food service chain in the United States ,and Texaco Inc. regarding their treatment of minority workers and the consequences of the allegations of their action.
From the Paper
"In 1993, six US Secret Service agents who happened to be African-Americans went to Denny?s for breakfast. After waiting for a considerable period of time and complaining to the manager, when they still did not get served, they filed a class-action race-discrimination lawsuit against Denny?s. Not only did the management at Denny?s had to respond to this lawsuit but they were further forced to deal with the myriad complaints and lawsuits that followed this event. As a consequence of racial discrimination that was being practiced at Denny?s, the firm had to pay $54 million to 294,000 discriminated customers and their lawyers (Abes et.al, 2000). Furthermore, Denny?s was obliged into signing a decree with the US Justice Department where the firm agreed to publicize non-discriminatory policies and retrain existing employees about the same. Moreover the firm?s outlets came under the constant supervision of the Justice Department, for the following seven years, where they would be judged continually for any evidence of racial discrimination."
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Racial Discrimination, 2005.
This paper is a literature review of racial discrimination in the history of the U.S., mainly against blacks, and the laws introduced to eliminate such discrimination.
3,875 words (approx. 15.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper commences the history of racial discrimination laws with the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which outlawed discriminatory practices against blacks; post Civil-War legislatures desired the unification of the country and attempted to reconcile the living conditions for Black Freedmen. The author pointed out that the New Deal was important because it created a social accountability system, which had not existed and eliminated some of the social, political and economic problems, although the exclusionary zoning of this period proliferated the idea of segregation. The paper relates that the Civil Rights Movement and the Brown decision were pivotal because they set a precedence for the equal treatment of blacks at public facilities.
Table of Contents
Literature Review
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Racial Zoning Laws
The New Deal and Federal Government Discriminatory Housing Polices
Federal Policy after WWII
Events Leading to the Passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1968
Review of Key Debates and Lessons Learned
From the Paper
"Paulson goes on to state that the presidential vetoes and the overall message sent by President Johnson persuaded republicans that a constitutional amendment would be the only way to ensure the civil rights of White Unionists and Black freedmen living in the South. Furthermore, they thought the amendment was necessary to avoid a future Democratic-controlled Congress from abolishing the Civil Rights Act or other important wartime legislation. The result of these efforts was the fourteenth amendment, which the author describes as complex, disingenuous and using ambiguous language."
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Racial Discrimination in Sentencing, 2004.
An analysis of "Judging Judicial Discretion: Legal Factors and Racial Discrimination in Sentencing" by S. Bushway and A. Piehl.
996 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the article "Judging Judicial Discretion: Legal Factors and Racial Discrimination in Sentencing" where the authors attempt to determine whether judges in Maryland are racially discriminatory in their sentencing decisions. The paper studies their hypothesis that even in a state with voluntary sentencing guidelines, African-American offenders are being sentenced more harshly than whites. The paper looks at the trend the authors discovered regarding judges hiding behind legal factors to issue disparate sentences and agrees with the authors' conclusion that discrimination is happening in sentencing.
From the Paper
"The authors first started by explaining previous research on racial discrimination in sentencing. The issue of warranted and unwarranted disparity was very important to understanding the different approaches to this topic. As discussed in our textbook, African Americans tend to have longer criminal histories and they are charged with more serious crimes. In the article it was explained that most researchers separate warranted disparity, such as a harsher sentence because of a long criminal history, and unwarranted disparity, which can only be explained by race or other extra-legal influences on the sentencing decision (Bushway & Piehl, 2001). The authors state, "there is little evidence of direct racial discrimination once these legal factors are included in the statistical models" (Bushway & Piehl, 2001, p. 734). However, the authors contend that by taking out the warranted cases the discrimination is actually masked because there is disparity in those cases. This is discussed further in their findings."
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Racial Discrimination, 2004.
A look at the individual and societal costs of subtle sexual and racial discrimination.
820 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how racial discrimination has been prevalent for decades and how discrimination and prejudice against others continues to be widespread throughout the United States. It attempts to show how, by recognizing the individual and societal costs, as well as subtle expressions of prejudice, there is an increased chance of ending these outdated injustices.
Outline
Introduction
Individual Costs
Hostile Workplaces
Residential Segregation
Continuing Dilemma
Diversity
Examples
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It has been noted that ?many, if not most, historically white workplaces have a hostile racial climate (grove.ufl.edu/~feagin/costs1.htm).? This is due to the fact that ?most whites still harbor racist images, stereotypes, and propensities to discriminate against African Americans. Under the right circumstances, such stereotypes and prejudices play themselves out in subtly racist actions by whites (grove.ufl.edu/~feagin/costs1.htm).? While discrimination by fellow employees is appalling, when it is ?colluded in or made light of by higher-level and more powerful authorities, including immediate supervisors, top corporate executives, political leaders, and judges, its impact can be even more lasting and painful."
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Racial Discrimination in the Workplace, 2002.
An overview of some issues relating to racial discrimination in the workplace.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
A five-page Employment Law paper dealing with racial discrimination in the workplace, some of the legal statutes currently in place to address the phenomenon, and various forms of discrimination in corporations.
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Racial Discrimination, 2002.
A look at some landmark cases awarded against Fourth and Fifth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution regarding racial discrimination.
827 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines racial discrimination, as enforced through law enforcement personnel and in clear violation of the U.S Constitution. It discusses three landmark cases where the same racial justice in America was differently interpreted and the impact on the performance of the duty of the law enforcement officers. The cases are Mapp vs. Ohio, 1961; Terry vs. Ohio, 1968; and Miranda vs. Arizona, 1966.
From the Paper
"In the Miranda vs. Arizona case, petitioner Ernesto Miranda was taken into custody from his home and locked up in the Phoenix Police lock up facility. Upon identification by the complaining witness, Miranda was taken in to one of the interrogations rooms of the police station, and questioned by police officers. Miranda was not advised of his constitutional rights, nor his right to an attorney. Instead, Miranda was made to a sign a pre-typed statement, where-in it was categorically typed and mentioned that the confession by him was voluntarily made, was without any threats, or promises of immunity, and "with full knowledge of my legal rights, understanding any statement I make may be used against me". (Miranda v. Arizona, 1966)."
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Racial Discrimination and Jury Selection, 2004.
An examination of racial discrimination in the jury selection of current American trials.
3,624 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
Although American jurisprudence has held that a juror cannot be included or excluded on a jury on the basis of race, beginning in the mid-20th century, many observers suggest that the entire process today is riddled with loopholes that allow attorneys to ?shop? for jurors who will support their position based solely on racial considerations. This paper provides a review and discussion of the relevant literature on racial discrimination in jury selection, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"What is known is that the composition of a jury can make the difference between a guilty verdict and a defendant going free, with distinct differences being found between black and white juries. For example, a study conducted by psychologist Dennis Ugwuegbu determined that white jurors were more likely to find a defendant culpable of rape when he was black and the victim was white than in other racial combinations; on the other hand, blacks were more likely to find that a white defendant was culpable when the victim was black (Hans, 1986)."
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Racial Discrimination in Health Care, 2005.
A look at how racial discrimination in the U.S. affects the health care system and the economy.
1,942 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how racism in the health care system influences and affects not only the patients that are receiving treatment, but those that are administering the treatment as well. The paper then goes on to examine the economic impact that racial discrimination has on the health care system, its consequences, and what can be done to address the problem.
From the Paper
"Racial discrimination has been a problem in this country for many years. Ever since the days of slavery, there have been some people in the United States, and quite likely in other countries as well, that feel that one race is superior to another. Most of this is directed at the African-American population, but some of it is also directed at those that are Hispanic, Asian, and other races that are not strictly Caucasian. This problem extends to all aspects of society and due to this, healthcare is one area that is being strongly affected by this racial discrimination. This is true of both those that treat patients and those that need to be treated."
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Racial & Gender Discrimination in the Armed Forces, 2002.
A brief discussion of the issues of sexual, gender and racial discrimination in the military and its effects.
1,058 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper states that the phenomenon of racial and sexual discrimination has recently been made more public after a greater awareness of their existence has been surfacing. It briefly looks at the effects of such actions within the military and questions whether anything can be done about it.
From the Paper
"Yet, unlike the movies or the press accounts the resolutions were not easy to come to and the responses did not elicit satisfactory results for the victims and the dramatic public accounts are just the tip of the iceberg, the very extreme cases. In real life, in the military the daily occurrence of such discrimination problems far outweigh any public awareness of them. Racial and especially gender discrimination are still problems needing address within the armed forces. As there has already been a marked success, resulting from the relatively high rate of racial minority enlistment in the military, it is suggested that the organizations use their own success as an example for how to deal with the newer transition of desegregation of women in the military."
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Sports And Racial Discrimination, 2002.
Comparison of two books dealing with the subject of sports and racial discrimination.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This compares the two books "Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, & a Dream" by H. G. Bissinger and "Hardball: A Season in the Projects" by Daniel Coyle. Both books deal with the subject of sports and racial discrimination.
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Racial Discrimination at the Workplace, 2002.
A summary of laws relating to racial discrimination and an analysis of a case study.
1,568 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper contains a self-designed case study on racial discrimination in the workplace. It also takes into account the various laws that deal with such situations and how the employee is compensated for maltreatment.
From the Paper
"The Federal Law states that it is illegal to discriminate against employees on the basis of their race. In the United States, it is prohibited to discriminate and harass employees. This implies that the employer cannot treat an employee or applicant prejudicially because of one?s race or color or sex or even ethnic background in all forms of the employment relationship, including: help-wanted ads, interviews, pre-employment testing, hiring, job assignments, shift assignments, promotions, compensation, benefits, job training, layoffs or termination."
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Effects of Racial Discrimination, 2005.
This paper studies effects of racial discrimination in the United States and makes suggestions for the reduction of racism.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at some of the effects of racism in the US, especially on health, education, and class. The paper looks at why and how people discriminate, especially in the context of institutionalized racism. Further, the writer discusses some of the Anti-Discrimination laws passed recently and looks at what should be done about racism in the US.
From the Paper
"The effects of racism in the United States are felt at all levels of society in more ways than most people are aware of. Some of the effects are positive for those who are in power, but any racism in a society affects everyone negatively. This paper will briefly address a small number of the effects of racism on individuals and society, why people discriminate, under what circumstances and in what situations, and some of the legal steps that have been taken to reduce racism in the US. Unfortunately, racism is still alive and well in this country, if perhaps in more subtle ways, and it hurts people at every level of society as well as individuals."
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Racial Profiling and Discrimination, 2006.
A discussion regarding racial profiling and discrimination in the criminal justice system.
1,316 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at how there is currently a considerable amount of debate and contention about the practice of profiling, particularly with regard to the legal and ethical implications. The paper also reviews the argument that in some cases profiling is necessary in terms of national security.
Outline:
Introduction
Profiling and Prejudice
The Results of Profiling and Discrimination
The Contemporary Problem of Profiling
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A factor that has already been alluded to is that the result of profiling not only increases racial prejudice and social dissention, but that it can also lead to the biased overrepresentation of ethnic groups within the criminal justice system. There are numerous studies that attest to the overrepresentation of Blacks and Hispanics in the criminal system. One report state that there were "...serious findings of systematic unequal treatment of African American and Hispanic Americans and other minorities, as compared to their similarly situated white counterparts within the criminal justice system. "( Dunnaville C. 2000) Another important aspect of the study was that these disparities were found to begin with the very first stages of the process; which included the investigation of the suspected criminals by law enforcement officers, which again suggests discrimination. ( Dunnaville C. 2000) These disparities were then continued throughout the legal and criminal system. These are serious allegations as it amounts to stating that overrepresentation is in the first instance closely linked to racial and ethnic bias. "
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Henry and Ginzberg's "Racial Discrimination in Employment", 2007.
This paper reviews the methodology of a research project by Frances Henry and Effie Ginzberg entitled "Racial Discrimination in Employment", which asserts that at least in the 1990s, racism was a staple of the Toronto job market.
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Frances Henry and Effie Ginzberg's research revealed the apparent bias of the authors as well as their willingness to predicate their research based on their questionable methodology that was only "quasi-experimental" in nature. The author points out his or her critical concern about Henry and Ginzberg's definition of discrimination and whether or not they are being unjustly harsh in their assessment of many common employment practices. The paper relates that, nonetheless, there are strengths in the article such as having black testers and white testers apply for the same position and go to the same place to be interviewed, which makes possible a very good comparative analysis. The authors stresses that these in-person interviews rely upon anecdotal evidence collected at the site by the tester and not upon any independent statistical analysis.
From the Paper
"The problem with having professional actors is that they are obviously not playing themselves; suffice it to say, a case can be made that the in-person testing process was not as authentic as it should have been because thespians were trying to be someone else - as opposed to having ordinary people play themselves in the job interview process without affectation. The biggest problem I see in the decision of Henry and Ginzberg to use professional performers is that professional actors in such a circumstance could "ape" certain mannerisms or employ stereotypical behavior that might in some way distort the outcome of the interview."
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