| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "RACE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES TWENTIETH CENTURY": |
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"Race and Pregnancy Outcomes in the Twentieth Century", 2008.
A critical analysis of Dora L. Costa's "Race and Pregnancy Outcomes in the Twentieth Century: A Long-Term Comparison".
954 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses the social history approach and aspects of economic history and middle range theories coupled with smaller concepts or heuristic devices that have been utilised in Dora L. Costa's research "Race and Pregnancy Outcomes in the Twentieth Century: A Long-Term Comparison". The paper looks at how this piece of research centres on a middle-range theory concerning race and not a metanarrative like Marxism, and subsequently theories concerning the family, kinship, status and community are also subsidiary factors in this research.
From the Paper
" Data, can be easily skewed to fit the researcher's hypothesis, and the method used for sample selection; from what class, race, religion etc... that the sample is selected can be 'coloured' by the researcher's opinions of a class, race or religion and/or by what class, race or religion that the researcher belongs to. Some researchers may argue in an a posteriori way and omit or dismiss as "accidental, historical data" which does not support their theory. Many scientists are correct to criticise the "the socially manipulative ideological agendas of much social and historical enquiry" , which is often present-centred and policy orientated .However, a strength of Costa's work is its approach to the problem of multiple causation. As Sewell remarks, the notion of most analysts in simply choosing a prime cause and then trying to convey this through a chronological narrative, is not sufficiently analytical. "
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Race in Sports During the Twentieth Century, 2005.
A discussion regarding racial issues in American sports.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 3 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the influence that the American games have had on the USA during the 20th century. According to this paper, the history of American sports tells the story of the racial hurdles and struggles that was evident through the ages.
From the Paper
"During the Twentieth Century The American games that have consumed the sports minded population in the past several decades are not merely sources of entertainment filled with memorabilia from the past. The history of sports correlates strongly with the history of the United States in telling the story of race, and the inclusion of people of color throughout every facet of society. Learning the history of sports is to understand the racial struggles that have been evident in this country throughout history. It is therefore contended that while the sports industry of the United States has been engulfed with racial barriers throughout its history, these time periods strongly correspond to national events which brought race to the forefront of American society. "
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"Race and Mixed Race", 2002.
An examination Ranier Spencer's "Race and Mixed Race" which denies the concept of race.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This essay reviews Ranier Spencer's essay on "Race and Mixed Race." Spencer argues that there is actually no such thing as race, since so many identities and racial mixtures exist within each person. The essay argues that Spencer makes a legitimate point, but that his contention ultimately ignores what can actually be done about racism.
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Teenage Pregnancy, 2000.
An examination of teen pregnancy.
1,020 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the chances of a teenage mother having a second child. Reasons for teen pregnancy and outcomes of such are also discussed.
From the Paper
"Teen pregnancy has long been a problem in the United States. Public spending on programs that support pregnant teens has far surpassed that spent on initiatives to prevent teen pregnancy. Experts agree, however, the latest campaign against teen pregnancy marks a big improvement over older policies in one fundamental respect: It emphasizes prevention. Even so, with these programs in place, teen pregnancy may still continue to be a problem."
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Teen Pregnancy, 2008.
A discussion on the epidemiology approach to studying the phenomenon of teen pregnancy.
1,210 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses data from various sources including the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBSS) by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which provides current data every two years about the prevalence of health risk behaviors, including sexual behaviors of high school students' grades 9-12. The author points out that distribution, determinants, negative and positive outcomes and prevention programs are all included in current epidemiological studies. The paper also relates that the surveillance of prevention programs are conducted periodically to provide data to improve prevention programs such as polling parents to gather data for future curriculum changes in pregnancy prevention.
Table of Contents:
Epidemiological Data Collection
Elements of Epidemiology
Pregnancy Prevention Programs
Current Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program Statistics
Future Considerations for Pregnancy Prevention Programs
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The initial data collected for epidemiological studies in teen pregnancy mostly identified the issue and collected information about the risk factors and participants. Program evaluation is a continuous process of measuring effectiveness of programs. Prevention programs should include content to address primary prevention, or preventing first time pregnancies, and secondary prevention, or unplanned pregnancies occurring after the first pregnancy."
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Gestational Diabetes and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension, 2008.
This paper discusses gestational diabetes and looks at whether there is a connection with pregnancy-induced hypertension.
1,838 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that gestational diabetes affects only a very small percentage of all pregnant mothers. The writer further notes that pregnancy-induced hypertension is found in about the same proportion of pregnant mothers as is gestational diabetes. The writer points out that weight gain during pregnancy predicts very high risk for gestational diabetes, along with other problems such as pregnancy-induced hypertension, Cesarean section and stillbirth. The writer provides a literature review and discusses whether there is a link between gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension so that they can be treated together. The writer maintains that the treatment of women with gestational diabetes, along with health teaching, which involves dietary advice, blood glucose monitoring, and insulin therapy, results in a reduction of serious perinatal outcomes such as death or bone fracture. Other benefits include improved health-related quality of life among women with gestational diabetes, both during the antenatal period and three months after birth, as well as a possible reduction in the incidence of postnatal depression.
Outline:
Introduction
Background
Literature Review
Analysis
From the Paper
"Haakova and Cibula found in their retrospective study with data obtained from medical records that women who have polycystic ovary syndrome, which is a common endocrine disorder, that there are no important differences in the prevalence of gestational diabetes or of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Even though the two groups in the study were matched for age, weight, family history, and patient history, both gestational diabetes and hypertension were similar for those groups. However, as these researchers note, a high incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension has been found in several other studies of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, so that there may be a link between hyperinsulinaemia and hypertension during pregnancy.
"Lifestyle interventions also constitute the primary treatment for gestational diabetes."
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Hispanic Pregnancy, 2005.
Examines cultural practices during pregnancy in Hispanic families.
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the cultural practices that occur in Hispanic families during pregnancy. There is a large body of evidence that suggests that women of Hispanic descent are more likely to realize positive peri-natal outcomes despite social and economic disadvantages such as poverty during pregnancy. Preliminary research available indicates that this is largely due to familial and community ties which are rich within the Hispanic community. The researcher examines what specific factors related to Hispanic culture can be linked to positive birth outcomes, so that those practices might be harnessed and used by women of all nationalities and cultural origins.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Domian (2001) conducted a study which shows that among Hispanic mothers, pregnancy outcomes were more likely to be positive as a result of socialization processes that helped pregnant women and their family members adapt to the changes associated with pregnancy and delivery. Mutual sharing is thought to be a cultural practice that helps reinforce the family structure and encourages positive behaviors during pregnancy."
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Teen Pregnancy in Nevada, 2007.
A look at the problems concerning teen pregnancy in Nevada.
1,586 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issue of teen pregnancy and how the state of Nevada in particular has attempted to find solutions to this problem. The term teen pregnancy is defined and statistics presented. It looks at how Nevada has one of the highest teen pregnancy rates in the nation. Teens begin to have sex before the age of 16 and most teens who become pregnant report that they began having sex because their boyfriend wanted them to. It also discusses how reducing pregnancy in Nevada teens is important because of the negative social and financial impact that teen pregnancy has on the citizens of the state.
From the Paper
"At any given time in the state of Nevada there are at least 13 pregnant teens. Before one can begin to understand the impact teen pregnancy has on the nation and on the residents of Nevada one must first have an understanding of the definition of teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy for the purpose of this paper and for the purpose of research is a female that resides within the state of Nevada and is between the ages of 10 and 17 years old. She has been confirmed as pregnant through an accepted medical test. Teen pregnancy is an important issue in the state of Nevada because of the impact the extrapolated issues bring to the residents of the state. Because of those negative results it is vital that the state get control of and reduce the number of teenage pregnancy(Nevada Teen Pregnancy http://health2k.state.nv.us/cah/factsandstats.doc). "
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How Social Welfare Encourages Teen Pregnancy, 2002.
An overview of teen pregnancy in the United States today that examines the impact of social welfare programs on encouraging and maintaining the high rate of teen pregnancies.
2,909 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
While the pundits debate on the best way to educate young people about the risks associated with early pregnancies, tens of thousands of babies in the United States will continue to suffer from the physical and emotional problems associated with early teen pregnancies; the social welfare system appears to be contributing to this phenomenon. This paper provides an overview of teen pregnancy in the United States today and examines the impact of social welfare programs on encouraging and maintaining the high rate of teen pregnancies. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"Almost 80 percent of teen mothers eventually go on welfare which comprise more than 59 percent of the social welfare caseload. In fact, more than 75 percent of all unmarried teen mothers received welfare within five years of giving birth to their first child. The data for 1995 shows that 69 percent of births to teens in a five-year period were paid for by Medicaid or other government sources (?Adolescent Pregnancy and Childbearing in the U.S.,? 2001, 10). Teen pregnancies have also been associated with reduced educational attainment and employment opportunities. The research shows that less than one-third of teens who begin their families before age 18 ever complete high school. When compared to children born to women aged 20 and older, babies born to mothers aged 15-17 have poorer health, lower cognitive development, reduced educational attainments, and higher rates of behavior problems (?Adolescent Pregnancy and Childbearing in the U.S.,? 2001, 10-11). Although the teen pregnancy rate (the number of pregnancies per 1,000 teenage women) decreased to 101 in 1995 (the lowest level since 1975), nevertheless each year nearly one million American teenage women become pregnant, and four out of ten American teenage women become pregnant before the age of 20. During this same period, the outcome of teenage pregnancies has changed. Sixty-three percent of pregnant teenagers gave birth and 22 percent had abortions in 1995 compared to 1983 data which shows that 47 percent of teenagers gave birth and 43 percent had abortions (?Adolescent Pregnancy and Childbearing in the U.S.,? 2001, 2). The vast majority of teens who give birth prefer to keep their babies; in fact, fewer than 10 percent of teenagers who delivered babies chose adoption in 1995."
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Teen-aged Pregnancy, 2008.
This paper is a proposal to study the relationship of culture and attitudes to teen-aged pregnancies.
3,095 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, for at least a century in North America, the phenomenon of teen-aged pregnancy has been examined as social malady with its pathology in questions of low morality or education, sexual abuse, low self-esteem or other defects of the affected girl. The author points out that there is relatively little research on how a pregnancy may directly harm the teen-aged girl. The paper proposes a project of straightforward functionalism to gain possibly new insights into how this phenomenon originates and how it continues when North American girls mainly are well informed as to reproduction, birth control and the non-desirability of teen-aged pregnancy. The author underscores that some cultures regard teen-aged pregnancy as less negative than a much abhorred termination of pregnancy.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Reflection on a Timeless Issue
Review of Literature
Theoretical Considerations
Methodology
Analysis
Ethical Considerations
Dissemination of Findings
Conclusion
From the Paper
"All persons to express interest in becoming participants in the project, or those merely wishing to ask about its nature and aims, will be assured verbally of the confidentiality of what they, or someone they know, may choose to contribute. When a person is contacted with a brief questionnaire a formal written guarantee of confidentiality will be provided that explains clearly the purposes of the research and its potential uses. The imperatives of confidentiality and explaining a sound agenda of research in terms of wanting to clarify why teenaged pregnancy occurs and attitudes towards it are obvious."
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The Pregnancy Resource Center, 2005.
This paper discusses the Pregnancy Resource Center (PRC), a Christian-value human service agency.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although they counsel young women about all options including pregnancy termination, the Pregnancy Resource Center (PRC) provides information, counseling and pregnancy testing but not abortions and offers services free or at a very low cost to clients, young and old. The author points out that PRC believes that the most common alternative to unwanted pregnancies is abstinence. The paper relates that the agency provides support to mothers who choose to keep and raise their children, everything from baby formula and diapers to maternity and baby clothing, car seats,and cribs to needy families and mothers.
From the Paper
"Funding is always a challenge in any community service organization such as this. PRC has a wide variety of creative funding and donation sources. They provide a donation button on their Web site, and have several local programs where citizens can donate a variety of equipment and funds. The ask for donations of baby and expecting mother necessities, such as baby bottles, clothing, formula, diapers, cribs, and more. They also encourage people to turn in their own cell phones for recycling. They receive $7 for each phone they collect and turn in to an organization that refurbishes them and donates them to needy organizations. They also have a program with the local Marble Slab Creamery ice cream store."
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Adolescent Pregnancy, 2005.
This paper discusses the prevalence and problems of adolescent pregnancy in the United States.
1,780 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that many factors contribute to teen pregnancies and not all of them deal with the lack of knowledge of safe-sex: The absence of fathers as a positive male role-model in girls' lives, molestation, rape, incest and peer pressure. The author points out that many teen moms face a great deal of decisions from what to do with this new child, to finishing high school or to marry the father. The paper stresses that one of the biggest concerns of adolescent mothers is how her parents are going to react to the new member of the family especially if the new grandchild is to become a member of the household.
Table of Contents
Introduction: Realities of Teen Sexual Activity and Pregnancy
Statistics
Is Teen Pregnancy a Problem?
Why Children Are Having Children - Factors Contributing to Teen Pregnancy
Absence of Fathers
Molestation/Rape
Peer Pressure
Social Issues
Consequences
Reactions within Society
Fathers with 'Bad' Image
Preventing Teen Pregnancy
Abstinence
'Wait for Marriage'
Parental Involvement
Sex Education
Options for Teen Mothers
Options regarding the Baby
Abortion
Adoption
Raising the Child
School or No School
Marriage
Parents of 'Parents'
Feelings/Concerns
New Role as 'Grandparent'
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Preventing teen pregnancy can be achieved through many different ways. Not only is parental involvement key, but the idea of having sex education in schools also helps to educate young people about the risks involved with having sex, along with the possibility to getting pregnant. Waiting for marriage has grown to becoming a popular view amongst many teens today. This important message sets boundaries for many adolescents as they realize the consequences of becoming teen parents. Besides teaching 'no sex,' many are taught about 'safe sex.' The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention concluded in a recent report that there has been a decrease in sexual activity and an increase in contraceptive use, contributing almost equally to the decline in adolescent pregnancy since the 1990s. The researchers reported that efforts to prevent pregnancy in adolescents should continue to focus on delaying the onset of sexual activity and increasing the use of effective contraceptives."
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Teen Pregnancy in the United States, 2004.
An in-depth look at the social problems relating to adolescent pregnancies in America today.
3,410 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
Adolescent pregnancy has long been a societal concern, but in the past decade, this issue has become one of the most frequently cited examples of the perceived societal decay in the United States. This paper shows that, despite the recent decline in teen birth rates, pregnancy in this group remains a significant problem in America, and it is a problem that impacts nearly every community. The paper argues that the responsibility to solve this problem lies with all of us, including families, communities, and young people themselves. The paper includes a graph.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Problem of Teen Pregnancy
Teen Pregnancy and Risk Factors
Economics, Poverty, Social Issues and Teen Pregnancy
Media and Teen Pregnancy
Adolescent Birth Rates
Perspectives: Conservative, Centrist and Liberals
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The younger the teenage mother is, the higher the chances are that she and her baby will have health problems. This is mainly due to late prenatal care (if any) and poor nutrition. (21) An adolescent mother and her baby may not get enough nutrients and, because the mother's body is not fully mature, she may have many complications throughout the duration of the pregnancy. (22) Along with the mother, the children of teenage parents too often become part of a cycle of poor health, school failure, and poverty."
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Ending Teen Pregnancy, 2005.
A look at how best to reduce the rate of teen pregnancy.
894 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper points out that, while the teen pregnancy rate is declining, it is still a significant societal problem that must be addressed. The paper further points out that previous methods of reducing the teen pregnancy rate typically targeted teenage females only and did not include the male counterpart; this approach makes efforts to reduce the teen pregnancy rate less effective. Instead, the paper argues that the teen pregnancy rate will dramatically decline if both male and female teens are encouraged to take a more active role in their romantic relationships so that they will more readily discuss the use of contraceptive with their potential sexual partner.
From the Paper
"Although teen pregnancy rates are at a historic low, teen pregnancies still occur at alarming rates ("U.S. Pregnancy Rate Down from Peak; Births and Abortions on the Decline"), and America still has the highest teen pregnancy rate of any major industrialized nation (Hunt). For the teens experiencing those pregnancies, there is little consolation in the fact that the national trend is towards lower teen pregnancy rates. Therefore, the challenge for a successful teen pregnancy prevention program is targeting those teens that are most at risk of becoming sexually active and possibly pregnant. Because research suggests that the majority of teens consider themselves as part of a couple when they engaged in their first sexual activity (Ryan), pregnancy-prevention efforts should be aimed at teens involved in relationship."
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