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R&D in Engineering, 2004.
A look at the role of the research and development department of an engineering firm.
803 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, from an engineering perspective, R&D is normally defined as the search for and discovery of new knowledge about products, processes, and services, and then applying that knowledge to create new and improved products, processes, and services that fill market needs. It looks at how every major company has an R&D department, usually with a budget separate from that in the production area, and how such a department is critical to companies, especially with the increased global competition and reduction of resources.
From the Paper
"Research is often conducted by one person or a few individuals working together, rather than in large groups. The main directive is very narrow, rather than broad goals. Development, however, is normally a team project that necessitates high efficiency and close coordination for cost effectiveness and time/deadline concerns. Engineers must keep to strict methodological parameters. The increasing complexity in technology such as computerized components or artificial intelligence demands a rigorous and systematic approach to the planning and conduct of research and development projects. Few companies can remain in business without continual innovation, and this requires stringent coordination and communication between engineering, manufacturing and R&D. Research and development contribute the information for a product and engineering supplies the skills to design and produce it (Maynard 2-3)."
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R&D and Competitive Advantage, 2005.
A discussion on whether research and development is the basis of long-term national competitive advantage.
1,768 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to show that research and development (R&D) is an important factor of competitive advantage as long as it involves the creation of marketable innovations. It points out that R&D is a rather complex procedure and it is important how R&D expenditure is managed. It also analyzes the contribution of innovation systems on leading economies, namely Japan and the USA.
Outline
Introduction
R&D and Competitive Advantage
R&D and Economic Growth
R&D and National Innovation Systems
R&D, A Complex Process
Characteristics of National Innovation Systems
Japanese and American National Systems of Innovation
Private Sector
Public Sector
Conclusion
Reference List
From the Paper
"A century ago, technological change has been the result of random innovations made by individual and independent inventors only. However, in today's world, characterized by ever increasing global competition, companies as well as governments put their emphasis on organized innovation in their strive for accelerating the process of obtaining technological advance. Organized innovation refers to innovations as the outcome of systematic investments in research and development (R&D) in order to achieve competitive advantage."
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The New Jersey Senate Race Between Franks (R) and Corzine (D), 2000.
An analysis of the two candidates' political careers, opinions, and standing with the New Jersey public.
3,865 words (approx. 15.5 pages), 19 sources, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper, written before the election of November 7, 2000, presents a detailed analysis of political careers, opinions, and standing, of contenders for the New Jersey Senate, Franks and Corzine.
From the Paper
"In the Democratic primary, Corzine had a distinctive win and therefore does not create controversy within his party and therefore will not lose nearly as many votes as result of the primary like Franks will. The combination of Corzine?s personal wealth, Democratic and liberal ideas closer in consistency to the wants of the state of New Jersey than Franks?, and lack of truly strong opposition will catapult him to victory come November 7, 2000. "
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"The Cultural Significance Of Accounts" ( D.R. Scott ), 1995.
Examines the author's history of economics and accounting and its relationship to Thomas Kuhn's and Bruno Latour's theories of scientific paradigms.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 10 sources, $ 103.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine whether the actual history of science regarding D.R. Scott's Cultural Significance of Accounts bears out Thomas S. Kuhn's thesis of the structure of scientific revolutions as following patterns of discovery, development of a paradigm, the emergence of anomalies producing crisis, and the development of new paradigms, all of which lead to a shift in the overall scientific world view. In addition, Scott's theory will be analyzed from the standpoint of Latour's theory of the black box as containing fundamental truth, to see whether Scott's views have the effect of either opening closed boxes to replace existing theory on one hand or constitute the emergence of an entirely new paradigm on the other. As appropriate, both scientific and what might be termed the extrascientific elements of prevailing culture will be cited, with a ..."
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Christianity from A.D. 50 to A.D. 100, 2001.
A discussion on how Constantine had some bearing on Christianity; the formation of single unified Roman Orthodox Church.
1,540 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This essay compares the Christian religion prior to and after the rise of Constantine from A.D. 50 to A.D. 100. The author examines the influence Constantine had on Christianity in forming a single unified Orthodox Roman Church.
From the Paper
"When Constantine the Great took the throne in A.D. 306, Christianity began to be more clearly adopted as the religion of the Roman imperial government. While a struggle for spiritual authority had been going on since the time of Jesus, it was from this official embrace of Constantine that the idea of forming a single, unified and orthodox Roman church began to develop."
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Hackers, Phreakers, Reverse Engineers and Social Engineers, 2006.
A look at the meanings and origins of computer terms typically used when discussing technical and computer-related crimes.
1,168 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the meanings of the terms "hackers", "phreakers", "reverse engineers" and "social engineers" and takes a look at what they mean in terms of computer and technical crimes. The paper describes some of the techniques used by people committing these types of crimes and some of the methods companies are employing to combat the problem.
From the Paper
"When most people think of "hackers" they think of nerdy, pimply-faced teenagers wasting time in their parent's basements-maybe trying to mess with their high school transcript or web site. However, the real world of computer hacking has grown far more complex and widespread. In fact, now the term "hacker" in itself is no longer sufficient to encompass all of the very different "types" of computer code criminals there are in the "underground world" of technology. Instead, we now have specialized terms in addition to "Hacker," like "Phreaker," Reverse Engineer," and "Social Engineer," to name a few. But what exactly does each of these do?"
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"Dogeaters" ( Jessica Hagedorn ) & "Rolling the R's" ( R Zamora Linmark ), 1999.
Reviews of works on Filipino experience in Manila & Hawaii. Discusses issues of class & generational conflict, assimilation and language.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Two recent novels--Dogeaters by Jessica Hagedorn and Rolling the R's by R. Zamora Linmark--illuminate different aspects of the Filipino experience, the first set in Manila and so in the Filipino homeland, the second in Hawaii and so a reflection of the immigrant experience in America. Both works reflect the difficulty faced in the conflict between the old culture and the new. In both books, the older generation is tied to the culture of the Philippines while the younger generation is seduced by American popular culture. In Dogeaters, this conflict takes place in the Philippines as the powerhouse of American popular culture beckons to the young. In Rolling the R's, the conflict takes place in Hawaii as people who have immigrated form the Philippines are exposed even more directly to American life and culture. The themes of class conflicts, assimilation, and the.."
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The History of Engineering Education in the United States, 2001.
A look at the development of engineering education and its effect on society.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author takes an in-depth look at the history of engineering education and the ways that engineering, and engineering schools, continue to improve life. The author investigates why engineering schools began to assume greater importance in the second half of the 19th century in the United States and considers the historical context of engineering and engineering education.
From the paper:
?As people?s understanding of the ways in which the physical world is constructed increased over time, engineering developed a number of subfields that addressed the various problems inherent in different materials and different applications. Thus developed the traditional four primary engineering subdivisions: civil, mechanical, electrical, and chemical. Over time specific educational programs would develop to train engineers in each of these subfields.?
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Genetic Engineering: Benefits Toward Society, 2001.
A persuasive paper describing the popular uneasiness revolving around genetic engineering. The paper provides counter examples to argue that genetic engineering causes more good than harm and that genetic engineering will lead society into the future.
1,845 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 15 sources, $ 59.95
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Aerospace Engineering, 2002.
An exploration of aerospace engineering.
2,126 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an insight into aerospace engineering, the flight of vehicles in space, beyond the earth's atmosphere which includes the study and development of rocket engines, artificial satellites and spacecraft. It examines the plethora of purposes that it serves with earthbound vehicles and household supplies and discusses the various tasks that an aerospace engineer team performs. It looks at the future of aerospace engineering including education, new products and challenges to the aerospace engineering program in the United States.
Outline
Introduction
Definition of Aerospace Engineering
Plethora of Purposes
Earthbound Vehicles
Household Products
Tasks that an Aerospace Engineer Performs
The Engineer
The Scientist
The Technician
The Future of Aerospace Engineering
Education
New Products
Challenges to Aerospace Engineering
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The engineer can serve of to twelve different purposes. For this discussion we will only focus on four of these purposes including; analytical, computational fluid dynamics, design, and systems software. Analytical engineering involves the combination of math and rudimentary engineering practices. The computational fluid dynamics engineering implements the use of high speed computers to solve complex nonlinear equations which govern fluid motion. (?Education?) Design engineering determines the arrangement, function and structure of a component or the entire design of a vehicle. (?Education?) Finally, systems software engineering involves performing the proper analysis of the system."
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Engineering Economy, 2005.
Defines and explains engineering economy and how it applies to financial management practices.
1,632 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper defines engineering economy and explains how it is used to evaluate projects relating to their costs and their future value. The paper explains how engineering economy deals with how much a project will cost and what the future benefits of that project will be. This leads into a discussion of "the time value of money", one of the most important concepts in engineering economy. Finally, the paper explains several of the basic concepts of engineering economy and how these concepts can be applied to a company's financial management practices.
From the Paper
"When we are faced with an engineering project, in general, there are two main things to consider. One of them is how much the project costs, the second one is how much benefit the project will bring. The problem with the project benefit is that, most often, these are future benefits, while the costs are in the present. How can we compare future benefits with present costs? The answer is rather simple: by calculating the future benefits in terms of present benefits. Hence, it is now the proper time to introduce the concept of the time value of money, perhaps the most important concept in engineering economy."
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Genetic Engineering, 2004.
An analysis of the principles, uses and ethics of genetic engineering.
2,863 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper explains, starting from the basics, what genetic engineering actually is, and how it is carried out. It details its uses in society and explains the risks involved and how to overcome them. Ethics and social values are included in the discussion.
Outline
Introduction
Principles of Genetic Engineering
Applications of Genetic Engineering
Hazards and Ethical and Social Implications of Genetic Engineering
From the Paper
"Restrictions have become less severe over the years, and genetic engineering is being applied more and more as public approval is constantly being sought. Nevertheless, this does not diminish the potential dangers of creating transgenic organisms. For example, consider the use of genetically modified organisms - GMO's - in the general environment, such as crop plants. Can such organisms be used safely? Suppose the pollen of these plants are transferred to wild relatives, thus injecting the gene into a different species. These plants may now act as weeds, and if the crop plants were engineered to be herbicide-resistant, then the weed will be similarly so. When a new type of oilseed rape resistant to the herbicide Basta was produced by the Belgian company 'Plant Genetic Systems' in 1994, there were concerns that rapeseed would act as a weed in hedgerows and would be impossible to control with Basta."
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Genetic Engineering, 2003.
A discussion of the potential of genetic engineering in the cure of many diseases and the debate surrounding its use.
1,567 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper provides insight into genetic engineering and gene therapy, the changing of an organism?s genes in order to remove unwanted characteristics within an organism or to add other characteristics. In particular, it examines how genetic engineering techniques can be used to identify and treat certain diseases as well as aid doctors in creating custom-made drugs for specific patients. It shows that while the current application of genetic engineering on humans is limited, the hope is that genetic engineering will be able to treat many common diseases. It also describes the controversial issues surrounding its use with doctors, ethicists, religious groups and politicians and examines why science should be careful when applying this technology.
From the Paper
"The use of gene therapy began on September 14, 1990 and was use to treat a four-year old girl who was suffering from adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. This is a fatal disease that attacks the immune system. The problem was that her cells were not creating the ADA enzyme necessary for the immune functions of the cells. Doctors at the National Institute of Health in Bethesda Maryland removed blood cells from the patent and modified them with a viral vector from normal ADA genes. When the blood was infused back into the girl?s blood stream, the ADA gene programmed the cells to produce the missing enzyme. This helped the girl to develop a resistance to infection, albeit temporarily (Isasi, 2002)."
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Genetic Engineering: Cloning, 2006.
A review of the controversial issue of genetic engineering and cloning.
2,950 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the genetic engineering process of cloning. The paper opens with a discussion about genetics and the author's assertion that cloning humans will happen in the near future. Next, the paper studies the process of cloning, which naturally occurs botanically. The paper then turns to cloning among animals and -- ultimately -- human beings. After an analysis of recombinant-DNA formation, the paper concludes with a review of the debate over the morality of cloning.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
A. Background
1. What genetics and genetic engineering are.
2. Why cloning is tantalized.
B. Thesis Statement
II. Body
A. Cloning in Nature
1. Primary and Supplementary
2. Other examples from Nature
B. Artificial Techniques
1. For Plants
2. In Horticulture
C. Types and Techniques of Cloning
1. Molecular
2. Myths
3. Recombinant-DNA Formation
D. History of Cloning
1. From Spemann to
2. Japan
E. Moral Issues: The Controversy
1. For and Against
III. Conclusion
A. Brief Summary
B. Cloning has been going on for a long time, while cloning humans may seem very futuristic, it will happen in the near future.
IV. Appendices: Graphs
V. Annotated Bibliography
VI. Works Cited
From the Paper
"Some examples of cloning from nature are the primary reproductive mode and supplementary reproductive mode. The primary reproductive mode occurs in species whose reproduction is strictly asexual; each population consists of one or more clones, depending on the number of individuals in the colony there was to start. Such species include all bacteria and blue-green bacteria, most protozoans, algae, some yeast, and even some higher plants and animals, such as dandelions and flatworms. Supplementary reproductive mode occurs in some algae, which reproduce sexually and asexually. Those individuals formed by asexual reproduction, called zoospores constitute a clone. In the club mosses and some higher plants, a runner, or stem, grows horizontally along the surface of the soil and at intervals produces roots and upright stalks. When the sections of stem between stalks disintegrate, the separated individuals constitute a clone."
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Engineering Education, 2006.
A paper explaining why an education in engineering today requires a global outlook.
2,052 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the only way that engineers will find success today is if they adopt a global perspective in their thinking. The paper maintains that a global outlook is necessary in an engineering education if engineers want to be aware of their competition and their need to compete in an increasingly global marketplace. The paper also asserts that the global outlook is necessary so that engineers are aware that they may need to collaborate with individuals from other countries.
Introduction
International Outlook
Educational Requirements
Current Implementation
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Engineering was founded on change, and today, more than ever, change drives engineering. Engineering, in its most basic form, is the creation of something new in order to bring about an improvement in the field for which that creation was designed. To continue that process, an engineer must attempt to broaden the existing designs to their fullest extent and introduce new designs. To ensure that the engineer has successfully undertaken a project, he or she must consider all of the possibilities available as part of the design process. Certainly, the only way to do so is to look beyond the familiar. By broadening his or her horizons, today's engineer can find success. Therefore, engineers must be exposed to the broadest base of information available. A global outlook is now required."
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