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Questioning the U.S.'s Preemptive Imperative, 2004.
An argument for rethinking the "preemptive strike doctrine" and the duty that the United States Government takes on to protect the world.
3,063 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
Times have changed, and the days of "big-stick politics" need to be reexamined. The U.S.'s "Duty To Prevent" should be replaced with the UN's proposal of "The Responsibility to Protect." With legitimacy, bureaucracy and desirability of such policies in mind, this paper examines the necessity of a reevaluation of the U.S.'s policies in world politics intervention.
From the Paper
"Political scientists and historians alike often refer to the days of 'big-stick politics' and nuclear arms racing as political dynamics of the past, left in the dust after the end of the Cold War. To many, this Hobbesian period marked a barbarous element of politics that is now past, replaced by the optimistic presence of TANs, NGOs, nuclear nonproliferation treaties, and human rights norm dissemination. "
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U.S.-Led Invasion of Iraq, 2002.
An analysis of the reasons for the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, according to the Americans.
1,542 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The U.S.-led invasion of Iraq has invited a lot of controversy about the justification, legality, and ethics of a ?preemptive? strike against a foreign government. Although the U.S. government has justified it on several grounds, most countries in the rest of the world remain unconvinced. In this paper, the writer examines how the U.S. and its coalition partners justify the invasion of Iraq and compares it to the French position. It also discusses the impact of this invasion on future international affairs.
From the Paper
"The main reasons given by the US government (and its main ally, Britain) are that Iraq and its regime under Saddam Hussain possessed weapons of mass destruction; that it has failed to co-operate fully with UN inspectors as called for by UN Security Council resolutions; that the regime has links to terrorist groups including Al-Qaeda, and that Saddam Hussain?s regime posed ?a clear and present danger? to the United States and the rest of the world if left unchallenged. It was implied that the regime was likely to provide weapons of mass destruction (including biological weapons) to terrorist organizations with devastating effect. The US government, therefore, felt justified in leading a ?pre-emptive? strike on Iraq to find and destroy the weapons of mass destruction and to effect ?a regime change.? "
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The U.S. and the U.N. Rights of the Child Convention, 2002.
This paper discusses why the U.S. hasn't signed the treaty on the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child.
5,060 words (approx. 20.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination, written from a legal standpoint, of the treaty on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children. The paper concludes the U. S. is willing to intervene in other international problems, such as oil; and therefore, it should make a public statement to protect the world?s most precious commodity, children, by supporting the treaty.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What Is It
What It Protects
What about the Legal Standpoint
Why Is Treaty Needed
Why Won't the U.S. Sign?
Reasons for Signing the Treaty
From the Paper
"While there are many political reasons that the US may refuse to sign the treaty, one of the chief causes for concern might be the establishment of an International Criminal Court. Many UN delegates support the idea of an International Criminal Court but the United States has been steadfast in its refusal to agree. An international criminal court might begin the slippery slope of descent to the power of individual nations when it comes to many issues including the treaty.If the international criminal court gains favor and power in the future it is feasible that the court could be used to enforce the treaty."
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Multiculturalism in the U.S. and U.K., 2005.
This paper presents an analysis regarding the doctrine of multiculturalism.
904 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the doctrine of multiculturalism. The writer offers an analysis of why such a doctrine is problematic. In order to examine the issue of multiculturalism, the writer uses examples from the public education systems in the U.S. and Great Britain to show the difficulties in treating all cultures as equal.
From the Paper
"Multiculturalism is defined by the Ayn Rand institute as the view that all cultures are equal. While this doctrine is often adopted in spirit if not in principle in the U.S. and Great Britain, multiculturalism is problematic as a term. For if all cultures are equal we cannot say that there is one superior way of being, one superior set of values or one superior method of educating individuals. However societies like America and Great Britain often adopt such methods values ... "
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War with Iraq, 2002.
This paper discusses the risks of a U.S. war with Iraq
950 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
In looking at the risks of a U.S. war with Iraq, this paper discusses the increase in the threat to national security, the destabilizatiuon of world peace and the violation of democratic principles. The author draws the conclusion that America would be violating each and every principle that it claims to uphold if it chooses to go to war with Iraq.
Outline
1. An increase in the threat to national security.
a. Mercenary and fundamentalist factions in Afghanistan that once followed U.S. wishes turned against the U.S. post the Gulf War against Iraq, ultimately leading to September 11, 2001.
b. Rise in anti-American sentiment
i. Questions over U.S. rhetoric and double standards such as categorizing Iraq and Iran as belonging to the ?axis of evil,? but continuing to turn a blind eye to terrorist activity in Pakistan within its own borders and in Kashmir.
2. Destabilization of world peace
a. U.S. action against Iraq could lead to further destabilization of the entire Middle East region, as opined by many leading experts.
b. Breakdown of international arms non-proliferation and disarmament efforts since U.S. preemptive action will lend further justification to countries of different ideological leanings to arm themselves in the interests of national self-defense.
3. Violation of democratic principles
a. The right of the people of each country to choose their preferred course of action and if so desired overthrow their own government, which has been exercised time and again in world history
i. Our own struggle to break away from British Imperialism
ii. India?s freedom of struggle against the British using non-violent principles and forms of rebellion.
iii. The increasing fall in U.S. public opinion
b. A war against an already deprived and suffering nation raises questions about humanitarian principles.
4. In conclusion, we will be violating each and every principle that we claim to uphold if we choose to go to war with Iraq.
From the Paper
"I don?t think anyone in the free world doubts that Saddam Hussein is a ?threat? to international peace. However, any military action is likely to be risky and self-defeating at this point in time. To start with, any U.S. action against Iraq and that too, without support from the UN and the international community is likely to endanger and not protect national security. For after all, let?s not forget and let?s face upto the fact that Osama was, in many ways, a creation of the U.S., who brought together a combination of communal factions and mercenaries in Afghanistan during the years of the Cold War, on the platform of anti-communism and ?jehad.? Post the end of the Cold War, however, various interested factions in the Islamic world continued to use Afghanistan and the very same U.S. creations of jehadis to spread Islamic fundamentalism."
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Preemptive War, 2005.
This paper discusses the U.S. foreign police that uses preemptive and unilateral war.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that America has become a preemptive and unilateral military force in the world due to the Bush Administration's foreign policy. The author points out the illogic of attacking a country with no ties to Bin Laden or weapons of mass destruction makes for dangerous foreign policy. The paper stresses that NATO as a real international arbitrator of tyranny seems lost as America appears to be taking on a single mindedness of its own.
From the Paper
"This foreign policy analysis examines the role of preemptive war through United States Foreign policy. Though the normative political reasons for the war in Iraq were caused in response to the attacks of 9/11 on American soil, the reasons for war in the Middle East rely more on oil and American domination. By examining the way that Bush's presidential policy intervened in foreign affairs with military might before 9/11, we can see that preemptive and unilateral war is the new trend in the Bush Administrative policy after 9/11."
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The Art of Questioning in Elementary Education, 2002.
A paper on the art of questioning young students to elicit quality responses and improve their learning skills.
1,524 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
A study into the effectiveness and need for teachers who ask probing questions to their students. The paper defines the art of questioning as a technique of using probing questions to elicit responses that reflect critical thinking and creativity. Instead of asking questions that produce a dead-end response, a skilled teacher is able to sustain a stream of interrelated questions that respond to students? answers. The paper looks at the skills needed by the teachers and the results they can effect in their student population.
From the Paper
"First, teachers who practice the art of questioning know how to ask a variety of questions to produce reflective responses. Inference questions challenge students to come up with ideas that are not directly presented to them. In interpretation questions, the teacher helps students trace the development of their thinking processes or interpretation of the problem. With transfer questions, students apply their learning to a new topic."
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Preemptive Warfare, 2007.
A review of the arguments for and against the use of preemptive warfare for national security in the United States.
1,364 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of preemptive warfare and the explication of its goals as they are outlined in a September 2002 White House publication entitled "The National Security Strategy of the United States of America." The paper describes the arguments for and against preemptive warfare and concludes that most arguments against preemptive warfare are understandable, but unsound in light of the dual threat of rogue states and trans-national terrorism.
From the Paper
"Most arguments against preemptive warfare are understandable but unsound in light of the dual threat of rogue states and trans-national terrorism. The war in Iraq was justified in spite of the faulty intelligence, as it will ultimately weaken the potential of terror networks to use Iraq as a base. Preemptive warfare has not been used indiscriminately, or else the United States would have also struck at targets throughout the world wherever terrorist cells are known to operate. Arguments against preemptive strikes often criticize American hegemony, but American hegemony makes global security possible. More than any other single nation, the United States has the potential to combat the worldwide threat of terrorism and will make the world a safer place."
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Categorical Imperative, 2002.
This paper discusses Immanuel Kant?s famous argument that his Categorical Imperative is fundamentally different and superior to the greatly flawed Golden Rule.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper agrees with Kant that the Categorical Imperative is very different from the Golden Rule. The author believes that the Categorical Imperative is clearly independent of the sentiment regarding the self; whereas, the Golden Role?s moral strength comes directly from, and is dependent on, a sentiment regarding the self. The author concludes that the Golden Rule seems much more consistent with the irrational mess that is human morality and behavior and is an invaluable and simple tool for guiding moral decisions than is the Categorical Imperative.
From the Paper
"Kant himself more succinctly states his Categorical Imperative as "Act only on that maxim whereby thou canst at the same time will that it should become a universal law." Under Kant?s Categorical Imperative, an action can only be considered moral if it fulfils three important criteria. First, the action must be judged to be universally acceptable. Second, the action must be judged to respect the dignity of persons. Finally, the judged action must be acceptable to rational people. Further, the Categorical Imperative must always be followed regardless of individual self-interest."
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Preemptive Force in Iran, 2004.
A discussion about whether preemptive force should be used in Iran.
1,135 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Should we use preemptive force in Iran or not? This paper compares the use of preemptive force with the present situation of suspected nuclear proliferation in Iran and that of the suspected proliferation of Iraq.
From the Paper
"Iran?s nuclear program began during the era of the Shah, and blossomed into a plan that included the building of 20 nuclear reactors. During the Iran-Iraq conflict, two of these unfinished reactors were bombed in Bushehr, while through the 1979 revolution, the Iranian nuclear program has gone through stops and starts, its current guidelines seem to include the building of 15 power reactors and 2 research facilities. Since 1992, Iran has compiled with IAEA and allowed routine inspections of its facilities and progress."
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Kant's "Categorical Imperative", 2002.
This essay elaborates on what Immanuel Kant calls the "Categorical Imperative" or what he believes to be man's one criterion for moral obligation.
1,060 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This work deals with Kant's understanding of the basis for moral actions taken from his work entitled "The Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals". He believes that there is one criterion for moral obligation which he refers to as the "categorical imperative". A large part of this essay discusses the four ways in which this "categorical imperative" can be formulated.
From the Paper
"In presenting the one criterion for moral obligation, Immanuel Kant first rejects other moral traditions before his time: among them, the virtue theory, which bases morality on good character traits; and the consequential theory, which bases it on the consequences of actions. In response, he argues that moral actions are based only on a ?supreme principle of morality? ? one that is objective, rational and freely chosen -- which he called the categorical imperative."
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"China's Economy: U.S. and E.U. Get Tough on Textiles", 2005.
A review of the article "China's Economy: U.S. and E.U. Get Tough on Textiles".
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
"This paper discusses an article from the Economist Intelligence Unit, a publication of The Economist, entitled "China's Economy: U.S. and E.U. Get Tough on Textiles" as it relates to the price pressures on apparels in the U.S. market. These issues are examined from a macroeconomic perspective with an emphasis on Keynesian and neo-classical macroeconomic theory.
From the Paper
"Following the end of quotas on textile imports from China as of 1 January 2005, both the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) have witnessed a massive influx of textile imports from China: "U.S. imports of Chinese clothing swelled in January, a rush of new products following the end of international quotas that for decades had limited global apparel trade" (Chinese, 2005, para.1). While increases have been across the board, three categories in particular have seen huge increases: cotton knit shirts, blouses and cotton trousers, and these have been targeted for renewed protectionist quotas by both the US and the EU (China, 2005, para.2). "
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Preemptive Force in Iran, 2004.
An analysis of the use of preemptive force in Iran after the events of September 11, 2001.
2,961 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the thesis that, though the United States would have to bear the economic repercussions of pursuing another invasion, a preemptive effort in Iran would be in its best interest if it endeavors to rid the world of terrorism with weapons of mass destruction. It explores the reasoning that, though North Korea also possesses nuclear capability, Iran is thought to be more volatile at the moment and capable of launching attacks on the United States and other Western countries due to its ties with other Muslim countries.
From the Paper
"Though it is not clear how far the Iranians have come to produced nuclear warheads, it is known that they have the ability to produce several hundred tons of chemical agents annually. They have the potential to output as much as 2,000 tons of agents till very recently, which includes blister (mustard), choking (cyanidal), and possibly nerve (sarin) agents. It is also known that Iran produces bombs and artillery rounds filled with these agents and perhaps the have deployed chemical missile warheads. Toxins such as anthrax and botulin are thought to be among the chemical interests of Iran too."
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The First and Second Formulations of Kant's "Categorical Imperative", 2001.
This paper explores the first and second formulations of Emmanuel Kant's "Categorical Imperative" and cites evidence that the two can indeed work together, contrary to prominent interpretation.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper is centrally interested in the definition of "objectivity" in the work of E. Kant, particularly in relation to his first first and second formulations of the categorical imperative. This paper explores the conventional interpretation of the notion of objectivity, and then offers a modernized understanding of the term.
From the Paper
"This essay holds that the application of the first and second formulations of Kant?s moral doctrine the categorical imperative?the purpose of which is to determine the morality of human action?can and must be applied in conjunction. When applied in conjunction, it is shown that the two formulations prohibit and enjoin the same actions for the same reason. First, this essay explores the conventional interpretation of the first and second formulations of the categorical imperative. After mentioning the primary fault of this interpretation?namely, the confusion surrounding the interpretation of the terms ?objective? or ?objectivity?? a new interpretation is suggested."
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Kant's Categorical Imperative, 1974.
This paper will examine the third formula of Kant's categorical imperative by scrutinizing the four illustrations he uses to prove his point.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will examine the third formula of Kant's categorical imperative by scrutinizing the four illustrations he uses to prove his point. The categorical imperative is an attempt at a formal law which, if followed, will dictate and result in moral action. In the third formula of the categorical imperative Kant states that one must: "Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end." According to Kant this rule should fit any moral situation and any situation which does not fit this formula cannot be moral. It is this contention - that he has found a set of absolute guidelines - which will be questioned.
As a means, for it will be shown here that they are not ends in themselves, of supporting his third formula Kant employs four ... "
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