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Puritan and Romantic Literary Consciousness, 2004.
An analysis of Puritan and Romantic literary consciousness.
707 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Puritan and Romantic literary consciousness and explores various literary works. The paper contends that the Romantic and American Transcendentalist ideal is clearly embodied, not only in this excerpt from Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay, "Nature," but also by the life and teaching of the instructor portrayed by Robin Williams in the film, "Dead Poet's Society."
From the Paper
"The ideals of Romanticism suggested that the human animal must mature emotionally as well as intellectually, to reach his or her own artistic potential, and the best way to do this was to do so in nature. In nature, Emerson wrote, one is filled with the innocent love of spontaneous experience, much like a child. But this childlike innocence can also catch the eye of the 'powers that be' or the orthodox leadership of opinion in a very negative, as opposed to a positive way. Because the Romantic teacher does not teach the curriculum as required, and because he integrates immediate, bodily, and visceral experience into the teaching of poetry and literature, the guru figure portrayed by Williams is symbolically cast out of the fold of the scholarly halls and into the harsh, cruel world where he is not allowed to practice his pedagogical vocation."
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Consciousness, 2002.
A discussion of the many notions of consciousness and if they are all equally problematic.
2,472 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to answer the question ?what are the various concepts the term ?consciousness? picks out?? It outlines six different notions of consciousness, self-consciousness, minimal consciousness, perceptual consciousness, phenomenal consciousness, access consciousness and higher order consciousness and shows why they are not equivalent. It examines how every one of these concepts of consciousness is problematic in that they have all alluded a complete scientific explanation and how phenomenal consciousness and perceptual consciousness are more likely to allude scientific analysis than the others.
From the Paper
"Matters are different, however, when it comes to phenomenal consciousness (and therefore perceptual consciousness, for remember that perceptually conscious mental states are a subset of the phenomenally conscious ones). To be sure, phenomenally conscious mental states can and do represent the world and play an important role in producing behavior. That?s why so many mental states are both phenomenally conscious and access conscious. But an explanation of the functional role phenomenally conscious states play in can never be a complete explanation of those states. For such an explanation will inevitably leave something out of the picture. What will it leave out? An explanation of the subjective quality of the experience?something that can differ from individual to individual."
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Language, Consciousness, and Reality, 2005.
Examines Starhawk's philosophy that language shapes consciousness and consciousness shapes reality.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on Starhawk's philosophy that language shapes consciousness and consciousness shapes reality. Within the paper it is shown that Starhawk's belief is that language can have a deciding factor on a person's perception of themselves, and through this perception they develop concepts of reality in their consciousness. Therefore, this perception then shapes their reality.
From the Paper
"Reality, according to Starhawks, is a state in which we must find definition. It is how we define reality within our consciousness that ultimately determines the type of power that will control our lives. As individuals, what we perceive to be real will be. What we believe to be true will happen. The key to discovering a harmony in life is to come to the realization that people do have a final say in how their lives will be lived, and through the consciousness every individual can make that choice. To understand how this is possible the individual must first comprehend that there are powers in the world. Starhawks contends that there is the "power-over" which is any power that comes from outside of the individual that is controlling."
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Paintings of the Romantic Age, 2003.
A summary of Romantic paintings, what makes them Romantic, what they depict, and how they reflect the culture of Europe and the world at the time.
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The Romantic Age was an age in which artists employed many different techniques to create certain effects and feelings in their paintings. This paper focuses on some of the key pieces of art from the Romantic Age and analyzes each painting to reveal its true meaning and explain what aspects of each painting make it a Romantic work of art. It also examines how each painting reflects a certain aspect of both European and world culture at the time. This includes social, economical, and political aspects of life. The paintings include "The Raft of Medusa" by Theodore Gericault and "Hunting in the Pontine Marshes" by Florace Vernet.
From the Paper
"One painting, The Raft of Medusa, by Theodore Gericault, is a painting of a small raft that is afloat in the sea which is covered with people sprawled out over the raft. There is a wide range of emotions shown by the people floating on the raft, as some are waving a white flag trying to catch the attention of a passing ship in the far distance, to the dead bodies of those not fortunate enough to make the journey on board the raft. In fact the range of emotions seems to follow a pattern from the top right to the bottom left. In the top right a ship can be seen very far off in the distance, which symbolizes the chance of rescue. Then moving downward and leftward there are a couple people trying to get the attention of the ship. Then there are some people who seem rather indifferent and are standing about, then there are people who seem worried, which gradually advances to into mourning, some people have their hands clasped over their faces, and finally there are the sick and then the dead. The elements of art which are important in this painting are line, space, and color. The line in this painting by Gericault is much defined by the way he outlines the bodies and faces to shape their expressions. Gericault also uses symbolism, using people to represent possible human emotions for dealing with such an event, and he expresses individualism by showing almost each person with their own emotion. Finally he uses the horizon very well by giving the painting a sense of depth."
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"Double Consciousness", 2003.
A review of W.E.B Dubois literary piece "Double Consciousness".
1,457 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines W.E.B Dubois literary piece "Double Consciousness" about the conflict focusing around the life of colored people and their struggle to live life bound by the intense realms of racial injustice in a prejudicial American society. It looks at how Dubois shows how blacks had to live their life on a day to day basis, thinking of themselves with a ?double consciousness.? In one consciousness, colored people looked at themselves with an allegiance and pride of their African culture and its traditions and in the other were coerced to look at themselves in the way that the dominant culture perceived them to be. It shows how Dubois uses such techniques like mighty phrases of repetition, symbolic structures and unique narrative tone in order to convey his concept of ?double consciousness? into the mind of the reader.
From the Paper
"Furthermore, Dubois utilizes more elements of structural devices that enrich his essay. In the third paragraph of Dubois? literary piece, his tone is quite unique in relaying a message to the reader. In this last paragraph, Dubois places no periods until nearly the end of the paragraph. Indeed, the author does this for it provides the structure of the essay with a unique rhythm that overwhelms the reader with a series of ideas and vital conceptions. The narrative technique here raises the tone of the literary piece while formulating tension and surprise, which coerces the reader to keep reading to see how this immense tension will resolve."
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The Romantic Period of British Literature, 2003.
This paper discusses the Romantic period of British literature, from approximately 1785 until 1830, which was spurred in part by the French revolution and followed the Age of Enlightenment period of literature.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Romantic period is about the ordinary and the outcast becoming glorified; romantic literature parallels romantic domestic life: Men spend their time talking of great ideals while women go unrecognized for meeting those same ideals as they get down and do the real work. The author points out that, after Wordsworth and Coleridge, Lord Byron is the next big name in the Romantic period of British Literature. The paper relates that the women writer of the Romantic period, such as Mary Robinson, Mary Wollstonecraft and
Anna Leticia Barbauld, also were predominantly members of the aristocracy, but, by the virtue of being women of their era, they were more down-to-earth.
From the Paper
"Wordsworth and Coleridge are essentially credited with starting the Romantic Era of British literature with the publication of the Lyrical Ballads. Wordsworth and Coleridge were heavily influenced by Milton and this shows the "Preface to Lyrical Ballads," in which Wordsworth defends his poetry, but not without making dozens of references to Milton throughout. The Lyrical Ballads themselves are very difficult reading, obviously intended for the elite. Then we have the "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" in which we have a tale set up much like the Odyssey in which the "Ancient Mariner" has an epic adventure in which he is taken to the South Pole by a storm an kills an albatross which causes bad luck and releases spirits, but fortunately for our narrator he is saved by the "grace of the Holy Mother" and is witness to such epic-style special effects as ghosts, miracles, and reincarnation. This certainly does not fall under the heading of "glorification of the ordinary." It is another epic."
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Consciousness, 2002.
A review of the various methods that have been used to study the nature of consciousness.
2,553 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to define the phenomena of consciousness. It studies the claims of scientists like John Searle, that there is a reductive, scientifically explainable process that results in consciousness. It discusses how philosophers like David Chalmers criticize the reductive explanation and how Chalmers argues for a more nuanced, dualistic view, one that recognizes the phenomenon?s more subjective and qualitative aspects.
Outline
Definitions of Consciousness
Is Consciousness Scientifically Explainable
The Limits of Scientific Explanation
Chalmers? Naturalist Dualism
Evaluation of the Scientific Model and Chalmers? Critiques
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The advent of computer technology and artificial intelligence has led to a refinement of the mind-body problem. A more accurate term would be the mind-brain relationship, as scientists are identifying the mind with the brain. The biochemical and biophysical findings continue to shed more light on mental actions and conscious thought. Many scientists now believe that brain processes are themselves mental processes, and that a scientific understanding of consciousness and other mental phenomenon rests on a greater understanding of the brain itself."
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Shakespeare and the Romantic Poets, 2006.
This paper discusses the reception of William Shakespeare by the Romantic poets as referenced in several text of both Shakespeare and these poets.
2,930 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the way in which Shakespeare was viewed by the poetic exponents of Romanticism, and how some of the characters of Shakespeare's plays may exemplify the Romantic ideal. This author explains that two hundred years separates the time of William Shakespeare in the Elizabethan era and the Romantic poets and their vision of a society, which put the concerns of the individual to the forefront of political issues. The paper points out that, while direct reference to Shakespeare's works by the romantic poets is less than abundant, John Keats, Samuel Taylor and Percy Bysse Shelley suggest a clear aesthetic link between Romanticism and Shakespeare's texts. The paper examines characters of Shakespeare's plays and how they exemplify the Romantic vision of individual liberty, the freedom of expression and mans' relationship with nature, which feature prominently in "King Lear", "Hamlet", "Romeo and Juliet"."
From the Paper
"If then, life is to be lived according to one's ideals, as opposed to the rules of society, then the examination of cerebral conflict is a relevant concern. It would be a simple matter to make one's point by filling an essay such as this with quotations from "Hamlet", whose central character, it appears, is in a state of permanent confusion, or from Corialanus, who, it could be argued is the most egocentric character ever created by Shakespeare, and whose vanity, ultimately, proves to be his undoing. The Romantic hero referred to in my question however, is, for this critic, personified in the character of the eponymous protagonist of "Romeo and Juliet"."
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Consciousness and Animals, 2002.
An analysis of the misconception that no other living creature could possibly rise to the same level of consciousness as a human being.
6,183 words (approx. 24.7 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 145.95
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Abstract
The main point of this paper is that consciousness is not something that is specific to human beings; but that man is likely the only species that truly does not understand the depth and intensity that animals possess in their special consciousness. It analyzes various ways in which man acts towards animals that shows how insensitive we are to other living creatures' consciousness - they are used for experiments, as a food source, in labor, etc. The paper argues humanity has taken advantage of the animal kingdom, while at the same time given nothing back in return with regard to a level of appreciation for nonhuman sentience. It examines research in the field which proves that animals do have definite levels of consciousness and different animal species are compared to each other to determine their level.
From the Paper
"What is consciousness if not the awareness that one exists and, therefore, acts upon that knowledge as a means by which to maintain survival? Just because animals do not outwardly possess the prerequisites of consciousness set down by man's definition does not mean they do not exhibit their own consciousness in various other -- and significantly more elusive -- ways. When science has taken to task the issue of animal consciousness, it has typically pitted several species against one another as a means by which to establish some semblance of conscious behavior. Results from these types of research methods have consistently demonstrated a considerable divergence between and among species residing at varying rungs upon both the evolutionary and supraliminal ladders."
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The Philosophy of Mind and Consciousness - An Overview., 2001.
This paper examines an integral part of the philosophy of mind: Consciousness - the most obvious, yet most mysterious feature of our minds.
1,958 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 7 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
After defining 'consciousness' in this paper, the author shows that the very fact that we all have privileged access to our consciousness and cannot analyze it from an outsider?s point-of-view is a major reason why consciousness remains so mysterious. In addition, he puts forward his view that inevitably, a scientific explanation of consciousness will be possible.
From the Paper
"It is very hard to find an analogy to describe consciousness. We know nothing in the scientific world that draws a parallel with it. Consciousness is unable to be measured or analysed because at present we know of no connection between itself and the physical body, even if there happens to be a portion of the brain where consciousness is localised. We all experience privileged access to our own consciousness, yet how can we determine for sure that other people and creatures are also conscious beings when there is no sure-fire way to prove this? How do chemical reactions and neural processes in the body trigger conscious events? This is what makes consciousness so mysterious. We take it for granted and all regard ourselves as conscious beings, yet very rarely do we actually stop to think about what it is and how it came to be."
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The Problem of Consciousness, 2006.
This paper uses two different theories by John R. Searle and David J. Chalmers in order to discuss the problem of consciousness.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay looks at two works that attempt to deal with the problem of consciousness. These works are "Minds, Brains, and Programs" by John R. Searle and "Facing up to the Problem of Consciousness" by David J. Chalmers. The writer points out that there are many similarities between these works. However, there are also a wide range of differences. It is argued in this essay that Chalmers provides the better explanation for consciousness. The writer maintains that this is because he uses a non-reductive method to try and explain the nature of consciousness based on the idea that experience is a fundamental.
From the Paper
"Consciousness is one of the most problematic concepts in philosophy, psychology, neurobiology and a wide range of other disciplines."
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The Romantic Era, 2006.
An evaluation of the writers and poetry of the Romantic era in English literature.
1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the Romantic period in English literature, from 1798 to 1832. The paper evaluates the lyrical ballads of Sir William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, which were published at the turn of the 19th century. The paper first analyzes William Wordsworth's poems "Expostulation and Reply" and "The Tables Turned", to demonstrate how the Romantic poets turned to nature as their schoolroom and derived life's lessons from nature. Next, the paper examines three Coleridge poems: "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner," "Kubla Khan" and "Christabel". The paper explains that each of these poems demonstrates the juxtaposition between nature and the sub-conscious, particularly the dream-state.
From the Paper
"The old regime in England took its stand in the face of revolutionary fervor based on the American and French Revolutions. For those who sympathized with the Revolution, they needed a new revolution directed against reason and toward something else, and that "something else" was imagination (Adams 363). Romanticism was a movement marked by a shift in feeling, a shift in sensibility, as well as a new concept of man's relation to the natural order and to Nature in particular. As with most movements, the perception that a group of poets exhibited this sort of shift in sensibility is something imposed after the fact by critics reading the works of Keats, Coleridge, and Wordsworth, among others, and finding that many of their sentiments and responses demonstrate a similarity in outlook different from the previous age. Romanticism was marked by certain attitudes, among them the following: 1) a growing interest in Nature and in the natural, primitive, and uncivilized manifestations of Nature; 2) a growing interest in scenery; 3) an association of human moods with the "moods" of Nature, leading to a subjective feeling for it and interpretation of it; 4) an emphasis on natural religion; 5) an emphasis on the need for spontaneity in thought and action and in the expression of thought; 6) more importance given to natural genius and the power of the imagination; 7) a tendency to exalt the individual and his or her needs and an emphasis on the need for a freer and more personal expression; and 8) the cult of the Noble Savage (Cuddon 814-815)."
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The Ape and Human Consciousness, 2002.
A research paper discussing the similarities and differences between ape and human consciousness.
1,448 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper defines the word consciousness and questions whether chimpanzees and other apes do indeed possess all three traits that make up consciousness as we know it: language, self-awareness, and theory of mind. The paper gives examples from animal communication research which show that they perhaps do possess these traits. It then looks at the critics of this theory who claim that the difference between the human and ape consciousness is vast and that apes cannot really claim to possess language, self-awareness and a theory of mind skills.
From the Paper
"One of the original researchers using sign language with apes, Herb Terrace is now a critic. Terrace placed a chimpanzee named Nim in a community of people using sign language to see if he would pick up the language, but found that only by bribing him with treats did he learn (Wynne 52). Terrace realized that Nim was simply using signs that his trainers had used in their question, so in effect he was just echoing what had been said (Wynne 52). Regarding Washoe?s description of a swan as ?waterbird,? it is noted that perhaps she was simply naming two things she saw, water and bird. As far as Kanzi?s ability to pick up symbolic language from observation of her mother?s training, it must be noted that Kanzi was rewarded for her use of symbols and usually given the things that she named (Wynne 52)."
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The Romantic Male, 2007.
An analysis of the concept of the romantic male as portrayed in the media.
751 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of the romantic male from various perspectives. It presents different definitions and descriptions of male personality and behavior, in terms of their masculinity and romanticism. However, more than just looking into romanticism and masculinity as concepts relevant to the concept of the romantic male, this paper also assesses romantic males as portrayed and interpreted in films.
From the Paper
"The second typology is the "hero" or "warrior" male, most popularly depicted in films and literary texts. The warrior/hero is the male individual who is "physically and socially competent." The warrior/hero is physically tall, muscular, handsome, strong, large, tanned, masculine, and energetic, while socially, he is "sexually bold, calm, confident, and intelligent...no hero was described as being a gentle, sensitive fellow (except with respect to his feelings for and actions toward the heroine)" (Salmon and Symons, 2004). The warrior/hero is considered the romantic male because he is able to "transform" or shift his characteristics in accordance to the person he relates to: he becomes strong and brave when antagonism or conflict is present, and becomes sensitive and gentle when faced with a female individual (Jones, 2006). This character shift makes the female feel special, thus connoting the male's intention to ensure relational longevity between him and the female."
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Consciousness, 2002.
An examination of the term 'human consciousness" in philosophical terms.
2,665 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the term "consciousness" has come to mean several different aspects of human functioning. It explains why, though all these aspects are related to each other in different ways, it is important for any theoretical understanding of consciousness to distinguish the different aspects to which we apply the concept of consciousness.
From the Paper
"The most common and perhaps the oldest concept of consciousness refer to ?all sentient creatures, humans and other, as being awake and receptive to sensory output?. This is the simplest and least problematic aspect of consciousness because it simply refers to a person or other creature being aware of the world around him and is contrasted from being asleep, knocked out or unable in anyway to respond to the sensory world. A second notion of consciousness refers to a condition when a human or any other creature is aware of something, this notion of consciousness is said to have quality of reflecting or thinking. A person is conscious that something being present and something is the case when that person has a thought that it is the case. A third notion of consciousness does not apply to people or creature but to the mental states, as sensing, perceiving, thinking, desiring and feelings."
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