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Public Speaking, 2008.
A discussion of basic presentation skills and tips for public speaking.
1,754 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at methods of organizing material effectively and explains the use of an attention-getting opener, a well-organized and easy to follow speech body and a well thought-out conclusion. The paper also discusses the importance of clear articulation, good projection, variety and animation in presenting a speech.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Public Speaking Methods and Skills
Speaking at a Public Meeting-Tips
Public Speaking in the Media
The Attention-Getter
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Basic presentation skills are stated in the work of McNamara (2007) and stated as the first step is to "list and prioritize the top three goals that you want to accomplish with your audience." Secondly, it is important to "be really clear about who your audience is and why it is important for them to be in the meeting." (McNamara, 2007) Third, it is important to list all the major points of information that should be conveyed to the audience and then to ask oneself if all the points are likely to be understood by everyone in the audience. It is necessary to consider the tone that one desires to set for the presentation. Through defining the tone of the presentation one may enable the cultivation of that mood to those listening in the audience."
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Public Speaking Critique, 2005.
This paper offers a public speaking critique and provides an analysis of content and delivery.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This three page graduate paper is in the form of a critique of a speech about mergers and discusses the technique of public speaking. The author notes that in critiquing this speech about mergers and their unappreciated benefits it is appropriate to use the call to action technique. The writer maintains that this personal approach will serve to draw the audience into the topic immediately and frame the content to follow from the proper perspective.
From the Paper
"In critiquing this speech about mergers and their unappreciated benefits, it is appropriate to use the call to action technique and to open the speech with the question, "How many of you have ever been involved in a merger or acquisition?" for this personal approach will serve to draw the audience into the topic immediately and frame the content to follow from the proper perspective. But before proceeding with the Christian Science Monitor material, the speaker should establish her credentials and experience by providing some personal information."
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Public Speaking, 2006.
This paper explores the keys to success for public speakers.
2,416 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that while everyone talks, very few manage it in front of others with a confident manner, definitive goal and end success. The paper quotes experts on public speaking; Lucas, Gard, Krannich, Fellows and Dunckel and highlights their formula that being prepared for the practical problems that confront every speaker is the secret to a good speech. The paper explains that while they summarize their findings differently and approach different types of speech work in their research, they agree on the three key tasks of setting goals; constant and good preparation, quelling the fears that stand in the way of every presenter and a thorough presentation.
From the Paper
"The words of seminal speakers have not only woven the prose of a poet's pontification, they have inspired the events and actions that have determined the course of the world. "Throughout history, people have used public speaking as a vital means of communication," Stephen Lucas writes. Making ones words public are easily done well; while everyone talks, very few manage it in front of others with a confident manner, definitive goal, and end success. The habits of highly effective speakers are educational; while sometimes innate, they are learned skill sets, honed, and practiced daily to conquer fear, gather thoughts, and control attention. Personal experience lends to my understanding of public speaking as not just a message to spread nor system or rhetoric, but rather an amalgamation of the academic, theoretical, and practical standards of speech."
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Speaking Anxiety, 2002.
A detailed study on speaking anxiety - the fear of speaking up in public.
2,483 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
Speaking anxiety is the fear of speaking to groups and the level of fear varies from person to person. This paper discusses some of the common causes and symtoms of speaking anxiety. It discusses how it affects the sufferer in life, such as restrictions in career advancements and educational experiences. Finally, the paper provides tips and recommendations to people with speaking anxiety to help them overcome the problem of speaking in public.
From the Paper
"Each of the symptoms can happen individually or they can come in groups or all at once. When one is faced with speaking in public these symptoms present themselves. They usually become very pronounced in the minutes before the speaking is expected and can become so pronounced that the anxious person can no longer concentrate on what they were planning to say. In addition they can become so bothersome that the person experiences a well known syndrome called fight or flight. Fight or flight is the desire to run and abandon the immediate environment and situation. If this is a job dependant speaking engagement or necessary to pass a class this can become a very self defeating problem. Furthermore studies have shown that when one uses the flight option and backs out of the speaking engagement, they often feel the consequences were not as bad as speaking would have been. They cannot rationally realize this is not true, because for them the fears and symptoms are all consuming and overwhelming."
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American Libraries and Spanish-Speaking Americans, 2008.
An analysis of the treatment of Spanish-speaking Americans by American public libraries and how the situation can be improved.
2,810 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly looks at the historical treatment of Spanish-speaking patrons by the American public libraries. It discusses the implications of properly treating Spanish-speaking Americans for the library profession. It then explores the many options and solutions being considered and implemented by professional librarians seeking to formulate some kind of a rapprochement with the Spanish-speaking community. Next, the paper looks at how one major stakeholder (private business) has responded to the ongoing problem about how the library system of the United States can best serve the needs of Spanish-Americans. Finally, the paper provides an analysis of some of the solutions that appear to be available and which one of all of these appears most promising.
From the Paper
"There can scarcely be any doubt that American public libraries have historically done a poor job of meeting the needs of Spanish-speaking Hispanic Americans. Part of the reason for this unhappy state of affairs is that Hispanic Americans, until quite recently, did not constitute a large proportion of the American population. In addition, however, there is a general sense (at least in some quarters) that public libraries overlooked the language needs of Hispanic Americans because of a perception that America was an "English-speaking" nation and thus had no pressing obligation to provide for those who spoke another language. This perception has been challenged in recent years - at least in part because libraries are coming to the conclusion that one of the two groups (the other group is Chinese) that is really beginning to assert itself with regards to the use of the latest information technology is Spanish-speaking peoples. For this reason, the ability of American public libraries to accommodate this growing group of patrons is now of undeniable importance."
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How to Communicate in Group Situations, 2002.
Examining the phenomenon of fear of public speaking and suggestions to overcome this fear.
2,245 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains why some people are afraid of public speaking. First the nature of fear and anxiety is discussed. This is followed by a discussion of four things people can do to improve their public speaking ability--systematic desensitization, cognitive restructuring, preparation, and practice.
From the Paper
"Public speaking is often described as the most common fear in the world. This fear of public speaking is often regarded as a problem that occurs when an individual has to speak in front of a large crowd of people. However, the same fear can be created when speaking in much smaller group situations. While speaking in front of mass audience may be easily avoided, speaking in smaller group situations may not be. For example, a person may be required to speak to a group of employees, or to do a presentation for a group of work colleagues. These situations are far more common and are not something a person can avoid without it harming their life and career. One of the other features of the fear of public speaking is that people often consider it natural. A certain level of nervousness probably is natural, but anxiety is not. There are relatively simple steps a person can take to manage any anxiety they experience. A person can turn what might have been a difficult experience into one that is comfortable for them. Fear of public speaking is not something that a person has to put up with, nor some unchangeable aspect of their personality; fear of public speaking can be overcome."
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The New Speaking and Listening Initiative, 2005.
A research paper on the new speaking and listening initiative that has been introduced to schools in order to give speaking and listening a higher profile across the curriculum.
10,150 words (approx. 40.6 pages), 48 sources, APA, $ 204.95
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Abstract
This research paper attempts to discover whether and to what extent the new speaking and listening initiative has been introduced and to find out what the response to the initiative has been from the schools. The study was conducted in primary and junior schools where observations were made in literacy and foundation subjects, over a period of several weeks.
Introduction
Objective of Study
Length and Scope of Study
Organization of the Research
Review of Literature
Design of Study
Methodology
From the Paper
"This dissertation will be organized into six chapters. This chapter introduced the research topic by briefly describing the problem. The primary objective was discussed concerning the implementation of the new initiative. It presented, briefly, the background of the study and the research methods. Chapter two will annotate the findings of relevant literature related to the value of speaking and listening in the classroom and how the profile has changed, why it has changed and what problems, if any, there are with the speaking and listening in the classroom. Chapter three will describe the study setting. Chapter four will describe the methods of research. The results of the research will be presented in chapter five. Finally, Chapter six will discuss the results as presented in chapter five and make suggestions and recommendations."
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Speaking Too Slowly, 2002.
An analysis of the communication roblem of speaking too slowly and how it can be rectified.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This is a paper on the topic of a communication problem of speaking too softly. The paper makes a number of suggestions for behavior modifications to help reach the goal.
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Integration of Non-English Speaking Students, 2008.
A case study presentation of the language and cultural issues that exist in terms of integration of new non-English speaking students into a school.
3,082 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study of a girl who emmigrated from Cambodia to Canada. It describes the issues that are related to her integration into a new school in Canada. The paper begins by presenting the case study. It discusses the background of Cambodia and why the girl's family chose to leave. The paper then looks at the traditions and the behavior of the girl and describes the language issues that she has on arrival in Canada. Finally, the paper discusses goals for language development and adjustment into the school.
Table of Contents:
Introduction - Chantrea's Background
Behaviors, Attitudes & Traditions
Language
Goals for Language Development
Activities / Strategies Regarding the "Four Strands of Language Arts"
Adjustment in the Classroom
From the Paper
"It is important that Chantrea should maintain a sense of pride in her culture whilst she assimilates to Canadian life. Many Cambodian immigrants escape the oppressive governmental regime to flock to North America, though this does not mean the Cambodian culture and traditional values should be forgotten. Chantrea may be able to join up with an after-school group, such as the equivalent of the Khmer Emerging Education Program (KEEP) in the United States (World, 2003). Such groups boast teachers which aim to "breathe life into literary figures and historical accounts, using movies, photographs, personal stories, and textbooks" from Cambodian sources. Learning about the Cambodian cultural background on a continuing basis will help the child also form a strong bond with her family and their origins."
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A Critique of Barak Obama's Speaking Abilities., 2008.
This paper is a critique of Barak Obama's speaking abilities as evidenced in his speech "A 21st Century Education".
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
At a rally on September 9, in Dayton, Ohio Senator Barack Obama gave a speech on "A 21st Century Education". The author of the paper uses that speech as a platform to examine and analyze Senator Obama's abilities as a public speaker. The writer describes Obama's use of words and imagery and examines their effects on the audience. He goes on to show how Obama uses his linguistic ability to establish his credibility and promote the image of a caring, forward thinking, everyday American in an attempt to win support not only from Democratic party supporters but also Republicans.
From the Paper
"Besides revealing character qualities, Obama uses ethos to establish his credibility as a leader who makes wise decisions. He includes a bit of his track record when he brings up the successful law he passed in Illinois to double the number of charter schools in Chicago, and his plan to do the same thing nationwide. He mentions several statistics about the literacy rates in America and the rate of jobs offered to different levels of education to raise awareness of our current state, and more so to show that he is educated and passionate about this issue. He further shows his ability to solve this problem by mentioning a couple of programs he had developed last year, such as the Service Scholarship fund to solve the problem of finding good teachers."
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Public Speaking Anxiety, 2002.
This paper explores this anxiety, often described as the most common fear in the world.
1,690 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper begins with a definition of public speaking anxiety and a discussion on the various forms it takes. This is followed by an examination of some of the common treatments for this condition. Finally, the impact and importance of preparation and practice in avoiding this anxiety is explained.
From the Paper
"Public speaking anxiety is defined as a certain type of communication apprehension or CA, where CA is defined as, ?fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with another person or person? (O?Hair, Freidrich, Wiemann & Wiemann 344). Communication apprehension can be either a personality trait, where the individual feels apprehensive about any type of communication. Or more commonly, it is situational, where the level of anxiety depends on factors such as the nature of the communication and the size of the audience. This explains why an individual may be a confident speaker in an informal situation, but may still develop high levels of anxiety in a situation with a large audience or one that is seen as a threat. It is also important to note that it is not only the size of the audience that matters, the other factors in the situation also have an impact. For example, an individual may be comfortable giving a speech to several hundred school mates, but then experience anxiety if asked to speak in front of a formal board of directors, or to a group of children. This illustrates that it is the stress associated with the communication situation that determines the levels of anxiety experienced."
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Speaking a Strange Language, 2004.
An Analysis of Joy Kogawa's "Obasan" and Chang-rae Lee's 'Native Speaker"
1,740 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a review of Joy Kogawa's "Obasan and Chang-rae Lee's "Native Speaker" to determine how the Asian characters in these works find themselves isolated from their new lands and how they try to cope. A summary of the research is presented in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"The emigration of large numbers of Asians to America is certainly not a new phenomenon, but the cultural processes that served to shape the individual experiences of the Asian community have been similar. Since the end of World War II, the United States has paid reparation and extended an apology to Japanese-Americans who were interred in camps following the attacks on Pearl Harbor in December 1941. Many observers may not know, though, that Canada used the same approach with its Japanese Canadians. Kogawa's Obasan is about Japanese Canadians and the numerous injustices they suffered during and after World War II. These forces served to isolate this family from the mainstream Canadian society, just as Henry Park's strict Korean heritage prevented him from being readily assimilated into the larger mainstream society and seeing things eye-to-eye with his influential father."
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Public Speaking, 2001.
Discusses audience contact, delivery, distractions, speaker-listener relationships.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"This paper examines physical, emotional, and mental contact with the audience as a component of public speaking. A speech before a group is an exchange, although usually only the speaker is talking. Yet without effective interaction, communication does not take place. The speaker must be constantly aware of the different kinds of contact that are occurring with the audience, drawing cues from the audible, visual, and visceral reactions being stimulated among the listeners. Interaction is dependent on such basic elements as whether or not the speaker can be heard clearly or speaks with a discernable accent and on such complex issues as whether or not the message has been well designed to meet the needs, interests, and preconceptions of those in attendance. An effective relationship between speaker and audience can result in the powerful exchange of information..."
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Nursing For Non-English Speaking Students, 2002.
A research proposal (and its results) which studied the reasons why minority groups are not well represented in the nursing field.
15,600 words (approx. 62.4 pages), 49 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study to reveal the problem of cultural insensitivity of others toward minority students, using a phenomenological approach that emphasizes depth of understanding. This approach also illuminates the problem of insufficient support for graduate students who are not native English speakers.
Chapter Two of the paper focuses on reviewing the literature to explore the historical context of the problem. Chapter Three extends the literature review to discuss the issue of methodology, exploring the method of phenomenology. Chapter Four provides a more detailed discussion of the use of the phenomenological method for this study. Chapter Five provides the data, with Chapter Six comprising a discussion of the data. The final chapter includes a summary, recommendations
and conclusions.
Table of Contents:
Aim
Phenomenon of Interest
Perceived Justification for Studying the Phenomenon
Phenomenon Discussed Within a Specific Context: Lived Experience
Assumptions and Biases
The Method of Inquiry
Relevance for Nursing
Evolution of the Study
Historical Context
Experiential Context
The Phenomenological Method: Background of the Method
Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology
Van Manen's Method of Phenomenological Research
Application of the Phenomenological Method
Research Design
Summary of the Interviews
Discussion of the Results
Data Management
Themes
Patterns and Connections
Summary
Limitations
Study Significance
References
Consent Form (Appendix)
From the Paper
"Kritek (1994) noted that culturally diverse students are also operating at an uneven table, which can introduce conflict into the system. In any negotiation involving the needs or issues of culturally diverse students, the table is automatically slanted toward the mainstream, or the status quo powers-that-be. This is often not acknowledged to be true. Sometimes those in power deny that there is any inequality, asserting that the table is actually even, and that the failure lies with the culturally diverse who are unable to take full advantage of their opportunities. This, she noted, is always a lie, because society has not yet changed to the position in which the power of white professional men is identical to that of people of color, women, and the non-professional. It is at this point that the rights and needs of culturally diverse students enter into direct conflict with those students who represent the status quo."
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Non English-Speaking Students, 2002.
This paper examines the programs developed by three different states ? Florida, Texas, and California ? to help educate students with limited English proficiency.
2,437 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at both the technical aspects of each program and the larger educational philosophy espoused by each program.The writer notes that the designers of each of these programs seems genuinely concerned with providing students with a legitimate chance to make their way into the mainstream of American society. The paper argues that students need ample time and consideration to attain fluency.
From the Paper
"The problem of educating students with limited English proficiency is a complex one, for it is not a matter simply of teaching grammar and syntax, not simply a question of instilling an appreciation for nuance and vocabulary choice. Those students who are not proficient in English are often poor and often immigrants and therefore in need of a variety of services, training, and education. They often have to learn about American culture and American legal and governmental systems as well as learning the English language. Those who have grown up in poverty either in a country other than the United States or in the U.S., are often poorly educated in their own language. Some may not be literate in any language."
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