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Public Administration: Four Major Administrative Traditions, 2004.
This paper reviews four fundamentally different intellectual traditions and offers input as to where the ?public administration? of the U.S. is in 2003.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces the issue of public administration and then discusses four major theories of public administration: the Hamiltonian Tradition, the Jeffersonian Tradition, the Madisonian Tradition, and Wilsonian Tradition. The paper then compares these traditions and provides an analysis of the traditions and today?s U.S. executive administration.
From the Paper
"Alexander Hamilton?s insistence on a strong executive branch was not based solely on his desire to push his own philosophy of public administration on the young nation. He had seen the failure of the Articles of Confederation in its attempt to solidify the country; states quarreled about everything before ratifying the Articles, and some even went out on a limb and had their own foreign policy. States couldn?t agree on paying for a national army, nor on taxation and spending. Hamilton?s balancing act was, how does the country create an executive ?powerful enough to make the government strong? (Kettl, page 30) and yet how does the country prevent a concentration of too much authority and power in the White House? Hamilton had plenty of experience in executive decision-making, as he was the very first treasury secretary in the nation; and it was his authorship of documents on public credit, national banking, and manufacturing that later formed the basis of the executive branch of national government."
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The Shift from ?Old Public Administration? to ?New Public Management', 2002.
This in-depth paper seeks to clarify, thoroughly explain and critically debate the idea as to whether there is a shift from old styles of Public Administration to new styles under the name New Public Management (NPM).
10,115 words (approx. 40.5 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 204.95
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Abstract
The main tenets of NPM are explored and their application to the U.S., New Zealand, and the U.K. is documented. The application of the NPM to developing countries of Africa, Latin America, South East Asia and the Anglophone Caribbean is also evaluated for their strengths and weaknesses.
From the Paper
"Like the Traditional bureaucracy, the New Public Management approach is yet another ?problem-solving tool? in the schema of public administration, that has emerged with a style of ordering the delivery of public goods and services, however, with a different method in mind. In discussing the so-called ?shift? from Old or Traditional forms of Public Administration, or as some such as Christopher Hood term it, Progressive Public Administration, quite a number of circumstances, situations, contexts as well as a variety of explanations should be proffered and assessed. One needs to critically examine the concept of a shift to New Public Management. The term ?shift?, if one is not careful, could indicate a sharp distinction in the change from Old to New styles of Public Management, or a leap from one paradigm to the other excluding essential features of the old, by replacing such features of the old with the new. This is certainly not the case. It should be noted tentatively, that New Public Management, as Hood, Patrick Dunleavy and others will later confirm, not only exists alongside other aspects of the traditional Model, but also that other features of other ?Intermediate Models? such as those of the Management, Comparative Development and the influences of earlier Market Models, still persist alongside NPM."
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"Public Administration & Public Affairs "( Nicholas Henry ), 1996.
Critical review of work on public management methodologies & techniques & policy formulation & implementation.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
" The purpose of this research is to review the book by Nicholas Henry, entitled Public Administration and Public Affairs (1995). This review will analyze the central themes of the work and address its strengths and weaknesses.
Henry begins by explaining the role of public bureaucracy and public administration in democratic society. He notes that bureaucracy and democracy are in fact antithetical. Bureaucracy tends to be hierarchical in nature and elitist. Democracy, on the other hand, tends to be egalitarian in nature. But in order for a democratic society to function properly, the bureaucracy and democracy must be reconciled (p. 1). Bureaucracy represents the technological elite, the body of persons skilled in how to get things done. The democratic mass is charged with determining the direction of public policy, but it is the skilled.."
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Public Administration: Public and Private Management, 1993.
Discusses the various arguments and approaches toward reorganization of government services through privatization and other approaches.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION
The debate over the need to reorganize government and how best to accomplish that has been raging in academic and public administration circles for some time, but the debate has become a national and very public issue first because of the considerable dissatisfaction expressed in recent years on the part of much of the public with their public institutions and leaders and second because of the present effort by the Clinton Administration to do something about it. With the announcement early in September of Vice-President Gore's analysis of the issue and his recommendations for change, the debate is likely to become more heated in the months to come. One complaint has been that government is inefficient, especially when compared with the ..."
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Information Technology and E-Government in Public Administration, 2008.
A literature review to study information technology (IT) and e-government in public administration.
4,045 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the implementation and deployment of information technology (IT) solutions in public administration have tended to strengthen the hierarchical bureaucracies already in place instead of transforming these processes. The author then identifies propositions and barriers to effective e-governance. The paper concludes that e-governance has a long way to go in actually delivering public service administration via the Internet. A better understanding of the potential of public administration via the Internet is critical for public administration employees and officials if the benefits of e-governance are to be realized in a manner that truly benefits the public. Several tables and figures are included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Theoretical Ideal of Information Technology Examined
Key Issues in E-Government and Public Administration
E-Government Initiatives and Local Government
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The second reform proposition claiming that IT has the power to change the structure of an organization and was therefore a tool for reform is "grounded in the belief that information technology can directly impact the data structure of public administration enforcing or relaxing traditional hierarchical forms." The main-frame computer was viewed from the perspective of being a consolidator of data and expertise which resulted in a reinforcing of hierarchical organizational structures and this is upheld in research findings."
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Vision of Public Administration, 2001.
Discusses major theories & current philosophies of public administration. Details four theorists & their work. Presents six required qualities.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 111.95
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From the Paper
"As the 21st Century begins, it is instructive for the student of the art (or science) of Public Administration to reflect on some of the major theories and underpinnings of the endeavor that have influenced today?s philosophies of PA. During the 20th Century, the growing influence of sociology was paralleled by the emergence of modern, gigantic cities. In this research analysis, four seminal works of PA will be discussed. Those four, and the order of their presentation, are:
* The Bureaucratic Experience: A Critique of Life in Modern Organization (Ralph P. Hummel)
* The Spirit of Community: Rights, Responsibilities, and the Communitarian Agenda (Amitai Etzioni)."
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Power, Institutions, and the Role of Public Administration, 2008.
A review of the role of public administration in society, as an instrument of the state, in assisting citizens.
2,614 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
The paper states that public administration is crucial to the achievement of developmental aims and that it is substantially inextricable from its wider governance and societal structures and social milieus. The paper relates that an important unit of analysis is the nature of institutions and the "inherently" perceived phenomenon of power dynamics. The concept of power is important in understanding the intra- and inter-organizational political dynamics and reality of public institutions. The paper further states that it is crucial to understand the nature and role of public administration in society in light of globalization and changing role of the state. Lastly, the paper looks at the evolving role of public administration as an instrument of the state in "serving" citizens.
Outline:
Power and Institutions
Intergovernmental Relations: Bargaining and Negotiating
Public Administration in Democratic Governance
UNDP Governance Characteristics
Role of Government
Development Goals (MDGs)
From the Paper
"Thus, there is an imminent need to provide for a more balanced and holistic perspective of power in institutions so as to mitigate its predatory consequences and ensure positive implications on current normative trend espousing respect for human rights and rights of minority. The benign conceptualization of power dynamics in political institution, in a way, has a terrible effect on policies and public administration as it would seem espousing for institutionalized discrimination and oppression while benefiting others (usually those holding power or associated with them)."
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Public Administration, 2002.
A research paper on the makeup of the public administration system in America.
1,987 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This essay deals with prominent figures in public administration and considers the effect of their writings and theories on the field of public administration. The paper provides an analysis of the core areas of public administration and how these areas interrelate with one another; taking into account the theories and writings of major players in the field of public administration and how their views shaped these areas.
From the Paper
"The principles of public administration are the clearest description of its usefulness to society and government. This administrative science is barely 100-125 years old in the U.S. and a little over 200 years old in France. Tracing its roots back to Napoleon, public administration evolved largely as a result of the increasing complexity of society, economy and technology. The French system of Public Administration is still considered by many to be the world?s best. Compared to Germany and Britain, the U.S. was relatively slower to utilize public administration in widespread government."
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Public Administration, 2002.
An examination of the role of the public administrator and the influence of strategic management of public organizations.
4,542 words (approx. 18.2 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 118.95
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Abstract
This paper is a literature review and comparative analysis of four articles which span three centuries of public administration on the role of the public administrator and what the ideal standard should be. The four articles are : "To Run A Constitution: The Legitimacy of the Administrative State" by John A. Rohr, "Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government, by Mark Moore", "Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector" by David Osborne and Ted Gaebler and "Twenty-First Century Public Administration: The Folly of Experience and the Wisdom of History" by H. George Frederickson. It also provides the personal views of the author of the role of the "ideal" PA, followed by a comparison of that ideal to the standards suggested by the four authors.
Outline
Introduction
Four Books
Rohr and the Constitution
Moore: The Birth of Strategists
Osborne and Gaebler?s Reinvention Plan
Frederickson and the Janus View
A Personal Definition
Arguing the Ideal PA
Reaction to General Semanticist
Reaction to Cybernetician
From the Paper
"From that challenging position, Rohr then spends the next part of the book with the early days of the American nation, drawing interesting historical parallels between the jobs that the founders wanted the Constitution to do, and the creation of strategies to ensure that these jobs were done. Rohr doesn?t draw some watershed moment when the "PA" was born, rather it is treated as an ad hoc situation that grew and developed organically. His primary contention is that the PA has an implied Constitutional role that empowers him or her to act as a balance wheel or mediator or filler of a vacuum left by Congress and the President and cabinet."
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Postmodern Feminism and Public Administration, 2007.
A look at the contributions of the postmodern feminist theory to public administration.
1,083 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the principles of postmodern feminism, highlighting this tradition's important break from traditional liberal feminism. The paper examines the writings of postmodern writers such as Simone de Beauvoir and Judith Butler, especially their writings on the social construction of the "masculine" and "feminine." It then looks at traditional public administration's "hard" approach that conflicts with ideas that have been referred to as "soft." The paper argues that postmodern feminism can help to create a synthesis between these two approaches, one that combines the best features of both the "hard" and "soft" styles of public administration. It also contends that postmodern feminism jars administrators from their comfort zones and in the process, generates new and innovative modes of thinking.
Outline:
Postmodern Feminism
Public Administration
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Far from being a monolithic entity, feminism has a variety of traditions and focuses. This diversity is reflected in the various approaches of feminism towards studying and criticizing the representation of women in public life. Traditional liberal feminism, for example, has focused on key questions of access. This first wave of feminism believed that when women had access to public institutions such as education and the work place, then gender inequity would be erased. The period of "modernity" was therefore characterized by women's access to areas of public life that was traditionally reserved only for men."
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Equality and Public Administration, 2002.
Examines how the concept of equality relates to public administration.
2,068 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explores several barriers to an equitable public administration in the United States, such as racism and the Jim Crow laws and examines the steps taken to fix some of the problems. It then looks at the benefits and problems associated with affirmative action programs. The paper questions the role of honor in public administration and whether honor always interfere with the ethical implementation of public policy. Finally, the paper examines the lessons learned from the Watergate case concerning ethics and public administration.
From the Paper
"Another lesson from Watergate is that politics still does have an influence in what happens to unethical public officials. Although Nixon resigned from office, he was almost immediately pardoned by his successor, saving him from further public humiliation and possible prosecution. He was then able to go on and rehabilitate his "honor" and become a respected, and consulted, elder statesman, although this took many years. This is one of the reasons that I question the Shafritz and Russell emphasis on the importance of honor. Honor seems like a good concept, but it does not necessarily have to do with moral or ethical behavior. Instead, it is more connected to the person's image in the world, his or her reputation or persona."
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Public Administration Education, 2002.
An examination of the effectiveness of public administration in preparing students for a career.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 16 sources, $ 87.95
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Abstract
Examines the effectiveness of public administration in preparing students for a career. The gap between theory and practice in the discipline of public administration. Identifies areas where public administration education is not effective. Need to focus education on speciific levels of government. Teaching ethical decision-making to enhance ethics & values.
From the Paper
"Effectiveness of Professional Education in Public Administration
Introduction
In the Future of Governing: Four Emerging Model, Peters (1996) discussed the future of public administration. Although his primary emphasis was on the future structure and focus of the practice of public administration, Peters (1996) also noted that public administration education programs generally were not preparing graduates for the demands of public administration in the future.
Three issues identified as important areas where public administration education is not as effective as is desirable in preparing graduates for future responsibilities in public administration provided the foci for an examination of the effectiveness of public administration education. These issues..."
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Public Administration, 2002.
The development of a public administration theory with the purpose of enhancing the political unit.
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the development of a public administration theory. It discusses the components that make up the theory of public administration and develops its own components to enhance the system. In addition this paper discusses other perspectives on what ingredients help to develop a good public administration theory.
From the Paper
"Even in the earliest records of the most ancient and basic social systems, there is confirmation of decisions being made and executed concerning issues of governance within society. As the idea of public administration was developed and extended, the breadth and power of administrative systems grew. The growth of these basic social systems became increasingly more elaborate and the philosophies of political systems became linked with the theory of public administration intended to employ policy decisions of ruling governments."
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Public Administration, 2007.
A look at the problem of government services operating as a service industry or business with all the applications of business terminology and concepts, rather than a form of public administration.
1,328 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that public administration is not a profit-seeking business and the people it serves are not customers but rather invested citizens seeking access to programs and services which by their very nature should be considered innate, or in a sense a part of their birthright and their birth responsibility. The writer points out that just as it is the citizen's responsibility to vote in a democratic society it is also the citizen's responsibility to serve and access services in an environment where civil service is paramount to citizenship. The writer maintains that there is no one right answer to all the issues of public administration but there are many theoretical concepts that can work together to form a basis for the purpose of the development of the common goals of public administration.
From the Paper
"Seeking to understand this relationship between two citizens in service to one another and the common goal the individuals must utilize the concepts of civic social responsibility, so all parties understand that they are not different, that the service provider is not a representative of control and the citizen seeking assistance is not an "other," not crucial to the achievement of service and not privileged to understand the systems in place. Seeking to create a system where civic responsibility is the common goal, service will likely be improved, those who seek to be in positions of service is likely to increase, in number and the system is more likely to be conducive of group goals as those who seek services and those who seek provide a conduit for the provision of these services may have a greater empathetic relationship."
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Public Administration, 2007.
A narrative piece on the possibility of successful authoritarian public administrations.
2,256 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper presents the author's personal view on public administrations. The author takes the view that dictatorships can never be successful and he gives examples from around the world to support his view. The paper concludes that until democratic governments are encouraged and allowed to be established without interference from other quarters, the authoritarian public administration will continue to flourish.
Table of Contents:
Dictatorships Can Never Be Successful
Development of Public Administration
How the Other Half Lives
From the Paper
"It would be a wonderful world if the public administration had evolved the same way throughout the world. We are in 21st century now and we have not reached a point where people in the so called developing countries could speak their mind and criticize the government or bureaucracy by pointing to mistakes of individuals for correcting the system. President Kim of North Korea or Middle East Kings or Emirs could do no wrong. The State machinery will make sure that person doing so is put behind bars, beaten up, arrested on fake or genuine charges. The Police, the public administration and even the judiciary would not tolerate criticism."
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