| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "PSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR": |
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Historical Development of Educational & Clinical Psychology and the Evolution of Behaviorism, 2005.
A discussion regarding the influence Freud has had on the field of psychology.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 7 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This paper examines behaviorism and the roles of educational and clinical psychology in association with behaviorism.
From the Paper
" Psychology, in all of its branches, has its roots in theories that originated with Sigmund Freud. His work with the theories behind psychoanalysis opened the gates for other theorists, some of whom agreed with Freud and expanded on his work. Other theorists diverged from Freud's work, removing the psyche almost entirely from their own work. These theorists studied the field of behaviorism. Some notable behaviorists were John B. Watson, Edward L. Thorndike, and Burrhus Frederick (B.F.) Skinner. "
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Psychology and Behavior, 2007.
An analysis of anti-psychotic drugs, Freudian psychoanalysis, universal interventions and behavior therapy.
1,458 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper describes various aspects of psychology, behavior and treatment options. It begins by discussing anti-psychotic drugs and a few of their typical side effects. It then briefly describes the category of anti-anxiety drugs called benzodiazepines and their side effects. The paper then lists and explains the four basic techniques of Freudian psychoanalysis. It concludes by discussing different types of therapy, such as the mental hospital as a therapeutic community, universal interventions and systematic desensitization and modeling.
Table of Contents:
Anti-psychotic Drugs
Freudian Psychoanalysis
Behavior Therapy: Systematic Desensitization And Modeling
Universal Interventions
The Mental Hospital As A Therapeutic Community
From the Paper
"Therapeutic communities are important and valuable tools, but certainly not for all patients. Often, the community is made up of a certain ward or unit of the hospital, rather than the entire facility. Clearly, some patients, such as those suffering from serious debilitating diseases such as dementia or severe schizophrenia might not be physically or mentally able to exist in such a facility. However, for others, who have specific issues or health problems, and are in the facility hoping for a cure, the community concept can help them become more sure of themselves, more able to function outside the facility, and give them confidence in their decision-making abilities."
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Psychological and Behavioral Processes in Humans and Animals, 2002.
This paper compares and contrasts psychological and behavioral processes of human and animals; knowledge of animals gains a deeper comprehension of the similar processes in humans.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that both humans and animals have strong psychological needs that modify attitudes and behaviors. The author states that cognitive processes, including thinking, feeling, memorizing and perceiving, strongly influence the entire welfare of animals and humans. The paper concludes that there are acute differences between the humans and animals in their psychological processes that mutate their behavior.
From the Paper
"Research demonstrates that learning about psychological and behavioral processes of both animals and humans can greatly assist psychologists, physiologists, biologists and most of all general public in ameliorating human/animal interaction and in the successful management of all animals. Over the years, physiological processes have been studied thoroughly and paid much attention to, however, psychological needs and behavioral processes associated to them have neither been examined nor researched, thereby neglecting the most cardinal facet of both animal and human behavior for exploration of the same proves that animals like humans have strong psychological needs that modify and determine their behavior."
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The History of Behavioral Psychology, 2003.
A comprehensive examination of the history of behavioral psychology and its impact on modern psychoanalysis.
4,048 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
During the early part of the 20th century, the distinction between learned and inherited behavior seemed much clearer than it does today. The view that any type of behavior was either learned or simply developed without learning seemed straightforward. This paper explains that studies based on these expectations led investigators to conclude that rat-killing behavior among cats is learned rather than instinctive, that human fears are all acquired, or that intelligence is completely the result of experience. Learning theorists were maintaining, at this point, that most behavior is learned and that biological factors are of little or no importance. The behaviorist position that human behavior could be explained entirely in terms of reflexes, stimulus-response associations, and the effects of reinforcers upon them, entirely excluding ?mental? terms such as desires, goals and so forth, was advanced by J. B. Watson in his 1914 book, "Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology." This paper provides a discussion of Watson?s life, followed by an examination of behavioral psychology and an assessment of its impact on modern psychoanalysis in the conclusion. Also includes a graphic.
From the Paper
"John B. Watson was an American psychologist who was responsible for codifying and publicizing behaviorism. From Watson?s perspective, behaviorism was an approach to psychology that was restricted to the objective, experimental study of the relations between environmental events and human behavior. Watsonian behaviorism became the dominant psychology in the United States during the 1920s and '30s. Watson received his Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Chicago (1903), where he then taught. In 1908 he became professor of psychology at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., and immediately established a laboratory for research in comparative, or animal, psychology. About this time he articulated his first statements on behaviorist psychology, and in the epoch-making article ?Psychology as a Behaviorist Views It? (1913) he asserted that psychology is the science of human behavior, which, like animal behavior, should be studied under exacting laboratory conditions."
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Psychology of Drugs and Human Behavior, 2008.
This paper discusses whether psychoactive drug use is synonymous with dependence.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that psychoactive drugs act upon the human central nervous system, altering brain function and impacting on mood and behavior. The writer discusses that though some psychoactive drugs are legal and prescribed as medication, while some are illegal and are used as a form of recreation for users. The writer then points out that current research suggests that these drugs can sometimes lead to dependence and addiction issues. The writer also discusses that mood and behavior-altering drugs have therefore garnered significant media attention as harmful solutions to problems which could be solved through non-medicinal methods.
Outline:
Introduction
Psychoactive Drugs: Theories of Addiction
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Though the researchers agree that this is true, they believe that psychoactive drug addiction is a real issue that has numerous causal factors. The most notable of these, according to Nesse and Berridge, is the tendency for psychoactive drugs to create a brain signal that creates a false indication of a huge fitness benefit. This then changes behavior propensities, increasing drug-seeking behaviours in frequency and displacing more adaptive behaviours. This issue is seen by the researchers as being part of an overall addiction modern society has to fitness-decreasing incentives such as video games and snack foods. Such addictions, Nesse and Berridge maintain, are a mismatch between our bodies and our modern environments, which causes behavioural and medical problems."
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Community Psychology And Traditional Psychology, 2002.
Examines the differences between the two schools of psychology.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 9 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Examines the differences between the two schools of psychology. Community as grounded in roots of ecological psychology & the social sciences. Traditional as based upon principles of psychoanalysis, behaviorism & humanistic psychotherapies. Uses actor Robert Downey, Jr. and his chronic substance abuse problems to illustrate how both schools of psychology would analyze his difficulties.
From the Paper
"Community psychology is a specialization within a larger realm encompassing psychology and the social sciences that is grounded in the roots of ecological psychology (What is community psychology..., 2000). Traditional psychology, on the other hand, is based upon fundamental principles of psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanistic psychotherapies (Garfield & Bergin, 1986). The two approaches differ in terms of views, values, and focus. The purpose of this report is to examine the differences between these two schools of psychology with reference to a specific individual seeking help for a life problem. The individual selected is the well-known actor, Robert Downey, Jr., whose substance abuse problems have been tracked in the popular press over the course of the last several years."
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Psychology and the Psychological Study of Human Aggression, 2000.
A look at various psychological studies and opinion on human aggression.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 9 sources, $ 54.95
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From the Paper
"Psychology is a science dealing with behavior and mental processes. It concerns the hows and whys of individual human behavior. Psychological research employs the scientific method, which utilizes the techniques and procedures of naturalistic observation and experimentation to deal with facts, data, and their interpretation according to certain principles. In a given study, the dependent variable under study is considered to be a function of the 'independent variables. Typically, one independent variable is manipulated - the experi-mental variable, while the other independent variables are controlled. Statistical methods are then employed to anal, the research data to ascertain if the findings support or refute the experimental hypothesis......."
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Neurophysiological and Psychological Aspects of Criminal Behavior, 1981.
This paper examines the neurophysiological and psychological roles in criminal behavior: Brain's influence under normal & abnormal conditions, Research, psychosurgery and drugs.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of the following research is to examine the neurophysiological and psychological roles in criminal behavior. Emphasis will be placed on explaining how various structures of the brain influence behavior under normal and abnormal conditions.
The organization of the research is as follows. First, a general background of the human nervous system and organs of the brain is presented. This will acquaint the reader with certain physiological aspects which are partly responsible for human behavior. Next, various theories and experimental findings are discussed and analyzed with regard to their pragmatic value and/or controversial nature. Finally, there are a few summarizing remarks made on brain and behavioral research.
The nervous system of the human body can be divided into two ... "
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Behavior Therapy, 2004.
An explanation of the more recent psychology treatment known as behavior therapy.
1,120 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by explaining that behavior therapy is dependent on the belief that a person?s psychology is learned and can, therefore, also be unlearned. The paper then looks at the major psychologists who used behavior therapy, including B.F. Skinner and Arnold Lazarus. The paper the looks at the key components of behavior therapy, the philosophy behind it, and the relationship between the counselor and patient.
From the Paper
"The second key aspect of behavior therapy is based on the individual learning new behaviors. This learning behavior can take several forms. Systematic desensitization is where classical conditioning is used to change a person?s response to a stimulus. Operant conditioning uses reward and punishment to change behavior. The common feature regardless of how the new behaviors are learned is that they replace the learning that caused the unsuitable behavior, and in doing so, alter the behavior."
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Ego Psychology, 2005.
An examination of what ego psychology is and how it is applied in the field of psychology.
1,759 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by explaining what the ego psychology theory is and who the main theorists were behind its development. A history of its development is provided as well as a study of the primary components of the theory. The writer then looks at how the theory can be applied to human behavior and development. Criticisms of ego psychology are discussed and the paper concludes with how human behavior can be better understood with the theory.
Paper Outline
Theorists of Ego Psychology
Development of Ego Psychology
Primary Components of Ego Psychology Theory
Ego Psychology Applied to Human Behavior and Development
Strengths of Ego Psychology Theory
Criticisms of Ego Psychology Theory
Understanding Human Behavior through Ego Psychology Theory
References
From the Paper
"Ego psychology comes under the neo-analytic theory. Neo-analytic theory recasts and broadens psychoanalytic theory by underplaying sexuality, and by underplaying the significance of the unconscious. Instead it highlights the role of the ego. There are some neo-analytic theorists who concentrate on the process of the ego, while some concentrate on how the ego relates with and is influenced by other individuals or society or culture. Freud thought that the main job of ego was to intervene among the id, superego and external realism. Ego psychologists vary from Freud by stating that: The ego is concerned in adjustment, i.e. that the aim of behavior is adjustment to the surroundings and that the ego is powerfully concerned; and that the ego prevails from birth. Based on Freud's early works, a number of famous ego psychologists have done their works, but with a better and diverse prominence on ego. These ego psychologists can all be categorized as Neo-analysts. Examples are: Adler; Erikson; Freud; Hartmann; Loevinger and White. (Major Neoanalytic Theories & Theorists)"
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Positive Psychology, 2007.
This paper discusses the theory of positive psychology in light of the various other psychology theories.
3,553 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that positive psychology is a newer branch of psychology that primarily deals with what is 'right' with humans instead of what is 'wrong' with them. The paper discusses how positive psychology is a science that is growing rapidly. The paper explores how it compares to various other forms of psychology and how this new kind of psychology integrates itself with personality traits and theories that are commonly dealt with and addressed when it comes to psychology. The paper concludes that with positive psychology, more medications and therapies are being utilized and many problems that were previously considered to be imagined are being recognized as biological and behavioral problems that need therapy and other means of help.
Outline:
Introduction
Brief Definition of Positive Psychology
How Does Positive Psychology Compare to Other Forms of Psychology?
Integration with Personality Traits and Theory
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The concept of positive psychology has been around for some time, but not under that specific name and not in exactly the same way as it is now. There have been changes made in the area of psychology in recent years, and positive psychology is at the forefront of these changes, because it looks at joy and happiness instead of depression and other mental problems and issues. Not everyone agrees with this type of psychology, however, and some individuals that work in the field of psychology believe that those that work with positive psychology are doing a disservice to their patients because they are not focusing on the real problems that the patients have, and instead just trying to get their patients to 'think positive' and avoid negative thoughts and ideas."
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Humanistic Psychology, 2004.
This paper discusses humanistic psychology and compares it to psychoanalysis and behaviorism.
1,485 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that humanistic psychology created a third method of understanding humans as living beings who are basically good and attempts to identify the importance of their subjective process rather than create arbitrary theoretical systems to describe human behavior. The author points out that humanistic psychology grew out of a large body of work being done by many psychologists; whereas, psychoanalysis, the foundation of modern psychology, was created by Freud and then extended by Jung, while behaviorism was developed by scientists like B.F. Skinner. The paper states that the aim of humanistic psychology is what is known as ?self-actualization?, or the reaching for the knowledge of the deepest and most hidden parts of ourselves that we desire to bring out and turn into a reality.
From the Paper
"Thus, the major break between humanistic psychology and the previous schools is its tendency to place an essential importance on the subjective character of psychology. Humanistic psychology sees this subjective experience as the most important factor in understanding the entire human being. Moreover, instead of attempting to atomize experience and understand it in the sense of particular behaviors or disorders, humanistic psychology favors a holistic approach that values the whole of the human being, seeing the mind in the body as related parts of a continuum that affect and are affected by each other in a continuous feedback loop."
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Comparative Psychology in Natural Selection, 2002.
This paper provides a look at natural selection in behavioral formats within animals, through a review of "Comparative Psychology Evolution and Development of Behavior" by Maurico R. Papini.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 1 source, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the nature of behavioral evolution in the book "Comparative Psychology Evolution and Development of Behavior" by Maurico R. Papini. This study covers the basis for natural selection in behavioral formats within animals and also elucidates the individual traits that are part of the evolutionary process in the opinions of Papini. By demonstrating the systems that contribute to the mechanical properties of evolution, the writer shows how this plays into scope of empirical studies done to prove that neurons in the brain are associated with learning in the animals.
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Two Psychology Studies, 2002.
This paper is a classical review of two published psychology studies: "? Good Behavior Game on the Disruptive Behavior of Sudanese Elementary School Students" by Saigh and Umar and "? the Rate of Social Interaction in an Autistic Child" by Wildman and Sim
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the purpose of "? Good Behavior Game on the Disruptive Behavior of Sudanese Elementary School Students", by Saigh and Umar, was to address the concern for the social validity of the good behavior game in a developing country that is unfamiliar with behavior modification. This paper reports that the purpose of "? the Rate of Social Interaction in an Autistic Child", by Wildman and Simon, was to collect data relevant to changes in frequency of interactions between an autistic child and his parents while engaging in skill training.
Table of Contents (for each article)
Reference and Purpose of Study
Procedures Used in the Study
Results of the Study
Evaluation of the Article
From the Paper
"Strengths of the study include the methods used, which were thorough. For example, the subjects chosen were considered by the teachers and principal, to be representative of the population of students in rural public schools. Target behaviors were adequately derived and operationally defined, and observers were trained in their coding. Efforts were made to insure the appropriateness of reinforcement choices. Interrater reliability was determined for all phases of the study. "
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Humanistic and Interactionist Theories of Psychology, 2005.
This paper discusses the humanistic and interactionist theories of psychology, which were developed because of disappointment in the behaviorism and psychoanalysis theories.
3,190 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 31 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the humanistic personality researchers wanted to emphasize human tendencies toward self-improvement, self- actualization, autonomy and looking at the overall value of human beings; whereas, the interactionists, or trait situation interaction therapists, were more concerned with the combined dynamic influences of both personality traits and situations in order to acquire a gestalt understanding. The author points out that Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are major contributors to humanistic psychology; Walter Mischel, Henry Murray (theory of needs) and Harry Sullivan (social interactions) are associated with trait situation interaction. The paper relates that one of the differences between humanistic psychology and trait situation interaction is how much of an emphasis to place on an individual's personality; the link between traits and situations has been more precisely specified in the interactionist approach; however, most humanistic psychologists apply an ideographic approach that looks at the entire individual and in context.
From the Paper
"One of the main aspects of PSC is expressing empathy, which is based on Rogers' humanistic approach. Expressing empathy toward pain, anxiety, or anger does not mean reinforcing the way the child has handled a given problem, but helps the youth be less defensive and more ready to reevaluate his/her actions and approach change. Unlike punishment that addresses the feelings and needs (id) of the child or moralization that addresses the conscience (super ego), PSC addresses the ego. It encourages children to understand the event, be aware of their feelings, reevaluate their actions, examine the alternatives, make new decisions, construct a plan of action, and finally implement that plan. PSC aims to accomplish behavioral change and ease the personal growth of children."
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