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Psychology of Aging, 2007.
An examination of the psychology of aging with reference to models of selection, optimization and compensation (SOC).
1,657 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the pall that psychiatric disorders can place over elderly people. It also looks at elderly people's physical abilities with psycho-social determinant. The paper then focuses on the implications for models of "SOC" (selection, optimization and compensation) - in discussions of geriatric patients and what is meant by a normal or 'rational' patient.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
A Transforming Discovery
'Quality of Life'
What is 'Well-Being'?
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Papers referred to in this paper manifesting an SOC approach can be recommended as one means of addressing psychosocial adjustments of old age, but as argued, one becomes aware of how much is ignored in such studies that pertains to the nature of geriatric experience and notably, the likelihood of mental health impairments that may be the most important variables in all adjustment and adaptation. Old age has been approached incorrectly , it is realized, in past assumptions to do with geriatric impairment and decline that do not match with reality, just as indications of impairment and decline have been misdiagnosed towards many missed opportunities to completely realign a patient's experience of old age. Psychologists may or may not have substantial roles to play in improving awareness of depression or sleep disorders as conditions to transform the patient, very often the patient's entire life situation, and with treatment not provided that could produce an entirely new fundamental situation."
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Psychological Aspects of Aging, 2003.
This paper examines how income levels can affect the elderly in America.
3,033 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
A study into the psychological aspects of aging in America. The writer explores the relevant literature to determine what impact income has on the access to adequate healthcare for the elderly in America. The paper provides a discussion of the findings in these various studies. The writer selected this topic because the problems associated with aging will be exacerbated in the coming years, with the aging of the nation.
From the Paper
"They say that money can?t buy happiness, but it is clear from the research that income levels certainly affect the quality of life for older people in America. Despite the enormous strides made over the last 100 years in developing an unprecedented social security framework, significant disparities remain in the quality of healthcare and living conditions for the vast majority of elderly Americans."
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Community Psychology And Traditional Psychology, 2002.
Examines the differences between the two schools of psychology.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 9 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Examines the differences between the two schools of psychology. Community as grounded in roots of ecological psychology & the social sciences. Traditional as based upon principles of psychoanalysis, behaviorism & humanistic psychotherapies. Uses actor Robert Downey, Jr. and his chronic substance abuse problems to illustrate how both schools of psychology would analyze his difficulties.
From the Paper
"Community psychology is a specialization within a larger realm encompassing psychology and the social sciences that is grounded in the roots of ecological psychology (What is community psychology..., 2000). Traditional psychology, on the other hand, is based upon fundamental principles of psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanistic psychotherapies (Garfield & Bergin, 1986). The two approaches differ in terms of views, values, and focus. The purpose of this report is to examine the differences between these two schools of psychology with reference to a specific individual seeking help for a life problem. The individual selected is the well-known actor, Robert Downey, Jr., whose substance abuse problems have been tracked in the popular press over the course of the last several years."
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Psychology and the Psychological Study of Human Aggression, 2000.
A look at various psychological studies and opinion on human aggression.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 9 sources, $ 54.95
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From the Paper
"Psychology is a science dealing with behavior and mental processes. It concerns the hows and whys of individual human behavior. Psychological research employs the scientific method, which utilizes the techniques and procedures of naturalistic observation and experimentation to deal with facts, data, and their interpretation according to certain principles. In a given study, the dependent variable under study is considered to be a function of the 'independent variables. Typically, one independent variable is manipulated - the experi-mental variable, while the other independent variables are controlled. Statistical methods are then employed to anal, the research data to ascertain if the findings support or refute the experimental hypothesis......."
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Developmental Aging through the Cognitive Process, 2005.
A research paper looking at three different ranges of the aging process.
4,390 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This study researches aging from the aspect of cognitive development, which includes all aspect of adult development including theory and research. This work is done from the view of a cognitive cohorts aspect inclusive of case studies, which state that this is from both the male and female perspective. Phases of Development are inclusive of mental, physical and emotional changes experienced by the aging individual. The three ranges covered in respect to developmental cohorts are those of Middle Age range 40-60 years of age, Older Mature Phase 60-80 years of age and Elder Range of ages 80 and beyond.
Table of Contents
Purpose
Introduction
Disease and Aging
Life Span
Molecular/Cellular Changes in Aging
Aging Theories
Accelerated Aging Diseases
Developmental Psychological Aspects of Aging
Developmental Cohorts
Facts of Aging
Cognitive Development
Piaget Theorist: Four States of Human Cognitive Development
Literature Review
Physiological Signs of Aging
Outward Signs of Aging
Adult Developmental Stages
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Aging has many different variables and occurs at rates that are different among individuals and among species. Senescence is viewed by gerontologists as a "collection of degenerative entropic processes related only by the fact that the occurrence is over a period of time. One theory is the "Loose Cannon Theory" which proposes that an entropy-producing agent-free radical or glucose disrupts cellular macromolecular constituents over a period of time.""
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Positive Psychology, 2007.
This paper discusses the theory of positive psychology in light of the various other psychology theories.
3,553 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that positive psychology is a newer branch of psychology that primarily deals with what is 'right' with humans instead of what is 'wrong' with them. The paper discusses how positive psychology is a science that is growing rapidly. The paper explores how it compares to various other forms of psychology and how this new kind of psychology integrates itself with personality traits and theories that are commonly dealt with and addressed when it comes to psychology. The paper concludes that with positive psychology, more medications and therapies are being utilized and many problems that were previously considered to be imagined are being recognized as biological and behavioral problems that need therapy and other means of help.
Outline:
Introduction
Brief Definition of Positive Psychology
How Does Positive Psychology Compare to Other Forms of Psychology?
Integration with Personality Traits and Theory
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The concept of positive psychology has been around for some time, but not under that specific name and not in exactly the same way as it is now. There have been changes made in the area of psychology in recent years, and positive psychology is at the forefront of these changes, because it looks at joy and happiness instead of depression and other mental problems and issues. Not everyone agrees with this type of psychology, however, and some individuals that work in the field of psychology believe that those that work with positive psychology are doing a disservice to their patients because they are not focusing on the real problems that the patients have, and instead just trying to get their patients to 'think positive' and avoid negative thoughts and ideas."
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Successful vs. Unsuccessful Aging, 2002.
A comparison of successful and healthy aging as opposed to unsuccessful and unpleasant aging.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper defines and clarifies the debate over different types of aging. Starting with the revolutionary work of Havighurst in the late 1960?s and incorporating research from the present day, this paper defines the three central components of aging: physiological, psychological (cognitive), and social. Numerous examples of both successful and unsuccessful aging across all three components are described, and backed by empirical research. No clear ?recipe? for successful aging can be given, but this paper is a thorough and modern overview of this facet of psychology as it stands today.
From the Paper
"In the late 16th century the Spanish explorer Ponce de Leon set out on a quest to discover the fountain of youth. Intruding into uncharted and hostile Indian Territory, de Leon was struck dead by an arrow to his heart, at the age of 47. Today millions of Americans and billions worldwide are experiencing the golden years that evaded De Leon. But does older age necessarily equate to 'golden years'? Since at least the 1960s gerontologists have been developing conceptual frameworks, called schema, to describe ideal outcomes of the aging process. One of the most commonly used terms to describe good old age is "successful aging", often attributed to R.J. Havighurst (1961). This concept lies at the core of the practice of gerontology; the Havighurst article appeared as the first conceptual piece in the first issue of the discipline's prime publication, The Gerontologist. Defining 'successful' aging has been an issue of debate ever since. However, a complete definition must include at least three components: physiological, psychological (or cognitive), and social. It also must be able to be clearly distinguished from the opposite end of the spectrum, namely, 'unsuccessful' aging."
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Ego Psychology, 2005.
An examination of what ego psychology is and how it is applied in the field of psychology.
1,759 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by explaining what the ego psychology theory is and who the main theorists were behind its development. A history of its development is provided as well as a study of the primary components of the theory. The writer then looks at how the theory can be applied to human behavior and development. Criticisms of ego psychology are discussed and the paper concludes with how human behavior can be better understood with the theory.
Paper Outline
Theorists of Ego Psychology
Development of Ego Psychology
Primary Components of Ego Psychology Theory
Ego Psychology Applied to Human Behavior and Development
Strengths of Ego Psychology Theory
Criticisms of Ego Psychology Theory
Understanding Human Behavior through Ego Psychology Theory
References
From the Paper
"Ego psychology comes under the neo-analytic theory. Neo-analytic theory recasts and broadens psychoanalytic theory by underplaying sexuality, and by underplaying the significance of the unconscious. Instead it highlights the role of the ego. There are some neo-analytic theorists who concentrate on the process of the ego, while some concentrate on how the ego relates with and is influenced by other individuals or society or culture. Freud thought that the main job of ego was to intervene among the id, superego and external realism. Ego psychologists vary from Freud by stating that: The ego is concerned in adjustment, i.e. that the aim of behavior is adjustment to the surroundings and that the ego is powerfully concerned; and that the ego prevails from birth. Based on Freud's early works, a number of famous ego psychologists have done their works, but with a better and diverse prominence on ego. These ego psychologists can all be categorized as Neo-analysts. Examples are: Adler; Erikson; Freud; Hartmann; Loevinger and White. (Major Neoanalytic Theories & Theorists)"
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Psychology in the Media, 2005.
A discussion about the way media has turned the practice of psychology in pop-psychology.
1,284 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper offers an examination and criticism of the trend to air people's psychology problems on the media. Focusing on shows like "Dr. Phil" and radio talk shows, the paper argues that psychology has gone public. It states that the success of these types of shows is not about psychology itself, but about the viewer or listener coming out feeling good about themselves.
From the Paper
"The television and radio waves are clogged with programming devoted to helping viewers and listeners sort through their personal and emotional problems before an audience of millions. Log online and a whole world of "help" becomes available for anyone who feels the need to chat about a problem. Bookstores now have entire sections devoted to emotional health and well-being. And even the most mainstream magazines devote space to solving personal problems, whether relationships, phobias, or self-improvement."
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Christopher Peterson's "Primer for Positive Psychology", 2007.
This paper reviews the textbook "Primer for Positive Psychology" by positive psychologist Christopher Peterson, one of the founders of the discipline of positive psychology.
1,375 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 0 sources, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Christopher Peterson in "Primer for Positive Psychology" not only attempts to define positive psychology but also shows how it can be applied to a person's daily life and how it is instrumental in the understanding of happiness. The author points out that the initial purpose of Peterson's narrative is to explain how positive psychology evolved from the primary study of social and cognitive psychology. The paper relates that Peterson makes clear that, while traditional psychology has focused on illness, positive psychology takes a "longitudinal" approach to the examination of happiness and well-being.
From the Paper
"Within Peterson's analysis he attempts to adopt a mediation and unity between the new field of positive psychology and social psychology. He specifically identifies several theories and relationships found in both fields. One of these fields is the understanding that "close social relationships are essential to well-being". Research into the field of human interactions and social dissonance has shown that social relationships are one of the strongest correlates to positive emotions. This is one of the primary mechanisms by which individuals can achieve a positive state of mind."
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Balinese Society Viewed through Psychology, 2006.
This paper examines Balinese culture through two differing psychological theories, holistic psychology and cross-cultural psychology.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper uses two differing psychological theories to examine Balinese culture. Balinese society is examined through the lens of both holistic psychology and cross-cultural psychology. The author contends that by applying these two differing theories, the usefulness of each approach can be determined.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this study is to provide useful and functional definitions of both holistic psychology and cross-cultural psychology through an examination of Balinese culture. By specifically applying both of these psychological theories to a specific culture, in this case that of Bali, it will be more evident the usefulness of each approach. Though considered by many to be non-mainstream forms of psychological investigation, in fact both of these conceptual frameworks have significant contributions to make to the study of human psychology and behavior. The following exposition will be built on the critical stance that both holistic psychology and cross-cultural psychology, despite existing misgivings in the academic community, are important theoretical tools for the 21st century psychologist. Both in a theoretical and practical sense, these approaches to the study of human behavior have much to offer."
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Elements of Psychology, 2002.
A look at some of the the different fields of psychology such as psychological disorders, memory and problem solving.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper is a brief overview of the field of psychology. It discusses the elements of perception, memory, problem solving, emotion, personality, and psychological disorders that comprise the different fields of psychological study.
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Educational Psychology, 2002.
Discussion of the relationship of neuropsychology, cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence to educational psychology.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
The study will give the relationship between cognitive neuropsychology, cognitive psychology and Artificial intelligence, and its application for education in psychology. By revealing the differing aspects of three elements of psychology, we can see how they intertwine and create a cohesive bond in educational psychology.
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Developmental Psychology, 2006.
An in-depth look at developmental psychology.
2,511 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to address the topic of developmental psychology, also known as human development. This scientific area of study within the field of psychology focuses on the study of the gradual psychological changes that take place in human beings as they mature. The paper discusses how, historically, this subject area dealt primarily with the psychological development in infants and children, and later expanded its focus to other periods of psychological and physical change, such as adolescence and aging.
Outline:
Introduction
History
Categorization by Age and Stage in the Lifecycle
Some Important Theories
Stage Theory
Incremental/Continuous Theories
Social Contextualism
Ecological Systems Theory
Methods Adopted in the Field
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The thoughts of the Soviet researcher Lev Vygotsky are gradually gaining more popularity in the field of American psychology. In the field of developmental psychology, in specific, his ground-breaking work relating to the significance of social interactions and the so-called "zone of proximal development" is now recognized. Vygotsy based his theory on three premises namely: (a) humans are associated with the physical world and each other by processes of cultural mediation that utilize both psychological and technical tools of the surrounding culture, (b) cultural mediation and, therefore, human psychological functions go through uninterrupted and lifelong alterations, and (c) human psychological functions arise from practical activity in specific contexts. Thus cultural groups have a significant impact on cognition and its development and cognition is a dynamic activity in which the individual both shapes and is shaped by the environmental surroundings. (The Vygotsky Project)"
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Abraham Maslow and Third Force Psychology, 2006.
This paper examines the studies of psychologist Abraham Maslow and third force psychology also known as the humanistic approach to psychology which believes that all people are inherently good.
3,029 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This in-depth paper explores Maslow's career as a trained experimental and quantitative psychologist who rebelled against the current model of abnormal psychology and began to investigate normal individuals for aspects of mental health. This paper also discusses Maslow's critical view of Sigmund Freud's theories. During his career Maslow studied great figures in history including: Abraham Lincoln, Albert Schweitzer and Mahatma Gandhi while he concentrated on the healthy aspects of the human psyche.
His theory of hierarchical needs and the concept of self-actualization arose out of this historical investigation.
Topics covered in this report include:
A Short History of Psychology
Maslow's Rebellion Against Freud, Watson and Skinner
Maslow's Emphasis on the Healthy Personality
The Hierarchy of Needs
Peak Experiences Defined
Maslow's Research on Self Actualizing Personalities
Maslow and Management - a Renaissance of Third Force Psychology
How Can Self-Actualization Assist Societal Growth in the Future?
Conclusion
Footnotes
References
From the Paper
"Abraham Maslow was one of the great personality theorists to emerge from the school of Neo-Freudism. This was a period when therapists were attempting to go beyond Freudian concepts and redefine clinical psychology through other techniques. Some of the reasons they felt compelled to try new ways of communicating with their patients were multi fold. First, psychoanalysis was a very long and expensive process for the patient and it also required that the therapist become a Doctor of Medicine before studying psychoanalysis."
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