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Psychological Drama as Presented in "Equus", 2001.
This paper critically analyses the play "Equus", focusing on the central character of the play, Dr Dysert.
780 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The play Equus by Peter Shaffer is a psychological drama centering on the philosophical, moral and professional crisis facing the main character, a child psychiatrist (Dr. Dysert).
From the paper:
"The play is set in England, and Dysert gets his new patient through the court system. The judge involved tells him that he is the only psychiatrist in the area competent to help this young man. The patient, Alan Strang, has done a bizarre and horrible thing: he has blinded some horses (although this is not revealed early in the play)."
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Modern Drama and Psychological Forces, 2004.
An exploration of the contention that modern drama activates psychological forces using specific reference to Henrik Ibsen, Anton Chekhov and Samuel Beckett.
1,769 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how modern drama works closely with the concept of the repression of fear and aggression and how Freudian theory had a direct impact on dramatists after the 1920s. It looks at how Beckett?s drama portrays the human condition through the depreciation of psychological forces and how, conversely, Chekhov allows his characters a sense of realisation through negative capability whereby the characters are respectively voiced without emphasis on any one viewpoint. It also shows how like Ibsen he allows the characters the freedom to speak almost randomly, in what Freud would term the technique of free association used to cure patients by articulating their repressed fears and aggressions.
From the Paper
"Freud formed a theory of the id and the ego which attempted to explain the unconscious psychological forces of an individual, and can be illustrated through Beckett?s Waiting for Godot (1952). Vladimir and Estragon are embodiments of a mind and body duality. By reversing Vladimir?s epithet ?Didi? it is possible to form Id-Id, where, by psychological definition id represents the desire for physical contact and body warmth, characteristic of babies. Estragon, or ?Gogo? can be reversed to (e)go-(e)go, the ego, which forms the conscious and socially aware psyche developed in adulthood. The mind is purely conscious, and can detach itself from the more base instincts of the body, an extended reality, which is controlled by specific laws."
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Psychology and the Psychological Study of Human Aggression, 2000.
A look at various psychological studies and opinion on human aggression.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 9 sources, $ 54.95
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From the Paper
"Psychology is a science dealing with behavior and mental processes. It concerns the hows and whys of individual human behavior. Psychological research employs the scientific method, which utilizes the techniques and procedures of naturalistic observation and experimentation to deal with facts, data, and their interpretation according to certain principles. In a given study, the dependent variable under study is considered to be a function of the 'independent variables. Typically, one independent variable is manipulated - the experi-mental variable, while the other independent variables are controlled. Statistical methods are then employed to anal, the research data to ascertain if the findings support or refute the experimental hypothesis......."
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Community Psychology And Traditional Psychology, 2002.
Examines the differences between the two schools of psychology.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 9 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Examines the differences between the two schools of psychology. Community as grounded in roots of ecological psychology & the social sciences. Traditional as based upon principles of psychoanalysis, behaviorism & humanistic psychotherapies. Uses actor Robert Downey, Jr. and his chronic substance abuse problems to illustrate how both schools of psychology would analyze his difficulties.
From the Paper
"Community psychology is a specialization within a larger realm encompassing psychology and the social sciences that is grounded in the roots of ecological psychology (What is community psychology..., 2000). Traditional psychology, on the other hand, is based upon fundamental principles of psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanistic psychotherapies (Garfield & Bergin, 1986). The two approaches differ in terms of views, values, and focus. The purpose of this report is to examine the differences between these two schools of psychology with reference to a specific individual seeking help for a life problem. The individual selected is the well-known actor, Robert Downey, Jr., whose substance abuse problems have been tracked in the popular press over the course of the last several years."
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Psychological Interrogation & False Confessions: A Literature Review, 2001.
A review of literature on psychological interrogation methods, false confessions and their implications.
4,738 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that while the use of psychological interrogation methods is currently permissible by the courts in Canada, Great Britain and the U.S.A., many researchers argue that psychological interrogation is, in essence, no different than blatant coercion. Confession Law has slowly evolved over time alongside the evolution of interrogation methods. The paper discusses how prior to the 18th Century, English Common Law accepted confessions without any restrictions, which allowed confessions extracted through torture to be accepted as viable representations of objective truth. Today, the bottom line on the admissibility of confessions is that they are "typically excluded if elicited by physical violence, by a threat of harm or punishment, by a promise of leniency or immunity from prosecution, or by failure to notify a suspect of his or her constitutional rights to counsel and silence" (Kassin & McNall, 1991). The paper shows that despite these seemingly stringent laws regarding the admissibility of confessions, psychological interrogation methods are adept at circumventing the law, and continue to employ methods that run the risk of eliciting false confessions. This paper reviews the literature on Psychological Interrogation methods, false confessions and the implications of both.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Psychological Interrogation Tactics
Inside the Interrogation Room
Custodial Legal Advice & The Right to Silence
Psychological Interrogation Functioning as Coercion
Police Interrogations and Confessions
Communicating Promises and Threats by Pragmatic Implication
False Confessions
Occurrence of False Confessions
Creation of False Confessions
An Empirical Study On Recall
Discourse Study
Interrogative Suggestibility & Delinquent Boys
Psychological Characteristics of False Confessors
Consequences of False Confessions
From the Paper
"Interrogation, as defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary, is the act of "questioning; formally and systematically." Interrogations within criminal justice systems are used to gather information relevant to investigations, and more importantly, to elicit confessions from suspects. Methods of interrogation have changed drastically throughout history, but the ultimate goal of obtaining confessions has held constant. While the whips and chains of the past have now exited the western world's interrogation rooms, many scholars argue that today's suspects are still subjected to psychological tortures. Psychological Interrogation is the most recent approach used by law enforcement officials to extract information from suspects."
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Psychological Testing in the Workplace, 2002.
A discussion of the application and effectiveness of psychological testing in the workplace.
2,067 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how workplace psychology is a relatively new dimension within the industry of psychology, and within this new field is a list of important motivational reasons for the administration of psychological testing to both existing employees and potential employees. It shows how the motivation for the application of psychological testing within the workplace can range anywhere from the desire to apply psychological science to work style varieties and, therefore, job descriptions, to assessing the psychological health of workers in potentially stressful roles. It also looks at how other reasons why psychological testing may occur within the workplace may include use as a tool for the recruitment of new employees or as a tool to assess productivity or workplace problems some associated with social issues and some associated with nonsocial problems.
From the Paper
"It must be made clear to the employee that the responses and results of the testing are not conditional to their continued employment and that changes made to benefit them and the workplace are the intended results of any assessment. An employee must understand that it is his or her work that will determine continued employment and not his or her answers on any survey. Whether problems are associated with a social situation or a logistic situation may be assessed through the tools of workplace psychology. It is important with this type of psych testing to make clear to all employees through a wide distribution of the assessments that everyone will have an interest in the results. Employees must not feel singled out as if the results of the test that only they take will determine his or her continued employment."
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Psychological Tests, 2004.
An analysis of the validity and reliability of psychological testing.
1,871 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to determine if psychologists and the courts should begin to question whether psychological tests such as the Rorschach and MMPI can retain their validity and reliability, particularly when test results are subject to public scrutiny or review by unqualified professionals. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the different types and uses of psychological tests. The paper examines the literature available relevant to psychological tests to determine whether or not psychological testing is a valid and reliable practice for measuring one's fitness for duty, mental stability and general condition.
Outline
Introduction
Analysis of the Efficacy of Psychological Tests: Types of Tests
Can Psychological Tests Retain their Validity?
Summary
From the Paper
"Intelligence tests attempt to measure intelligence on a certain scale or the manner in which an individual is able to assimilate one's understanding of the world around them and applies the information they acquire (Richmond, 2005). Intelligence tests can be hard to validate because in order for them to truly be accurate they must be unbiased and culture free and the majority of intelligence tests that exist fail to do this to some extent (Richmond, 2005). Neuropsychological tests are typically used to measure any deficiencies that exist from a cognitive perspective, meaning related to the way people think, speak and reason (Richmond, 2005). These are considered far more accurate than traditional psychological tests, and may be used to assess whether or not an individual is suffering from brain damage due to an illness or injury."
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Psychological Effects of Drugs and Alcohol, 2004.
Discusses the psychological effects of drugs and alcohol on the human brain.
2,872 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses in detail the psychological effects of drugs and alcohol on the human brain and how those effects play a role in the overall psychological constitution of the user/addict. The topics included in this paper include a brief yet detailed overview of substance dependence in conjunction with the evidence for psychological dependence as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-IV and other pertinent scientific sources. In addition, a number of recommendations for future research on the psychological effects of drugs and alcohol are discussed at the conclusion of this paper.
Substance Dependence
Substance-Induced Disorders
Alcohol
Cocaine and Amphetamines
Caffeine
Cannabis
Hallucinogens
Inhalants
Nicotine
Opioids
Phencyclidine
Sedatives
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The study of the psychological effects of drugs and alcohol on the human brain, as compared to other medical conditions, is relatively new in the field of medical research. Only within the last fifty years or so has the medical community focused on how drugs and alcohol affect the human brain and the conditions that arise from prolonged abuse of the various associated substances. As Dent J. Yerbury points out, "literally hundreds of substances cross the brain barrier to influence human behavior and psychology" (June,1986), especially those connected to substance abuse. Reflecting those substances that are most widely abused and that cause the most significant problems to the abuser, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM--IV) has divided the universe of substances into eleven specific drug classes--alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine, cannabis (marijuana), hallucinogens, inhalants, nicotine, opioids, phencyclidine, and sedatives. Most recently, one other category has been included for less commonly abused substances, being over-the-counter medications."
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Psychological Thought, 2006.
This paper examines the major schools of psychology which are comprised of psychoanalysis and force psychology.
2,090 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 23 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper explores in-depth the three schools of psychology which consist of psychoanalysis, the second force of psychology and third force psychology. This paper discusses each school of thought in detail and expresses the different viewpoints each has on man's intrinsic nature regarding human nature, motivation and behavior.
Topics covered in this paper include:
Introduction
Freud - The First Force - Psychoanalysis
Watson and Skinner - The Second Force of Psychology
Abraham Maslow and Third Force Psychology
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Until Freud began his study of hysteria in women in the late 19th Century, the mentally ill were thought to be possessed by evil spirits or demons. The main method of treatment was confinement and often-brutal beatings and starvation. Occasionally, a less severe patient would be treated by the application of leeches to restore the balance of the 'humours', blood, bile etc. or at best given a dose of opium to calm them. As mentally ill patients were considered to be spiritually ill or possessed, their 'babblings or outbursts were ignored as they were considered unholy words."
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Intelligence and Psychological Testing, 2002.
This paper discusses the theories and process of intelligence and psychological testing.
4,140 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that in psychological research, a theory is the most significant factor: It determines the manner in which the research will be performed, the purpose of conducting the investigation and defines the subject that is being researched. The author defines the psychometric approach as psychology that deals with the design, administration and interpretation of quantitative tests for the measurement of psychological variables such as intelligence, aptitude and personality traits. This paper presents the history and application of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, which is one of the most enduring and most used system of typological classifications.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Definition: Intelligence Testing
Uses of Intelligence Testing
Theories of Process
Information Processing
Interpreting, Grouping and Clinical Assessment
Grouping and Validity
Psychological Type and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
From the Paper
"Informational theorists believe that human cognition is best understood as the management of information through a system with limited space or resources.Two theorists that promote informational processing models are Sternberg and Gardner. Sternberg's triarchic theory consists of three parts: cognitive components of intelligence, experience and intelligence, and context of intelligence. They are divided in three major sub-theories: Componential is encoding, combining and comparing stimuli and evaluating one own performance. Contextual is the adaptation to one?s environment. The two-facet sub-theory is the ability to process novelty and the ability to atomize cognitive processes. One of Sternberg's most important contributions to intelligence theory has been the redefinition of intelligence to incorporate practical knowledge. As Sternberg insists, "'real life is where intelligence operates' and not in the classroom . . . . The true measure of success is not how well one does in school, but how well one does in life.""
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Psychological Abuse of Children, 2004.
This paper examines the current research on the long-term effects of psychological and emotional abuse.
2,210 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The first part of the paper looks at various forms of psychological abuse. The next part then examines the physiological effects of psychological abuse on people. The third part then delves into how abuse and maltreatment can be detrimental to a person?s emotional health. Finally, the paper looks at, perhaps, the most dangerous result of psychological abuse in the form of juveniles and young adults who have become violent criminals.
From the Paper
"Psychological abuse runs the gamut from neglect to severe mistreatment. Emotional neglect occurs through "subtle or blatant acts of omission or commission," when the adult guardian is somehow unable to provide a child with the nurturing, stimulation and protection (Whiting, qtd in Neeley). This includes the lack of emotional and intellectual stimulation. When this happens, the affected children lose a crucial component needed for their optimal development.
However, while neglect can have reprehensible consequences, it should also be noted that emotional neglect could be caused by well-meaning adults. Many parents, for example, are constrained from attending to their child?s emotional needs because of the need to work. Others can simply be overwhelmed, or may not know how to properly stimulate their children."
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Psychological Egoism, 2002.
An analysis of Joel Feinberg's theory of psychological egoism, focusing on two arguments of this theory.
1,344 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper describes psychological egoism. The paper critically evaluates two of the arguments in favor of psychological egoism according to Joel Feinberg's theory. The writer provides his own opinion on one of those arguments, and concludes the essay by considering what someone defending psychological egoism might say in response to Feinberg?s criticism of the writer's argument.
From the Paper
"Psychological Egoism (according to Joel Feinberg) is ?the name given to the doctrine that the only thing anyone is capable of desiring or pursuing ultimately (as an end in itself) is his own self-interest.? (Feinberg p. 497) My understanding of this theory after reading the article is that every action or deed that is done by humans is for the solitary purpose of making you feel good about yourself, to positively stimulate your ego, or to reduce the injury or suffering that you may endure as the result of an action."
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Police Psychological Assessments, 2006.
Examines the issue of screening potential police officers for psychological problems.
3,317 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper presents research exploration about psychological assessments on police officer applicants. The writer examines previously published literature, analyzes the results and argues in favor of psychological evaluations and background checks being performed on police officer applicants. The writer explores types of evaluations and shows how they can benefit the selection process in law enforcement.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Reaction to Psychological Testing/Evaluation
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"There are a number of topics, or scales, in clinical personality tests. Each scale addresses a different topic, such as serious depression or lack of a conscience. Because of the nature of these tests, the questions are more invasive than those asked in integrity tests, and they must be administered only after a job offer is made and be interpreted only by a properly trained individual such as a clinical psychologist, psychiatrist, or clinically trained social worker(Jones, 2002)."
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Psychological and Behavioral Processes in Humans and Animals, 2002.
This paper compares and contrasts psychological and behavioral processes of human and animals; knowledge of animals gains a deeper comprehension of the similar processes in humans.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that both humans and animals have strong psychological needs that modify attitudes and behaviors. The author states that cognitive processes, including thinking, feeling, memorizing and perceiving, strongly influence the entire welfare of animals and humans. The paper concludes that there are acute differences between the humans and animals in their psychological processes that mutate their behavior.
From the Paper
"Research demonstrates that learning about psychological and behavioral processes of both animals and humans can greatly assist psychologists, physiologists, biologists and most of all general public in ameliorating human/animal interaction and in the successful management of all animals. Over the years, physiological processes have been studied thoroughly and paid much attention to, however, psychological needs and behavioral processes associated to them have neither been examined nor researched, thereby neglecting the most cardinal facet of both animal and human behavior for exploration of the same proves that animals like humans have strong psychological needs that modify and determine their behavior."
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Psychological Consulting, 2004.
An explanation of the field of psychological consulting.
2,552 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that psychology consulting involves a psychologist working with a team or group of people to make recommendations concerning psychological matters within the group. The paper offers some examples of where consultants might be used, such as in hospitals, the police and crime investigations, and university studies. The paper shows why a psychology student might choose to go into consultancy over private practice. The paper then shows the various stages involved in the consultancy process, from initial contact through to termination of the problem at hand.
From the Paper
"For psychologists who have been engaged in consulting, one thing that they are all likely to discover is that the nature of psychological consulting is the same regardless of the medium in which it is performed. This means that a psychologist who consults for a corporation will find that much of the type of work he or she does there will be similar to the type of work that will be done while consulting for a non-profit organization, or any other group. This is because psychological consultants are most often brought in to an organization in order to help the members of that organization to deal with the interpersonal issues that affect them at work and that affect their work performance."
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