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The Proposed European Union (EU) Constitution, 2008.
This paper discusses the proposed European Union (EU) constitution, which failed to be ratified.
1,760 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, with the impressive economic performance and harmony of the European Union (EU), it seems to be an excellent time to finally establish a constitution for this organization. The author relates that, in 2004, the 25 heads of state of the member countries signed a treaty establishing an EU constitution; however, each member country needed to approve it independently by their own national means. The paper describes that France and the Netherlands rejected this treaty through a referendum vote. The author points out that the most controversial aspect of the constitution was the creation of a foreign minister and a common foreign and defense policy. The paper stresses that, with the many diverse national interests of each of the 27 member nations, it is almost impossible to form a common foreign policy decision as exemplified by the drastically different policies for the war in Iraq.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Major Points of the Constitution
Pro and Con Reasoning
Unpleasant Setbacks in France and the Netherlands
Future of the Constitution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many of the arguments for the constitution are outlined in the previous section discussing the contents of the constitution. As one can see, the argument for the constitution was based largely on making the EU a more democratic organization. Many of the pro camp also saw this as an opportunity to strengthen the European institutions in order to take on the many new member countries that were added in 2004. Furthermore, many believe that the main reason behind the constitution was to propel European unification even further."
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Case Study: Non European Union (EU) or European Union, 2008.
Discusses the European Union (EU) and its individual markets as a potential target market for entry by a foreign enterprise as well as a non-member market.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This analysis examines the characteristics of two specific target countries for potential market entry by a foreign enterprise. The two countries examined are a non-EU member country which is Indonesia and an EU member state which is Spain. Additionally, the benefits and disadvantages of such countries vis-a-vis individual company acquisitions or joint venture targets are discussed.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Country Analysis
Overview
Target Country One--Indonesia
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
Target Country Two--Spain
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
European Union Membership Versus
Non-Membership
The EU Market Environment
Non-EU Market Disadvantages
Business and Commerce in EU Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most important regional trading blocs related to this project are ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Indonesia reported a trade surplus with Japan of $9,018m, $5,096m with the United States, and $1,958m with China as recently as 2000 which indicative a strong export economy (Indonesia, 2006). These and its other total exports formed the equivalent of $57.4b worth of exports in 2001. Its current account stands at $6,899m and balance on goods of $22,695 while its balance on services totals a deficit of -$10,380m . Regional barriers to trade are minimal."
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Turkey and the European Union (EU), 2007.
This paper is a conceptual and empirical analysis of the foreign policy of Turkey as a bridge between the European Union (EU)and the Muslim world.
6,465 words (approx. 25.9 pages), 29 sources, APA, $ 149.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Turkey's potential membership in the European Union (EU) underscores its role in the region and throughout the international community, especially as Europe becomes increasingly Islamized and as the unrest in the Middle East remains at a boiling point. The author presents, in addition to the literature review, case studies of the continuing unrest between the Palestinians and Israelis and the Danish religious cartoon controversy featuring pictures of the Islamic prophet, as examples of Turkey's increasing importance in the region and in the global geopolitical sphere. The paper states that international observers believe that Turkey represents the West's best chances for securing a mediating influence in the region and for developing a cultural, political, religious and geographic buffer between themselves and the increasingly hostile nature of many factions in the Middle East. The paper includes several long quotations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Methodology
Research Questions
Overview of the Study
Conceptualization
Case Studies
Palestine - Israel Conflict
Cartoon Controversy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For example, when the Western European Union was designated as the defense component of the EU by the Maastricht Treaty, which came into force in 1993, the intention was for the organization to serve as a bridge between the EU and NATO. Because membership in the WEU was restricted to EU member states only, opportunities for states to achieve "associate membership" and "associate partnership" in the EU were introduced in order to involve non-EU members in this emerging framework in an attempt to forge the WEU into a more inclusive and relevant organization."
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The European Union (EU) and Western Europe, 2004.
This paper discusses that history of the European Union and its effect on the region and its member states.
2,750 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the concept, which years later became the EU, began in 1948 as the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), whose job it was to advance the rebuilding of war-torn Europe and to help distribute American financial aid (Marshall Aid) for Western Europe. The author points out that, while the overall trend is toward greater regionalization in Europe, there is a great deal of variation among countries, with the smaller countries such as Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Denmark demonstrating little change. The paper concludes that all European countries need a more decentralized system that promotes effective and efficient public service, increased transparency, and accountability.
From the Paper
"Basically, Belgium?s commitment to the process of unification after the war has placed it in its current position of power (International Herald Tribune, 2003). At the heart of Europe since the 1950?s, Belgium has embraced most core EU polices, from the creation of a single currency to the abolition of passport controls within the Schengen zone (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain). A stable democracy with a decentralized government, Belgium has low inflation and slow but steady economic growth, forecast to reach 1.8 percent in 2004. The country has grown over the past three decades into a decentralized state, whose power rests with the three regional governments: Flanders in the north, Wallonia in the south and Brussels as an autonomous region near the center of the country. With one of the EU?s most open economies, Belgium welcomes foreign investment, and its economic policies do not distinguish between domestic and foreign companies."
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Growth of the European Union ( EU ), 2002.
A trace of the the history and development.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 4 sources, $ 103.95
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Abstract
Traces the history and development. Formation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). Expansion of ECSC into common market and then the European Economic Community. Evolvement into EU with its own flag, currency (Euro), common body of commercial law and regulation. EU geographic expansion. Political differences. Growth in scope of the EU. Concept of Leuropean integration.
From the Paper
"Expanding Europe
From the European Coal and Steel Community to the European Union
The growth of the European Union over half a century has been a curiously bifurcated process. On the one hand, it has been gradual and incremental. Its course of development began modestly with the formation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1952 (Dinan, 1999, pp. 1-2). As the name suggests, the scope of the ECSC's activities was limited to the coal and steel industries. Its geographical scope was considerably more limited than "European" might suggest, since it then embraced only Germany, France, Italy, and the three "Benelux" countries of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg."
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European Union Constitution Failure, 2007.
This paper examines the rejected Constitution for the European Union.
945 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the European integration project has moved so rapidly that the push for a European Constitution and its failure are causing doubts about the EU's future. The paper explains that the EU is not ready for a Constitution that could possibly place restrictions on the member states of the Union. The paper asserts that dwelling on the failure to ratify the Constitution will only breed negativity about the European Union and must be forgotten for the time being in order to save the European integration project from crumbling. The paper believes that the EU is being over-zealous in its aim for European integration and should slow down the process.
From the Paper
"The grounds for a European Constitution lie in the demand for a simplification of the numerous Treaties forming the European community and the former European Economic Community; the merging of more than 2800 pages into a single document. As well as the practicable arguments for this project, the implementation of a Europe wide Constitution also sees to reiterate that the European Union is more than just an economic community founded on coal and steel, but a Union of the European people."
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The Constitution of the European Union, 2002.
Looks at the legal implications of the new European Union Constitution.
825 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the origins and objectives of the European Union's Constitution. Some of its shortcomings are explored, and the complications and difficulties that have arisen as a result of the constitution are also studied. The paper also looks at the legal implications of creating a European Constitution with respect to implementation, the appeals process, and dispute resolution.
From the Paper
"The civil justice system in the United Kingdom is based on the precedent of common law rather than the ?code Napoleon? of France and other European countries. In many ways, this has made it extremely successful: Hernando de Soto and others have commented on how the nature of private property had first been enunciated properly in the English-speaking word, and how civil institutions such as consumer lending were soon to follow. To many, the English system is a model for the world. However, the current system has developed internal complexities, which make it unintelligible to the layman."
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EU Constitution, 2005.
A look at the design of the EU draft constitution, its strengths, and its weaknesses.
2,924 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the details of the EU draft constitution. In particular, the paper seeks to critically evaluate the extent to which the draft constitution creates an institutional architecture that is both sustainable for the future of Europe and achieves an appropriate inter-institutional balance. The paper begins with a brief overview of the European Union and the nations that are a part of the entity.
Introduction
Overview of the European Union
Main Aspects of the Constitution
Opponents of the Constitution
Critical Evaluation
Discussion and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The architecture of the constitution is such that it does have the ability to grow and it also makes concessions for the addition of new nations into the union. In addition, the Union will be responsible for making decisions concerning the international community. This decision making ability will allow the European Union to make definitive decisions regarding support for military and humanitarian efforts throughout the world."
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The European Union, 2005.
This paper discusses the emergence of the European Union (EU) as a military actor.
2,240 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, since its inception, several events have conspired to push the European Union (EU) towards implementing foreign and security policies and military intervention; the ethnic conflicts on the doorstep of Europe in the Balkans and specifically the failures in Bosnia and Kosovo have prompted EU leaders to consider the role of the EU in military and humanitarian concerns. The author points out that, in the war on terror, the American response was 'shock and awe'; whereas, the 'European way of war' includes not only the Petersberg Tasks of peacekeeping and humanitarian aid but also trying to deal with the congeries of economic, political, social and human factors, which, if left unaddressed, can contribute to conflict and to support for terrorism. The paper concludes that the EU's identity as an actor on the world stage, as it has developed over the years, has proven it to be a successful economic and political participant in world affairs and, therefore, has been obliged the EU to take responsibility for international conflict and humanitarian crises in its capacity as a major world actor.
Table of Contents
Bosnia
Kosovo
Macedonia
Congo
The End of the Cold War
The 'War on Terror'
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The massacre at Srebrenica in Bosnia, July 1995 was called 'the worst mass murder in Europe since 1945'. The massacre was the culmination of civil war between Serbs and Muslims, brought about through ethnic rivalries. At the time, the United Nations (UN) was in official command of troops in Bosnia and had designated Srebrenica a safe zone for Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), but the UN troops (under a Dutch commander) found themselves unable to intervene. The troops, called in for peacekeeping and humanitarian aid, were not authorised to engage with the Serbs. While the EU with its newly formed Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) attempted negotiations, it was a case of too little, too late."
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Political Lobbying and the European Union, 2007.
This paper uses the case of the "No Software Patents" lobbying alliance in the European Union (EU) to investigate the theory and practice of political lobbying.
8,210 words (approx. 32.8 pages), 41 sources, APA, $ 175.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that an updated version of "lobbying" is all forms of interactions designed to advocate particular ideas, persuade decision-makers to adopt certain perspectives and ultimately to influence policy through the exchange of information, alliance building, formal and informal contact and planned and unplanned relationships. The author points out that, of the European Union (EU)countries, software patents are really of interest only to Ireland; therefore, the amount of attention given by the players in the European Parliament must have been influenced by the agents of lobbying and their relationship to other actors as well as the whole institutional framework for the purpose of lobbying. The paper stresses that this case study shows that gaining direct access to the EU institutions is one of the major conditions for exerting influence on the policy making process.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Developments in the Discipline
Theories, Assumptions and Evidence
EU Institutions under Lobbyist Siege
The Case Study
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Council of Ministers is both executive and legislature. The interests of the different Member States meet in the Council and are at the basis of intensive bargaining activities among them.The Council is responsible for the implementation of EU legislation and policy decisions together with the Commission. The Council is increasingly sharing its legislative powers with the European Parliament. It is the Council's task to amend and decide on legislation by reaching a decision that is acceptable to all or at least a majority.
"If groups gain access to the Council, they have to present information that can facilitate the bargaining process among the Member States in terms of Bouwen's (2002) domestic encompassing index (DEI). The influence of national interests prevails in the Council and it is therefore crucial for the Member States to identify their national or domestic interest. While keeping in mind common goals, the representatives of member states focus on promoting their national interests. The Member States of the Council therefore have very strong demand for information about the DEI. Thus the access to DEI supplies the MSs information about the needs and interests on the domestic front and thereby allows them to identify their national interest."
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The European Union, 2002.
This paper discusses the issues of individual country sovereignty as members of the European Union (EU).
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the relinquishing of sovereignty that nations comply with when they become members of the European Union. This paper explains the EU and some of the issues it deals with currently. The author stresses reasons other nations have decided not to join.
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The European Union, 2005.
This paper explores the origins and expansion of the European Union (EU).
2,490 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the most noteworthy benefits of joining the EU, which the expansion of the EU would magnify, are the free movement of goods, services, people and capital; stable price structures and internal and external security as well as improved social conditions, employment prospects and industrial conditions for the citizens of member nations. The author contends that the desire of Eastern Europe to become a bigger part of the EU can hurt the EU because of the corruption, crime and poverty in Eastern Europe, which was created with the fall of communism in the 1990s. The paper relates that the old members of the EU are limiting the benefits to which new EU members are entitled and are moving toward a more selective membership into the EU as exemplified by the case of Turkey, which is discussed at length in this paper.
Table of Contents:
Birth of the European Union
The Pros of the Expansion of the EU
Cons of EU Expansion
Restrictive Admission to the EU
The Future Expansion of the EU-Experts Speak Out
Closing Thoughts on the EU
From the Paper
"Because of Europe's history of war and destruction throughout the late 1800's into the mid 1900s, many European leaders believed that the best way to secure a lasting peace throughout Europe was to create an economic and political bond between her nations. In 1950, it was proposed that the coal and steel industries of Western Europe be united. In response, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was formed in 1951 by Belgium, West Germany, Luxembourg, France, Italy and the Netherlands. Because of the success of the ECSC, its member nations formed the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) and the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1957, with a goal of creating a common market (Europa-EU at a Glance). "
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Portuguese Farm Policy and the European Union, 2002.
This paper discusses the effect of the European Union (EU) policy on Portugal?s agriculture.
1,075 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper states that the European Union funding programs did not improve Portugal?s ability to competitive with other European Countries in the agriculture market. The paper details the EU Common Agricultural Policy, the current Portuguese agriculture situation, the food retailers and the character of Portuguese Farms. It concludes that agricultural policies will not be enough to slow the transition of the younger generation from farmers into other areas.
From the Paper
"When Portugal entered the EU, it did so from a position of lagging far behind other countries in technology and production methods. Its chief agricultural exports are grain, potatoes, olives, grapes, sheep, cattle, goats, and poultry, beef and dairy products. Only 10% of the country is engaged in agriculture as compared to 60% in services and 30% in industry. As of 1999, Portugal imported more agricultural products than it produced (Eurostat, 2001)."
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The European Union, 2005.
A look at the conflicts within the European Union (EU) leadership.
2,218 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This report examines specific problems in the European Union and posits solutions in a case example format in which several of the EU conflicts are addressed. The paper also addresses measures which could, in the future, lead to these conflicts being overcome and would contribute to an increasingly unified and progressive EU that is united on leadership concepts of communication and teamwork rather than on fractious divisionism.
From the Paper
"One of the main problems that the EU is facing is a lack of integration. The European Union started out as a post-cold-war way of Europe getting together and uniting nations, but it has denigrated in many ways to a situation in which there are divisions and fractious disagreements between the cultural and social policies of member countries. For example, France is a member state that has been rebelling against the
EU's unity, along with the Netherlands, recently, due to trade provisions and arguments of protectionism. "Barring a last-minute reversal in France's grumpy public mood, the European Union faces a period of gloom and introspection, its main leaders distracted by domestic fights for survival and unable to give new impetus to EU integration. The first
casualty could be efforts to craft a deal next month on the EU's 2007-2013 long-term budget" (Taylor, 2005)."
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European Union, 2006.
A review of the European Union's communities and policies.
2,001 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a brief look at the various European Union's economic policies, such as the European Economic Community and the European Monetary Union. According to the paper, the EU has maintained the momentum of its internal economic integration agenda.
Outline:
Activities of the EEC
Structure Of European Union
European Council
European Commission
Functioning of the EEC
European Monetary Union
Common Market Policy
EURO - The New World Currency
The Current Scenario in the European Union
From the Paper
"Regional Development Policy: The objectives of the Regional Development Policy of the EEC is to promote balanced development of the member countries by reducing regional disparities and by developing rapidly the backward regions. To achieve this objective, the EEC provides financial assistance for the development of the backward regions of the member countries. The Financial assistance is provided through."
"European Investment Bank: EEC established this bank in 1958. It provides loans and guarantees the loans raised by the member countries for the development of the backward regions. It grants loans for modernization, conversion and development projects that are beyond the financial abilities of the member governments. It also provides loans for the projects in which member governments have common interest."
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